标签:tab 主机名 客户端 没有权限 有用 example use 忽略 select
9.8创建Mysql用户及赋予用户权限9.8.1通过help查看grant命令帮助
1.通过在mysql中输入“help grant”得到如下帮助信息。
mysql> help grant;
……省略部分…….
CREATE USER ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘mypass‘;
GRANT ALL ON db1.* TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘;
GRANT SELECT ON db2.invoice TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘;
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘ WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 90;
……省略部分…….
2.运维人员比较常用的创建用户的方法是,使用grant命令在创建用户的同时进行权限授权具体授权例子为:
GRANT ALL ON db1.* TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘mypass‘;
3.上述grant命令帮助里还提供了一个先用create命令创建用户,然后再用Grant授权的方法,即创建用户和授权权限分开进行,列如:
CREATE USER ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘mypass‘;
GRANT ALL ON db1.* TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘;
以上两条命令相当于下面一条命令
GRANT ALL ON db1.* TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘mypass‘;
9.8.2 通过grant命令创建用户并授权
1.Grant命令简单语法如下
Grant all privileges on dbname.* to username@localhost identified by ‘passwd’;
2.列表说明
3.案例:创建用户zhangsan,对test库具备所有权限,允许从localhost主机登录管理数据库,密码是zhangsan123。
实现上述操作的具体命令为
mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to ‘zhangsan‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘zhangsan123‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
检查授权用户zhangsan的具体权限
mysql> show grants for ‘zhangsan‘@‘localhost‘;
Grants for zhangsan@localhost
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘zhangsan‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*7E72D61D7B957897AA8ECED9A9397B649BE3B546‘ |
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO ‘zhangsan‘@‘localhost‘
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
9.8.3 Create和grant配合法
1.首先创建用户username及密码passwd,授权主机localhost。
CREATE USER ‘username‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘passwd‘;
mysql> create user ‘lisi‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘kisi123‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show grants for ‘lisi‘@‘localhost‘;
Grants for lisi@localhost GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘lisi‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*686008E0BFD16925072B84AA099EB5BC8375C35B‘
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
默认权限是USAGE,及连接的权限,因为此时还没有权限。
2.然后授权localhost主机上通过用户username管理test数据库的所有权限,无需密码。
mysql> grant all on test.* to ‘lisi‘@‘localhost‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for ‘lisi‘@‘localhost‘;
Grants for lisi@localhost
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘lisi‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*686008E0BFD16925072B84AA099EB5BC8375C35B‘
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO ‘lisi‘@‘localhost‘
提示:可以看到默认权限是usage即连接的权限,后面又增加了ALL权限。
9.8.4 授权局域网内主机远程连接数据库
根据grant命令的语法我们知道,test@localhost位置为授权访问数据库的主机,localhost可以用域名,IP地址或者IP段来替代,因此要授权局域网内主机可以通过如下方法来实现。
a.百分号匹配法
system@ceshi 01:5945->grant all privileges on test.* to ‘zbf‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ identified by ‘zbf123‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
system@ceshi 01:5950->show grants for ‘zbf‘@‘192.168.1.%‘;
Grants for zbf@192.168.1.%
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘zbf‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*E2190B1F46FD9E171DD25B61138EA7F4F4D82B8C‘
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO ‘zbf‘@‘192.168.1.%‘
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
system@ceshi 02:0023->flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
b.子网掩码配置法
system@ceshi 02:3013->grant all privileges on test.* to ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘ identified by ‘wwn520‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
system@ceshi 02:3127->flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
通过mysql客户端连接异地数据库服务:
1.本地mysql –uroot –pzbf666连接数据库相当于mysql –uroot –pzbf666 –h localhost
2.要远程连接192.168.1.108的数据库,命令为 mysql -uwwn -pwwn520 -h 192.168.1.108
3.通过php服务器连接mysql服务器的代码写法为
<?php
//$link_id=mysql_connect(‘主机名‘,‘用户‘,‘密码‘);
$link_id=mysql_connect(‘192.168.1.108‘,‘wwn‘,‘wwn123‘);
if($link_id){
echo "mysql successful by wwn";
}else{
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
9.8.5 MySQL用户可以授权的权限有哪些?
通过实验获得ALL PRIVILEGES包括哪些权限
1.先看看有哪些用户
system@ceshi 03:3751->select user,host from mysql.user;
+--------+---------------------------+
| user | host |
+--------+---------------------------+
| zbf| 192.168.1.% |
| wwn| 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 |
| system | localhost |
+--------+---------------------------+
2.看看授权过的wwn的权限
system@ceshi 03:3920->show grants for ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘;
| Grants for wwn@192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*C9CE90EB588AA17159BB7C612DC7B34259AC0816‘ |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘
注意这个地方的test
.,我们后面取消只读权限的时候也这样写成test
.
这时候查看还是ALL PRIVILEGES权限,没有细分。
3.取消wwn的只读权限(SELECT)。
(1) 先看一下帮助,帮助里面提供了语法,revoke在sql语言介绍那节已经提到过了,意思是取消授权。
system@ceshi 03:4001->help revoke
……省略……….
The REVOKE statement enables system administrators to revoke privileges
from MySQL accounts. Each account name uses the format described in
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/account-names.html.For example:
REVOKE INSERT ON *.* FROM ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘;
If you specify only the user name part of the account name, a host name
part of ‘%‘ is used.
……省略……
(2) 取消授权,将ALL PRIVILEGES权限细分。
system@ceshi 03:4909->REVOKE INSERT ON test.* FROM ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
system@ceshi 03:5216->flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(3)再查看一下用户wwn的权限就已经被细分了。
system@ceshi 03:5224->show grants for ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘;
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*C9CE90EB588AA17159BB7C612DC7B34259AC0816‘
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER ON `test`.* TO ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
提示:此时wwn用户的权限,ALL PRIVILEGES权限已经被细分了。按照下面的步骤我们可以更加清楚的知道ALL PRIVILEGES的权限包括哪些内容。
(1) 我们用-e 不登录mysql数据库直接查看用户wwn有哪些权限
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -usystem -pzbf666 -e "show grants for ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘;"|grep -i grant|tail -1
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER ON `test`.* TO ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘
(2) 查看用户wwn有哪些权限之后,我们要把有用的筛选出来。grep的-i参数是忽略大小写的意思。
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -usystem -pzbf666 -e "show grants for ‘wwn‘@‘192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0‘;"|grep -i grant|tail -1|tr ‘,‘ ‘\n‘>all1.txt
(3) 好我们查看一下过滤的内容,下面内容就是用户wwn所具有的所有权限。
[root@localhost ~]# cat all1.txt -n
1 SELECT
2 UPDATE
3 INSERT
4 DELETE
5 CREATE
6 DROP
7 REFERENCES
8 INDEX
9 ALTER
10 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES
11 LOCK TABLES
12 EXECUTE
13 CREATE VIEW
14 SHOW VIEW
15 CREATE ROUTINE
16 ALTER ROUTINE
17 EVENT
18 TRIGGER ON
注意:在授权时可以授权用户最小的满足业务的权限,而不是一味的授权“ALL PRIVILEGES”
9.8.6 企业环境授权用户权限
1.博客,CMS等产品的数据库授权
对于web连接用户授权尽量采用最小化规则,很多开源软件都是web界面安装,因此,在安装期间除了select,insert,update,delete4个权限外,还需要create,drop等比较危险的权限。
system@ceshi 04:5606->grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on blog.* to ‘blog‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ identified by ‘1b23456‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
system@ceshi 04:5907->flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
常规情况下授权select,insert,update,delete4个权限即可,有的开源软件,列如discuzbbs,还需要create,drop等比较危险的权限。
2.生成数据库表之后,要收回create、drop授权
system@ceshi 04:5925->help revoke
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION
FROM user [, user] ...
REVOKE INSERT ON *.* FROM ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘;
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
system@ceshi 05:1327->REVOKE CREATE,DROP ON blog.* FROM ‘blog‘@‘192.168.1.%‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
system@ceshi 05:1452->flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
system@ceshi 05:1543->show grants for ‘blog‘@‘192.168.1.%‘\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Grants for blog@192.168.1.%: GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘blog‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9‘
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Grants for blog@192.168.1.%: GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `blog`.* TO ‘blog‘@‘192.168.1.%‘
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2018/1/27 0:54:16
Mysql DBA 高级运维学习笔记-创建mysql用户及授权的多种方法实战
标签:tab 主机名 客户端 没有权限 有用 example use 忽略 select
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/10642812/2065696