标签:json
最近用到JSON,查阅整理了一下。有点长。。。不割
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。它基于JavaScript(Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999)的一个子集。 JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式,但是也使用了类似于C语言家族的习惯(包括C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python等)。这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成。(官方网站http://www.json.org)
JSON 语法是 JavaScript 语法的子集。
JSON语法的规则就是:使用大括号‘ { } ‘,中括号‘ [ ] ‘,逗号‘ ,‘,冒号‘ :‘,双引号‘ “ ” ‘。
JSON 值可以是:数字(整数或浮点数)、字符串(在双引号中)、逻辑值(true 或 false)、数组(在方括号中)、对象(在花括号中)、null 。
JSON 数据的书写格式是:名称 / 值对。
名称/值对组合中的名称写在前面(在双引号中),值对写在后面(同样在双引号中),中间用冒号隔开:
"firstName":"John"这很容易理解,等价于这条 JavaScript 语句:
firstName="John"
例子:表示人的一个对象:
{ "姓名":"大憨", "年龄":24 }
{ "学生": [ {"姓名":"小明","年龄":23}, {"姓名":"大憨","年龄":24} ] }
名称 / 值对
{"firstName":"Brett"}
这个示例非常基本,而且实际上比等效的纯文本"名称 / 值对"占用更多的空间:firstName=Brett
{"firstName":"Brett","lastName":"McLaughlin","email":"aaaa"}
表示数组
{ "people":[ {"firstName":"Brett","lastName":"McLaughlin","email":"aaaa"}, {"firstName":"Jason","lastName":"Hunter","email":"bbbb"}, {"firstName":"Elliotte","lastName":"Harold","email":"cccc"} ] }这不难理解。在这个示例中,只有一个名为 people的变量,值是包含三个条目的数组,每个条目是一个人的记录,其中包含名、姓和电子邮件地址。上面的示例演示如何用括号将记录组合成一个值。当然,可以使用相同的语法表示多个值(每个值包含多个记录):
{"programmers":[ {"firstName":"Brett","lastName":"McLaughlin","email":"aaaa"}, {"firstName":"Jason","lastName":"Hunter","email":"bbbb"}, {"firstName":"Elliotte","lastName":"Harold","email":"cccc"} ], "authors":[ {"firstName":"Isaac","lastName":"Asimov","genre":"sciencefiction"}, {"firstName":"Tad","lastName":"Williams","genre":"fantasy"}, {"firstName":"Frank","lastName":"Peretti","genre":"christianfiction"} ], "musicians":[ {"firstName":"Eric","lastName":"Clapton","instrument":"guitar"}, {"firstName":"Sergei","lastName":"Rachmaninoff","instrument":"piano"} ]}
赋值给变量
var people={"programmers":[{"firstName":"Brett","lastName":"McLaughlin","email":"aaaa"}, {"firstName":"Jason","lastName":"Hunter","email":"bbbb"}, {"firstName":"Elliotte","lastName":"Harold","email":"cccc"} ], "authors":[ {"firstName":"Isaac","lastName":"Asimov","genre":"sciencefiction"}, {"firstName":"Tad","lastName":"Williams","genre":"fantasy"}, {"firstName":"Frank","lastName":"Peretti","genre":"christianfiction"} ], "musicians":[ {"firstName":"Eric","lastName":"Clapton","instrument":"guitar"}, {"firstName":"Sergei","lastName":"Rachmaninoff","instrument":"piano"} ]}
访问数据
尽管看起来不明显,但是上面的长字符串实际上只是一个数组;将这个数组放进 JavaScript变量之后,就可以很轻松地访问它。实际上,只需用点号表示法来表示数组元素。所以,要想访问 programmers 列表的第一个条目的姓氏,只需在 JavaScript 中使用下面这样的代码:people.programmers[0].lastName;
people.authors[1].genre//Valueis"fantasy" people.musicians[3].lastName//Undefined.Thisreferstothefourthentry,andthereisn'tone people.programmers[2].firstName//Valueis"Elliotte"
修改数据
正如可以用点号和方括号访问数据,也可以按照同样的方式轻松地修改数据:people.musicians[1].lastName="Rachmaninov";
换回字符串
XML和JSON都使用结构化方法来标记数据,下面来做一个简单的比较。
用XML表示中国部分省市数据如下:
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> <country> <name>中国</name> <province> <name>黑龙江</name> <cities> <city>哈尔滨</city> <city>大庆</city> </cities> </province> <province> <name>广东</name> <cities> <city>广州</city> <city>深圳</city> <city>珠海</city> </cities> </province> <province> <name>台湾</name> <cities> <city>台北</city> <city>高雄</city> </cities> </province> <province> <name>新疆</name> <cities> <city>乌鲁木齐</city> </cities> </province> </country>用JSON表示如下:
{ "name": "中国", "province": [ { "name": "黑龙江", "cities": { "city": ["哈尔滨","大庆"] } }, { "name": "广东", "cities": { "city": ["广州","深圳","珠海"] } }, { "name": "台湾", "cities": { "city": ["台北","高雄"] } }, { "name": "新疆", "cities": { "city": ["乌鲁木齐"] } } ] }
编码的可读性,xml有明显的优势,毕竟人类的语言更贴近这样的说明结构。json读起来更像一个数据块,读起来就比较费解了。不过,我们读起来费解的语言,恰恰是适合机器阅读,所以通过json的索引.province[0].name就能够读取“黑龙江”这个值。
编码的手写难度来说,xml还是舒服一些,好读当然就好写。不过写出来的字符JSON就明显少很多。去掉空白制表以及换行的话,JSON就是密密麻麻的有用数据,而xml却包含很多重复的标记字符。
跟XML相比,JSON简洁明了,操作方便,JSON和XML都是基于文本的,两者都使用Unicode编码。JSON和XML都很容易阅读。主观上,JSON更清晰,冗余更少。XML适合标记文档(配置文件),JSON更适合数据交换。
JSON本来就是JS的一个子集,所以可以使用JS的解释器
<script> var my_json='{"FBI":[{"name":"rose","age":"25"},{"name":"jack","age":"25"}],"NBA":[{"name":"tom","sex":"man"},{"name":"jack","sex":"women"}]}'; var my_object=eval('('+my_json+')'); document.writeln(my_object.FBI[1].name); </script>上面的代码也可省略属性的双引号
var my_json='{FBI:[{name:"rose",age:"25"},{name:"jack",age:"25"}],NBA:[{name:"tom",sex:"man"},{name:"jack",sex:"women"}]}';
需要下载json.js(http://www.json.org/json.js)
<script src="json.js"></script> <script> var my_object={ FBI:[ {name:"rose",age:"25"}, {name:"jack",age:"25"} ], NBA:[ {name:"tom",sex:"man"}, {name:"jack",sex:"women"} ] }; document.writeln(my_object.toJSONString()); </script>
(需要下载json.org提供的JAVA类,json.zip[http://www.json.org/java/json.zip])
package away; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.FileWriter; import org.json.JSONObject; import org.json.XML; public class XMl2JSON { public static void main(String[] args) { BufferedReader buffRed=null; BufferedWriter buffWri=null; try{ //将XML转换成JSON String fileName1="away.xml"; buffRed=new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName1)); String tempStr; StringBuffer xmlStrBuff=new StringBuffer(); while((tempStr=buffRed.readLine())!=null) xmlStrBuff.append(tempStr); System.out.println("JSON str="+XML.toJSONObject(xmlStrBuff.toString())); //将JSON转换成XML String jsonStr="{Heros:{FBI:[{name:\"rose\",age:\"25\"},{name:\"jack\",age:\"25\"}],NBA:[{name:\"tom\",sex:\"man\"},{name:\"jack\",sex:\"women\"}]}};"; String fileName2="myxml.xml"; buffWri=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(fileName2)); JSONObject jsonObj=new JSONObject(jsonStr); buffWri.write("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"GBK\"?>"); buffWri.newLine(); buffWri.write("<!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM \"http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd\">"); buffWri.newLine(); buffWri.write(XML.toString(jsonObj)); buffWri.flush(); System.out.println("run end!"); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ try{ if(buffRed!=null) buffRed.close(); if(buffWri!=null) buffWri.close(); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } }xml文件内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?> <!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"> <properties> <entry key="no">away</entry> <entry key="name">HELLO_AWAY</entry> </properties>
输出结果:
JSON str={"properties":{"entry":[{"key":"no","content":"away"},{"key":"name","content":"HELLO_AWAY"}]}}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?> <!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"> <Heros><NBA><sex>man</sex><name>tom</name></NBA><NBA><sex>women</sex><name>jack</name></NBA><FBI><age>25</age><name>rose</name></FBI><FBI><age>25</age><name>jack</name></FBI></Heros>
//在响应的程序中输入返回的值: out.println("{FBI:[{name:\"rose\",age:\"25\"},{name:\"jack\",age:\"25\"}],NBA:[{name:\"tom\",sex:\"man\"},{name:\"jack\",sex:\"women\"}]}"); //在页面上(点确定页面上会显示jack) <script language="javascript" src="js/prototype.js"></script> <input type="button" onclick="loadInfo()" value="确定"/> <script> function loadInfo(){ new Ajax.Request("hello",{ onComplete:function(req){ var res=eval("("+req.responseText+")"); $('mydiv').innerHTML=res.FBI[1].name; } } ); } </script> <div id="mydiv"></div>
package callCenterServer; import java.util.ArrayList; import org.json.JSONArray; import org.json.JSONObject; public class Test { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ ArrayList<Area> areas=new ArrayList<Area>(); areas.add(new Test.Area("福建","福州")); areas.add(new Test.Area("福建","厦门")); areas.add(new Test.Area("福建","泉州")); areas.add(new Test.Area("四川","成都")); areas.add(new Test.Area("四川","攀枝花")); JSONObject jsonObject=new JSONObject(); for(Test.Area area:areas){ if(jsonObject.has(area.province)){ JSONArray jsonArray=(JSONArray)jsonObject.get(area.province); jsonArray.put(area.city); }else{ JSONArray jsonArray=new JSONArray(); jsonArray.put(area.city); jsonObject.put(area.province, jsonArray); } } System.out.println(jsonObject); } static class Area{ private final String province; private final String city; Area(String province,String city){ this.province=province; this.city=city; } } }输出:{"四川":["成都","攀枝花"],"福建":["福州","厦门","泉州"]}
(1)JSON的数据结构只有两种;
(2)可以嵌套表示,比如Array中可以嵌套Object等;
(3)记住:Object是以{}表示,Array是以[ ]表示;
------------------------------------整理:Away-----------------------------------------------------
标签:json
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/ycwol/article/details/39369867