1.获取二进制安装包
获取二进制格式MariaDB安装包,可去官网下载.
因为是实验环境,所以选择了最新版.
mariadb-10.2.12-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
2.解压
解压到 /usr/local,并给解压出的文件夹创建软连接
]# tar xf mariadb-10.2.12-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ ]# cd /usr/local/ ]# ln -sv mariadb-10.2.12-linux-x86_64/ mysql ]# ll mysql lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jan 23 10:33 mysql -> mariadb-10.2.12-linux-x86_64/
3.创建帐户
为mariaDB创建一个系统用户,属主为root,数组为mysql
]# groupadd -r mysql ]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql mysql:x:985: ]# cd mysql
ll查看发现所有文件的属主属组都只显示id号
针对软连接,要用下面的方式修改其中的文件属性
]# chown -R root:mysql ./* ]# ll total 180 drwxrwxr-x. 2 root mysql 4096 Nov 14 22:34 bin ......
4.准备文档目录
为了管理方便,专门指定并创建几个专用目录
存放数据库的目录/mdata/data
存放配置文件的目录/etc/mysql
]# mkdir -pv /mdata/data
修改这个目录的属主属组为mysql
]# useradd -r mysql -g mysql -s /bin/nologin ]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mdata ]# mkdir /etc/mysql
5.配置文件
mariaDB的主配置文件是/etc/my.cnf.其中include包含了/etc/my.cnf.d这个目录
]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
support-files/目录下有5个针对不同系统内存设置的配置文件模板
]# ls /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-* my-huge.cnf my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-large.cnf my-medium.cnf my-small.cnf
其中
my-small.cnf适用于内存只有64M;
my-medium.cnf适用于内存只有256M;
my-large.cnf适用于内存只有512M;
my-huge.cnf适用于更大内存,如2G、4G;
my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf适用于4G内存;
实验用主机有2g内存,所以使用my-huge.cnf
把my-huge.cnf复制到自定义配置文件目录下并重命名为my.cnf,并在[mysqld]代码块中添加内容
]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf datadir = /mdata/data #指定数据库目录 skip_name_resolve = ON #忽略反解主机名 innodb_file_per_table = ON #开启独立表空间,默认是所有数据库放在同一个文件中,ON的话会把每个数据库单独放一个文件
6.创建数据库文件
必须在/usr/local/mysql目录下操作,否则会报错
]# cd /usr/local/mysql ]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mdata/data --user=mysql
7.创建日志文件
]# touch /var/log/mysqld.log ]# chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
8.准备服务脚本,启动服务
先通过support-files/mysql.server 启动mysql
./support-files/mysql.server start
成功后,通过ps命令查看
]# ps -ef|grep mysql
找到--pid-file=/mdata/data/centos7.qt.pid字样 记住pid路径和名称/mdata/data/centos7.qt.pid
在/usr/lib/systemd/system目录下增新建mysql.service,内容如下
]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service [Unit] Description=Mysql After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/mdata/data/centos7.qt.pid ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID PrivateTmp=false [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target PIDFile=/mdata/data/centos7.qt.pid #就是跟上上面记录的内容
执行重新扫描,加载有变化的单元,使服务生效,之后便可以通过systemctl操作
]# systemctl daemon-reload ]# systemctl start mysql
9.进行安全初始化设置
运行脚本
]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
10.设置环境变量
]# echo ‘PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh ]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
11.启动mysql
]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 19 Server version: 10.2.12-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>