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密码恢复及设置,用户授权及撤销,MySQL管理工具

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密码恢复及设置

1.1 问题

本案例要求熟悉MySQL管理密码的控制,完成以下任务操作:

  1. 练习重置MySQL管理密码的操作
  2. 通过正常途径设置MySQL数据库的管理密码

1.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:重置MySQL管理密码

1)首先停止已运行的MySQL服务程序

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld.service         //停止服务
  2. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service      //确认状态
  3. mysqld.service - MySQL Server
  4. Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled)
  5. Active: inactive (dead) since 五 2017-04-07 23:01:38 CST; 21s ago
  6. Docs: man:mysqld(8)
  7. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  8. Process: 20260 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  9. Process: 20238 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  10. Main PID: 20262 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

2)然后跳过授权表启动MySQL服务程序

这一步主要利用mysqld的 --skip-grant-tables选项

修改my.cnf配置,添加 skip_grant_tables=1启动设置:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. skip_grant_tables=1
  4. .. ..
  5. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
  6. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# service mysql status
  7. mysqld.service - MySQL Server
  8. Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled)
  9. Active: active (running) since 五 2017-04-07 23:40:20 CST; 40s ago
  10. Docs: man:mysqld(8)
  11. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  12. Process: 11698 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  13. Process: 11676 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  14. Main PID: 11701 (mysqld)
  15. CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
  16. └─11701 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.p...

3)使用mysql命令连接到MySQL服务,重设root的密码

由于前一步启动的MySQL服务跳过了授权表,所以可以root从本机直接登录

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root
  2. Enter password: //直接回车即可
  3. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MySQL connection id is 4
  5. Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  7. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  8. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  9. owners.
  10. Type ‘help;‘ or \hfor help. Type \c‘ to clear the current input statement.
  11. mysql>

进入 mysql> 环境后,通过修改mysql库中user表的相关记录,重设root用户从本机登录的密码:

  1. mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD(‘1234567‘)
  2. -> WHERE user=‘root‘ AND host=‘localhost‘;             //重设root的密码
  3. Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  4. Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
  5. mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                 //刷新授权表
  6. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
  7. mysql> exit                                             //退出mysql> 环境
  8. Bye

通过执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”可使授权表立即生效,对于正常运行的MySQL服务,也可以用上述方法来修改密码,不用重启服务。本例中因为是恢复密码,最好重启MySQL服务程序,所以上述“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作可跳过。

4)重新以正常方式启动MySQL服务程序,验证新密码

如果前面是修改/etc/my.cnf配置的方法来跳过授权表,则重置root密码后,应去除相应的设置以恢复正常:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. #skip_grant_tables=1                             //注释掉或删除此行
  4. .. ..

按正常方式,通过mysql脚本重启服务即可:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

验证无密码登录时,将会被拒绝:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root
  2. Enter password: //没有跳过授权表回车会报错
  3. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)

只有提供重置后的新密码,才能成功登入:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root –p
  2. Enter password:
  3. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MySQL connection id is 4
  5. Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  7. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  8. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  9. owners.
  10. Type ‘help;‘ or \hfor help. Type \c‘ to clear the current input statement.
  11. mysql>

步骤二:正常设置MySQL管理密码

正常的前提是:已知当前MySQL管理用户(root)的密码。

1)方法1,在Shell命令行下设置

使用mysqladmin管理工具,需要验证旧的密码。比如,以下操作将会把root的密码设置为 1234567:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p password ‘1234567‘                    
  2. Enter password: //验证原来的密码
  3. mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  4. Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety. //提示明文修改不安全,并不是报错

2)方法2,以root登入mysql> 后,使用SET PASSWORD指令设置

这个与新安装MySQL-server后首次修改密码时要求的方式相同,平时也可以用:

  1. mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD(‘1234567‘);
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

3)方法3,以root登入mysql> 后,使用GRANT授权工具设置

这个是最常见的用户授权方式(下一节会做更多授权的练习):

  1. mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘1234567‘;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

4)方法4,以root登入mysql> 后,使用UPDATE更新相应的表记录

这种方法与恢复密码时的操作相同:

  1. mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD(‘1234567‘)
  2. -> WHERE user=‘root‘ AND host=‘localhost‘;         //重设root的密码
  3. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  4. Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
  5. mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                 //刷新授权表
  6. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

在上述方法中,需要特别注意:当MySQL服务程序以 skip-grant-tables 选项启动时,如果未执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作,是无法通过SET PASSWORD或者GRANT方式来设置密码的。比如,验证这两种方式时,都会看到ERROR 1290的出错提示:

  1. mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD(‘1234567‘);
  2. ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
  3. mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘1234567‘;
  4. ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement

2 用户授权及撤销

2.1 问题

  1. 允许root从192.168.4.0/24网段 访问,对所有库/表有完全权限,密码为tarena
  2. 添加一个管理账号dba007,完全控制及授权
  3. 撤销root从本机访问的权限,然后恢复
  4. 允许webuser从任意客户机登录,只对webdb库有完全权限,密码为 888888
  5. 撤销webuser的完全权限,改为查询权限

2.2 方案

使用2台RHEL 7虚拟机,如图-1所示。其中192.168.4.10是MySQL服务器,授权及撤销操作均在此服务器上执行;而192.168.4.120作为测试客户机,需要安装好MySQL-client软件包,以便提供mysql命令。

技术分享图片

图-1

同时,MySQL服务器本身(192.168.4.10)也可以作为测试客户机。

2.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:用户授权及撤销

1)允许root从192.168.4.0/24访问,对所有库表有完全权限,密码为tarena。

授权之前,从192.168.4.0/24网段的客户机访问时,将会被拒绝:

  1. [root@host120 ~]# mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.4.10
  2. Enter password:                                 //输入正确的密码
  3. ERROR 2003 (HY000): Host ‘192.168.4.120‘ is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server

授权操作,此处可设置与从localhost访问时不同的密码:

  1. mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@‘192.168.4.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘tarena‘;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

再次从192.168.4.0/24网段的客户机访问时,输入正确的密码后可登入:

  1. [root@host120 ~]# mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.4.10
  2. Enter password:
  3. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MySQL connection id is 20
  5. Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  7. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  8. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  9. owners.
  10. Type ‘help;‘ or \hfor help. Type \c‘ to clear the current input statement.
  11. mysql>

从网络登入后,测试新建一个库、查看所有库:

  1. mysql> CREATE DATABASE rootdb;                 //创建新库rootdb
  2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
  3. mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
  4. +--------------------+
  5. | Database |
  6. +--------------------+
  7. | information_schema |
  8. | home |
  9. | mysql |
  10. | performance_schema |
  11. | rootdb | //新建的rootdb库
  12. | sys |
  13. | userdb |
  14. +--------------------+
  15. 7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2)在Mysql服务器上建立一个管理账号dba007,对所有库完全控制,并赋予其授权的权限

新建账号并授权:

  1. mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO dba007@localhost
  2. -> IDENTIFIED BY ‘1234567‘
  3. -> WITH GRANT OPTION;
  4. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看dba007的权限:

  1. mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR dba007@localhost;
  2. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
  3. | Grants for dba007@localhost |
  4. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
  5. | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘dba007‘@‘localhost‘ WITH GRANT OPTION |
  6. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3)撤销root从本机访问的权限,然后恢复

注意:如果没有事先建立其他管理账号,请不要轻易撤销root用户的本地访问权限,否则恢复起来会比较困难,甚至不得不重装数据库。

撤销root对数据库的操作权限:

  1. mysql> REVOKE all ON *.* FROM root@localhost;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  3. mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR root@localhost;
  4. +--------------------------------------------------------------+
  5. | Grants for root@localhost |
  6. +--------------------------------------------------------------+
  7. | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ WITH GRANT OPTION |
  8. | GRANT PROXY ON ‘‘@‘‘ TO ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ WITH GRANT OPTION |
  9. +--------------------------------------------------------------+
  10. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

验证撤销后的权限效果:

  1. mysql> exit                                     //退出当前MySQL连接
  2. Bye
  3. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root -p                 //重新以root从本地登入
  4. Enter password:
  5. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  6. Your MySQL connection id is 6
  7. Server version: 5.6.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  8. Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  9. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  10. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  11. owners.
  12. Type ‘help;‘ or \hfor help. Type \c‘ to clear the current input statement.
  13. mysql> CREATE DATABASE newdb2014;                 //尝试新建库失败
  14. ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ to database ‘newdb2014‘
  15. mysql> DROP DATABASE rootdb;                         //尝试删除库失败
  16. ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ to database ‘rootdb‘

尝试以当前的root用户恢复权限,也会失败(无权更新授权表):

  1. mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘1234567‘;
  2. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: YES)

怎么办呢?

退出当前MySQL连接,以上一步添加的管理账号dba007登入:

  1. mysql> exit                                         //退出当前MySQL连接
  2. Bye
  3. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u dba007 -p                 //以另一个管理账号登入
  4. Enter password:
  5. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  6. Your MySQL connection id is 24
  7. Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  8. Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  9. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  10. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  11. owners.
  12. Type ‘help;‘ or \hfor help. Type \c‘ to clear the current input statement.

由管理账号dba007重新为root添加本地访问权限:

  1. mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘1234567‘;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  3. mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR root@localhost;             //查看恢复结果
  4. +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  5. | Grants for root@localhost |
  6. +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  7. | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ WITH GRANT OPTION |
  8. | GRANT PROXY ON ‘‘@‘‘ TO ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ WITH GRANT OPTION |
  9. +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  10. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

退出,再重新以root登入,测试一下看看,权限又恢复了吧:

  1. mysql> exit                                     //退出当前MySQL连接
  2. Bye
  3. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root -p                 //重新以root登入
  4. Enter password:
  5. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  6. Your MySQL connection id is 25
  7. Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  8. Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  9. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  10. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  11. owners.
  12. Type ‘help;‘ or \hfor help. Type \c‘ to clear the current input statement.
  13. mysql> CREATE DATABASE newdb2014;                 //成功创建新库
  14. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

4)允许webuser从任意客户机登录,只对webdb库有完全权限,密码为 888888

添加授权:

  1. mysql> GRANT all ON webdb.* TO webuser@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘888888‘;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看授权结果:

  1. mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR webuser@‘%‘;
  2. +----------------------------------------------------+
  3. | Grants for webuser@% |
  4. +----------------------------------------------------+
  5. | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘webuser‘@‘%‘ |
  6. | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `webdb`.* TO ‘webuser‘@‘%‘ |
  7. +----------------------------------------------------+
  8. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5)撤销webuser的完全权限,改为查询权限

撤销所有权限:

  1. mysql> REVOKE all ON webdb.* FROM webuser@‘%‘;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

只赋予查询权限:

  1. mysql> GRANT select ON webdb.* TO webuser@‘%‘;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

确认授权更改结果:

  1. mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR webuser@‘%‘;
  2. +--------------------------------------------+
  3. | Grants for webuser@% |
  4. +--------------------------------------------+
  5. | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘webuser‘@‘%‘ |
  6. | GRANT SELECT ON `webdb`.* TO ‘webuser‘@‘%‘ |
  7. +--------------------------------------------+
  8. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3 数据备份与恢复

3.1 问题

本案例要求熟悉MySQL的备份与恢复,完成以下任务操作:

  1. 使用mysqldump备份数据库
  2. 使用mysql 恢复数据库

3.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:使用mysqldump进行逻辑备份

1)备份MySQL服务器上的所有库

将所有的库备份为mysql-all.sql文件:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > /root/alldb.sql
  2. Enter password:                                 //验证口令
  3. [root@dbsvr1 mysql]# file /root/alldb.sql         //确认备份文件类型
  4. /root/alldb.sql: UTF-8 Unicode English text, with very long lines

查看备份文件alldb.sql的部分内容:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# grep -vE ‘^/|^-|^$‘ /root/alldb.sql | head -15
  2. CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `home` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
  3. USE `home`;
  4. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `biao01`;
  5. CREATE TABLE `biao01` (
  6. `id` int(2) NOT NULL,
  7. `name` varchar(8) DEFAULT NULL
  8. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
  9. LOCK TABLES `biao01` WRITE;
  10. UNLOCK TABLES;
  11. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `biao02`;
  12. CREATE TABLE `biao02` (
  13. `id` int(4) NOT NULL,
  14. `name` varchar(8) DEFAULT NULL,
  15. PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
  16. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
  17. .. ..

注意:若数据库都使用MyISAM存储引擎,可以采用冷备份的方式,直接复制对应的数据库目录即可;恢复时重新复制回来就行。

2)只备份指定的某一个库

将userdb库备份为userdb.sql文件:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p userdb > userdb.sql
  2. Enter password:                                 //验证口令

查看备份文件userdb.sql的部分内容:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# grep -vE ‘^/|^-|^$‘ /root/userdb.sql
  2. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stu_info`;
  3. CREATE TABLE `stu_info` (
  4. `name` varchar(12) NOT NULL,
  5. `gender` enum(‘boy‘,‘girl‘) DEFAULT ‘boy‘,
  6. `age` int(3) NOT NULL
  7. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
  8. LOCK TABLES `stu_info` WRITE;
  9. .. ..

3)同时备份指定的多个库

同时备份mysql、userdb库,保存为mysql+userdb.sql文件:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p -B mysql userdb > mysql+test+userdb.sql
  2. Enter password:                                 //验证口令

查看备份文件userdb.sql的部分内容:

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# grep ‘^CREATE DATA‘ /root/mysql+userdb.sql
  2. CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `mysql` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
  3. CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `userdb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

步骤二:使用mysql命令从备份中恢复数据库、表

以恢复userdb库为例,可参考下列操作。通常不建议直接覆盖旧库,而是采用建立新库并导入逻辑备份的方式执行恢复,待新库正常后即可废弃或删除旧库。

1)创建名为userdb2的新库

  1. mysql> CREATE DATABASE userdb2;
  2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

2)导入备份文件,在新库中重建表及数据

  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root -p userdb2 < /root/userdb.sql
  2. Enter password:                                 //验证口令

3)确认新库正常,启用新库

  1. mysql> USE userdb2;                             //切换到新库
  2. Reading table information for completion of table and column names
  3. You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
  4. Database changed
  5. mysql> SELECT sn,username,uid,gid,homedir         //查询数据,确认可用
  6. -> FROM userlist LIMIT 10;
  7. +----+----------+-----+-----+-----------------+
  8. | sn | username | uid | gid | homedir |
  9. +----+----------+-----+-----+-----------------+
  10. | 1 | root | 0 | 0 | /root |
  11. | 2 | bin | 1 | 1 | /bin |
  12. | 3 | daemon | 2 | 2 | /sbin |
  13. | 4 | adm | 3 | 4 | /var/adm |
  14. | 5 | lp | 4 | 7 | /var/spool/lpd |
  15. | 6 | sync | 5 | 0 | /sbin |
  16. | 7 | shutdown | 6 | 0 | /sbin |
  17. | 8 | halt | 7 | 0 | /sbin |
  18. | 9 | mail | 8 | 12 | /var/spool/mail |
  19. | 10 | operator | 11 | 0 | /root |
  20. +----+----------+-----+-----+-----------------+
  21. 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4)废弃或删除旧库

  1. mysql> DROP DATABASE userdb;
  2. Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.09 sec)

4 MySQL管理工具

4.1 问题

本案例要求基于LAMP平台部署一套phpMyAdmin应用系统,实现对MySQL服务器的Web方式管理。

4.2 方案

使用2台RHEL6虚拟机 + 1台Windows 7真机,如图-2所示。其中192.168.4.10是MySQL服务器,授权操作在此服务器上执行;另一台Linux服务器192.168.4.6上部 署phpMyAdmin管理平台,实现从浏览器访问的Web管理方式。

技术分享图片

图-2

4.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:在MySQL服务器上配置用户访问授权

为了实验方便起见,直接以root用户为例,允许其从192.168.4.0/24网段访问,密码设置为1234567。

  1. mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@‘192.168.4.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘1234567‘;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

步骤二:搭建phpMyAdmin管理平台(192.168.4.6)

phpMyAdmin是以PHP语言开发的一套用来管理MySQL数据库的网页程序,因此需要有支持PHP的网站服务器才能正常使用phpMyAdmin平台。

1)LAMP平台的简易部署

直接以yum方式安装httpd、mysql、php、php-mysql软件包,本例中只需要MySQl客户端程序,无需安装mysql-server:

  1. [root@dbsvr ~]# yum -y install httpd mariadb php php-mysql
  2. .. ..

由于RHEL 7未提供php-mbsring包,而phpMyAdmin套件需要相关库文件,因此需要额外下载适用的RPM包(由教员提供),安装时忽略依赖关系即可:

  1. [root@dbsvr ~]# rpm -ivh php-mbstring-5.3.3-26.el6.x86_64.rpm -nodeps
  2. .. ..

完成安装以后,对httpd服务配置稍作调整,启动httpd网站服务:

  1. [root@dbsvr ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  2. ServerName localhost.localdomain
  3. .. ..
  4. DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
  5. .. ..
  6. [root@dbsvr ~]# systemctl restart httpd

2)下载、部署phpMyAdmin套件

访问http://www.phpmyadmin.net/,下载支持多语言的源码程序包phpMyAdmin-4.1.2-all-languages.zip。

将下载回来的源码包解压,并部署到网站目录:

  1. [root@dbsvr ~]# unzip phpMyAdmin-4.1.2-all-languages.zip
  2. [root@dbsvr ~]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.1.2-all-languages /var/www/html/pma

切换到部署后的pma程序目录,拷贝配置文件,并修改配置以正确指定MySQL服务器的IP地址。

  1. [root@dbsvr ~]# cd /var/www/html/pma/
  2. [root@dbsvr pma]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
  3. [root@dbsvr pma]# vim config.inc.php
  4. <?php
  5. .. ..
  6. $cfg[‘blowfish_secret’]=’tarena’; //在单引号里随意添加字符,如果不修改这项,会报错【配置文件现在需要绝密的短语密码(blowfish_secret)】。
  7. .. ..
  8. $cfg[‘Servers‘][$i][‘host‘] = ‘192.168.4.10‘;
  9. .. ..
  10. ?>

3)从浏览器访问phpMyAdmin系统

在Windows 7客户机中,打开IE网页浏览器,访问部署了phpMyAdmin系统的网站http://192.168.4.6/pma/index.php,即可打 开phpMyAdmin管理平台。如图-3所示,输入正确的数据库用户名(如root)及密码登入即可。

技术分享图片

图-3

登入成功后,如图-4所示,即可在授权范围内对MySQL数据库进行管理。

技术分享图片

密码恢复及设置,用户授权及撤销,MySQL管理工具

标签:form   spec   sql命令   ade   down   let   str   daemonize   roo   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoren112/p/8318702.html

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