paramiko模块
1. 介绍：
paramiko是一个用于做远程控制的模块，使用该模块可以对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作，值得一说的是，fabric和ansible内部的远程管理就是使用的paramiko来现实。
2. 下载安装
pip3 install paramiko #在python3中
pycrypto，由于 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto，所以先下载安装pycrypto #在python2中 pip3 install pycrypto pip3 install paramiko 注：如果在安装pycrypto2.0.1时发生如下错误 command ‘gcc‘ failed with exit status 1... 可能是缺少python-dev安装包导致 如果gcc没有安装，请事先安装gcc
3. 使用
SSHClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
基于用户名密码连接：
import paramiko # 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname=‘120.92.84.249‘, port=22, username=‘root‘, password=‘xxx‘) # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() print(result.decode(‘utf-8‘)) # 关闭连接 ssh.close()
import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘, 22)) transport.connect(username=‘root‘, password=‘xxx‘) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) res=stdout.read() print(res.decode(‘utf-8‘)) transport.close()
基于公钥密钥连接：
客户端文件名：id_rsa
服务端必须有文件名：authorized_keys(在用ssh-keygen时，必须制作一个authorized_keys,可以用ssh-copy-id来制作)
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘) # 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname=‘120.92.84.249‘, port=22, username=‘root‘, pkey=private_key) # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() print(result.decode(‘utf-8‘)) # 关闭连接 ssh.close()
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘) transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘, 22)) transport.connect(username=‘root‘, pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) result=stdout.read() print(result.decode(‘utf-8‘)) transport.close()
import paramiko from io import StringIO key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEoQIBAAKCAQEAsJmFLrSeCumJvga0Gl5O5wVOVwMIy2MpqIyQPi5J87dg89a4 Da9fczJog7qoSbRwHFOQoCHNphSlp5KPhGsF6RJewkIw9H1UKV4dCOyl/4HOAkAD rKrsEDmrJ9JlzF2GTTZSnTgVQWcvBS2RKB4eM2R9aJ11xV6X2Hk4YDLTExIWeabb h2TUKw0iyjI8pRuYLKkF2X16u9TBwfOTroGYgiNFHQvhsQppbEbI49NF2XkCkFMi 8/7tLjf95InE/VUUq56JqfzyHwdpHou+waXbwtvGgXN3sz+KkuEv6R2qDz06upZV FCZRRpDhzoR8Uh/UEzTGZb8z7FB6EJXUiXJikQIBIwKCAQBBmBuGYFf1bK+BGG7H 9ySe81ecqVsJtx4aCFLVRGScWg4RbQKIvXs5an6XU/VdNGQnx0RYvBkvDvuzRRC8 J8Bd4kB0CfTtGJuaVigKoQp02HEWx1HSa17+tlWD0c4KFBvwywi+DYQ83S64x8gz eOalX9bPFenqORPUD8R7gJeKvPVc6ZTPeorpuH7u9xayP0Eop8qKxZza9Xh3foVj Qo4IxoYnDN57CIRX5PFSlDDggpmr8FtRF4nAxmFq8LhSp05ivzX/Ku1SNHdaMWZO 7va8tISXdLI5m0EGzoVoBvohIbwlxI6kfmamrh6Eas2Jnsc4CLzMsR4jBWt0LHLv /SLnAoGBANaEUf/Jptab9G/xD9W2tw/636i3gLpTPY9KPtCcAxqStNeT6RAWZ5HF lKJg+NKpu3pI45ldAwvts0i+aCZk2xakEWIZWqCmXm31JSPDQTaMGe7H0vOmUaxx ncdpBVdvhMbfFUgei15iKfuafgrKaS9oIkntXEgrC+3wBOI0Gbx3AoGBANLAGxAF TK7ydr+Q1+6/ujs6e8WsXt8HZMa/1khCVSbrf1MgACvZPSSSrDpVwaDTSjlRI4AL bb0l0RFU+/0caMiHilscuJdz9Fdd9Ux4pjROZa3TF5CFhvP7PsZAoxOo+yqJg4zr 996GG/aAv4M8lQJ2rDFk/Dgn5y/AaAun1oM3AoGAGIQmoOPYjY4qkHNSRE9lYOl4 pZFQilKn8x5tlC8WTC4GCgJGhX7nQ9wQ/J1eQ/YkDfmznH+ok6YjHkGlgLsRuXHW GdcDCwuzBUCWh76LHC1EytUCKnloa3qy8jfjWnMlHgrd3FtDILrC+C7p1Vj2FAvm qVz0moiTpioPL8twp9MCgYEAin49q3EyZFYwxwdpU7/SJuvq750oZq0WVriUINsi A6IR14oOvbqkhb94fhsY12ZGt/N9uosq22H+anms6CicoQicv4fnBHDFI3hCHE9I pgeh50GTJHUA6Xk34V2s/kp5KpThazv6qCw+QubkQExh660SEdSlvoCfPKMCi1EJ TukCgYAZKY1NZ2bjJyyO/dfNvMQ+etUL/9esi+40GUGyJ7SZcazrN9z+DO0yL39g 7FT9NMIc2dsmNJQMaGBCDl0AjO1O3b/wqlrNvNBGkanxn2Htn5ajfo+LBU7yHAcV 7w4X5HLarXiE1mj0LXFKJhdvFqU53KUQJXBqR6lsMqzsdPwLMJg== -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----""" private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str)) transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘, 22)) transport.connect(username=‘root‘, pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘) result = stdout.read() print(result.decode(‘utf-8‘)) transport.close() print(result)
SFTPClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码上传下载
import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘,22)) transport.connect(username=‘root‘,password=‘xxx‘) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘, ‘/etc/test.rsa‘) # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get(‘remove_path‘, ‘local_path‘) transport.close()
基于公钥密钥上传下载
import paramiko private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘) transport = paramiko.Transport((‘120.92.84.249‘, 22)) transport.connect(username=‘root‘, pkey=private_key ) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(‘/tmp/id_rsa‘, ‘/tmp/a.txt‘) # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get(‘remove_path‘, ‘local_path‘) transport.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class Haproxy(object): def __init__(self): self.host = ‘172.16.103.191‘ self.port = 22 self.username = ‘root‘ self.pwd = ‘123‘ self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,‘w‘) as f: f.write(‘sb‘) return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload() self.rename() self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self): # 连接，上传 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, ‘/home/root/tttttttttttt.py‘) def rename(self): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘mv /home/root/tttttttttttt.py /home/root/ooooooooo.py‘) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() ha = Haproxy() ha.run()
七 作业
题目:简单主机批量管理工具
需求:
- 主机分组
- 主机信息配置文件用configparser解析
- 可批量执行命令、发送文件，结果实时返回，执行格式如下
- batch_run -h h1,h2,h3 -g web_clusters,db_servers -cmd "df -h"
- batch_scp -h h1,h2,h3 -g web_clusters,db_servers -action put -local test.py -remote /tmp/
- 主机用户名密码、端口可以不同
- 执行远程命令使用paramiko模块
- 批量命令需使用multiprocessing并发
