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DBA成长之路---mysql数据库服务基础(三)

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标签:默认   ica   权限   daemon   方式   vim   sel   ace   nbsp   

mysql 密码恢复及设置


[root@mysql ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log#mysql 启动后随机生成的初始密码

2017-12-20T02:36:18.623330Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5h)>QAdqbI7t

#使用初始密码登录 并重置密码   初始密码不能对数据库进行操作 需要重置密码

[root@mysql4-1 ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p'5h)>QAdqbI7t'

修改密码验证策略

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;

#策略 0 长度

1 (默认) 长度;数字,小写/大写,和特殊字符

2 长度;数字,小写/大写,和特殊字符;字典文件

修改密码长度6  默认值是8个字符


mysql> set global validate_password_length=6;

mysql> alter user root@"localhost" identified by "123456";

mysql> show database;#测试

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@mysql4-1 ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p'123456'

设置密码验证策略永久生效

[root@mysql4-1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

...

[mysqld]

validate_password_policy=0

validate_password_length=6

...

[root@mysql4-1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld


修改数据库管理员本机管理密码(操作系统管理员)

mysqladmin -hlocalhost -uroot -p旧密码 password '新密码'

[root@mysql ~]# mysqladmin -hlocalhost -uroot -p123456 password '123123'

当忘记密码时,密码恢复

[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

skip-grant-tables#启动时不验证用户密码

[root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

[root@mysql ~]# mysql

mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password("abc123") where user="root";

mysql> flush privileges; #刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表

[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

关闭启动时不验证用户密码

[root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -pabc123



数据管理

数据导入:把系统文件的内容存储到数据库的表里

/etc/passwdstudb.user

        用户名 密码占位符 UID GID  描述信息  家目录   shell

        create database studb;

        create table studb.user(

        name char(50),

        password char(1),

        UID int(2),

        GID int(2),

        comment varchar(100),

        homedir char(100),

        shell char(25)

        )engine=innodb; 

        select * from studb.user;  

        load data infile '目录/文件名' into table '库.表名' fields terminated by "字段间隔符号" lines terminated by "行间隔符号"

        

        查看默认使用目录及目录是否存在

        mysql> show variables like "secure_file_priv";

        +------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

        | Variable_name            | Value                                          |

        +-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

        | secure_file_priv           | /var/lib/mysql-files/                    |

        +-------------------------------+------------------------------------------+

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# cp /etc/passwd /var/lib/mysql-files/

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# setenforce 0

        mysql> load data infile '/var/lib/mysql-files/passwd' into table user fields terminated by ":" lines terminated by "\n";

        Query OK, 44 rows affected (0.04 sec)

        Records: 44  Deleted: 0  Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

        

        修改默认使用目录

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# mkdir /myfile

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# chown mysql /myfile/

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

        [mysqld]

        secure_file_priv="/myfile"

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

        mysql> show variables like "secure_file_priv";

        +-------------------------------+-------------------+

        | Variable_name    | Value    |

        +-------------------------------+------------------+

        | secure_file_priv | /myfile/ |

        +--------------------------------+-----------------+

        1 row in set (0.00 sec)

        


数据导出:把表记录存储到系统

        sql 查询 into outfile "目录/文件名";

        sql 查询 into outfile "目录/文件名" fields terminated by "字段间隔符号" lines terminated by "行间隔符号"; 

        mysql> select name,UID from user limit 5 into outfile "/myfile/user1.txt";

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# ls /myfile/

        user1.txt

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# cat /myfile/user1.txt #默认字段间隔符号为<tab>  默认行间隔符号"\n"

        root0

        bin1

        daemon2

        adm3

        lp4

        

        mysql> select name,UID from user limit 5 into outfile "/myfile/user2.txt" fields terminated by "#" lines terminated by ":";

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# ls /myfile/

        user1.txt  user2.txt

        [root@mysql4-1 ~]# cat /myfile/user2.txt 

        root#0:bin#1:daemon#2:adm#3:lp#4:

        


用户授权 grant

就是在数据库服务器添加新的连接用户

grant 权限列表 on 库名 to 用户@"客户端地址" identified by '密码'  [ with grant option ];

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@192.168.4.2 identified by '123456' with grant option;


权限的表示方式: all(所以权限),  usage(没有权限),  select,update(name,age),delete

库名的表示方式: 库名.表名 库名.*  *.*

用户名 自定义

客户端地址表示方式: 192.168.4.117(一台机器) 192.168.2.%(一个网段) 

identified by '密码'  #登录密码

with grant option #可以有授权权限  可选项


客户端测试授权

which mysql 

mysql -h数据库服务器ip -u用户名 -p密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.1 -uroot -p123456


select @@hostname;

mysql> select @@hostname;

+---------------------+

| @@hostname |

+---------------------+

| mysql4-1           |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


select user();

mysql> select user();

+--------------------------------+

| user()                               |

+--------------------------------+

| root@192.168.4.2         |

+--------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



show grants;

mysql> show grants;

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for root@192.168.4.2                                                                                                              |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.4.2' WITH GRANT OPTION               |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


允许从网站服务器上使bbsuser用户连接 密码时123456 只对bbsdb小的所以表有完全权限

mysql> grant all on bbsdb.* to bbsuser@192.168.4.3 identified by '123456';


MySQL [(none)]> show grants;

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for bbsuser@192.168.4.3                                                                                  |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'bbsuser'@'192.168.4.3'                                                 |

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `bbsdb`.* TO 'bbsuser'@'192.168.4.3'                   |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


MySQL [(none)]> create database bbsdb;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)


运行admin用户在数据库服务器本机登录 密码123456 只有查询记录权限

mysql> grant select on *.* to admin@localhost identified by '123456';


授权信息存储子授权库mysql下的表里

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> show tables;

user 已有的授权用户信息

db授权用户对库的访问权限

tables_priv授权用户对表的访问权限

columns_priv 授权用户对表中字段的访问权限


查看服务器上有哪些授权用户

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+-------------------+-----------------------+

| user                 | host                      |

+-------------------+-----------------------+

| root                  | 192.168.4.2        |

| bbsuser          | 192.168.4.3         |

| admin              | localhost             |

| mysql.sys       | localhost              |

| root                  | localhost              |

+-------------------+-----------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> show grants for bbsuser@192.168.4.3;

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for bbsuser@192.168.4.3                                                                                  |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'bbsuser'@'192.168.4.3'                                                |

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `bbsdb`.* TO 'bbsuser'@'192.168.4.3'                  |

+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


查看以有的授权用户对服务器上库的权限

mysql> select user,host,db from mysql.db;

+-------------------+-----------------------+------------+

| user                 | host                     | db           |

+-------------------+-----------------------+------------+

| bbsuser          | 192.168.4.3        | bbsdb     |

| mysql.sys       | localhost             | sys          |

+-------------------+-----------------------+------------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)


查看以有的授权用户对服务器上库中的表的权限

mysql> select host,user,db,table_name from mysql.tables_priv;

+-------------------+-------------------+----------+---------------------+

 | host                 | user               | db         | table_name    |

+-------------------+-------------------+----------+--------------------+

 | localhost        | mysql.sys       | sys       | sys_config     |

+-------------------+--------------------+----------+-------------------+


授权用户登录服务器后,修改登录密码

set password=password("123456");


管理员重置授权用户登录密码

set password for 用户名@客户端地址 

mysql> set password for bbsuser@192.168.4.3=password('abc123');


权限撤销 revokel

revokel 权限列表 on 库名 for 用户名@'客户端地址';

删除授权用户

drop user 用户名@"客户端地址"


查看授权用户权限

show grants for 用户名@"客户端地址"

mysql> show grants for root@192.168.4.2;


撤销root用户在192.168.4.2主机登录的授权权限

mysql> revoke grant option on *.* from root@192.168.4.2


撤销root用户在192.168.4.2主机登录的删除记录和修改记录的权限

mysql> revoke update,delete on *.* from roo


撤销root用户剩于所以的权限

mysql> revoke all  on *.* from root@192.168.4.2;


也可以通过修改表记录的方式撤销用户的权限

mysql> select * from mysql.db where db='bbsdb' and user='bbsuser' and host='192.168.4.3'\G;

修改在对应表中的记录信息

mysql> update  mysql.db set delete_priv="N",Drop_priv="N" where db='bbsdb' and user='bbsuser' and host='192.168.4.3';

mysql> flush privileges;


DBA成长之路---mysql数据库服务基础(三)

标签:默认   ica   权限   daemon   方式   vim   sel   ace   nbsp   

原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/13558754/2057476

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