2018-01-03@望京
排序,立即想到用Python的内置函数sorted()
Python 2.x 中 sorted(...) sorted(iterable, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) --> new sorted list Python 3.x 中 sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False) Return a new list containing all items from the iterable in ascending order. A custom key function can be supplied to customise the sort order, and the reverse flag can be set to request the result in descending order.
字典按key排序
>>> dic = {‘a‘:9, ‘c‘:3, ‘f‘:12, ‘b‘:1, ‘d‘:7} >>> >>> sorted(dic) [‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘, ‘d‘, ‘f‘] >>> >>> sorted(dic.keys()) [‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘, ‘d‘, ‘f‘] >>> >>> sorted(dic.values()) [1, 3, 7, 9, 12] >>> >>> sorted(dic.items()) [(‘a‘, 9), (‘b‘, 1), (‘c‘, 3), (‘d‘, 7), (‘f‘, 12)] >>> >>> for k in sorted(dic): ... print dic[k] ... 9 1 3 7 12 >>>
字典是无序的,对字典排序本身是一个没有太大意义的事,但是面试的时候总会遇到==‘‘
那么问题来了,如何对字典按照value排序呢(默认是对key进行排序)?
首先需要知道sorted()这个函数的几个参数的意思(按照Python 3.x来说明):
- iterable 指的是可迭代对象,可以是dic,dic.items(), dic.keys(), dic.values() 等等;
- key key对应一个函数,用来选取参与比较的元素;
- reverse 排序规则. reverse = True 或者 reverse = False(默认值);
使用key参数来实现
items()方法将字典的元素 转化为了元组
>>> dic {‘a‘: 9, ‘c‘: 3, ‘b‘: 1, ‘d‘: 7, ‘f‘: 12} >>> dic.items() [(‘a‘, 9), (‘c‘, 3), (‘b‘, 1), (‘d‘, 7), (‘f‘, 12)] >>> >>> sorted(dic.items()) [(‘a‘, 9), (‘b‘, 1), (‘c‘, 3), (‘d‘, 7), (‘f‘, 12)] >>> >>> sorted(dic.items(), key=lambda x:x[1]) [(‘b‘, 1), (‘c‘, 3), (‘d‘, 7), (‘a‘, 9), (‘f‘, 12)] >>>
使用zip来实现
>>> dic {‘a‘: 9, ‘c‘: 3, ‘b‘: 1, ‘d‘: 7, ‘f‘: 12} >>> >>> new_dic = zip(dic.values(), dic.keys()) >>> >>> new_dic [(9, ‘a‘), (3, ‘c‘), (1, ‘b‘), (7, ‘d‘), (12, ‘f‘)] >>> >>> sorted(new_dic) [(1, ‘b‘), (3, ‘c‘), (7, ‘d‘), (9, ‘a‘), (12, ‘f‘)] >>>