Django路由系统（网址关系映射）、视图、模板
一、路由系统（网址关系映射）
1、单一路由对应：
一个url对应一个视图函数（类）
urls.py:
url(r‘^test‘, views.test),
#url(r‘^home‘, views.Test.as_view()),
views.py:
def test(request):
print(request.method)
return render(request, "home.html")
"""
class Test(View):
def get(self, request):
print(request.method)
return render(request, "home.html")
def post(self, request):
print(request.method)
return render(request, "home.html")
"""
2、基于正则路由对应：
多个url对应一个视图
urls.py
# 多个url对应一个视图函数，不过在给视图函数传参时，要根据对应形参位置进行传参
url(r‘^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html‘, views.detail),
# 多个url对应一个视图函数，推荐这种写法，在正则匹配完毕后进行了分组分配，在传参时就可以形参位置变化也没有关系
url(r‘^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html‘, views.detail),
views.py:
#普通传参
def detail(request, nid, uid):
print(nid, uid)
return HttpResponse("%s - %s" % (nid, uid))
#args传参
def detail(request, *args, **kwargs):
print(args[0], args[1])
return HttpResponse("%s - %s" % (args[0], args[1]))
#kwargs传参
def detail(request, *args, **kwargs):
print(kwargs["nid"], kwargs["uid"])
return HttpResponse("%s - %s" % (kwargs["nid"], kwargs["uid"]))
3、name：
对URL路由关系进行命名，以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL
urls.py:
url(r‘^url_1/‘, views.index, name=‘i1‘),
url(r‘^url_2/(\d+)/(\d+)/‘, views.index, name=‘i2‘),
url(r‘^url_3/(?P<pid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/‘, views.index, name=‘i3‘),
views.py:
from django.urls import reverse
def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
url1 = reverse(‘i1‘) # url_1/
url2 = reverse(‘i2‘, args=(1,2,)) # url_2/1/2/
url3 = reverse(‘i3‘, kwargs={‘pid‘: 1, "nid": 9}) # url_3/1/9/
xxx.html:
{% url "i1" %} # url_1/
{% url "i2" 1 2 %} # url_2/1/2/
{% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %} # url_3/1/9/
PS：
# 显示当前的URL
request.path_info
4、多级路由：
多级路由目的避免有多个app时，在project urls.py的路由（网址）因路径名称一致而引起的冲突
#project/urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^app1/‘, include("app1.urls")),
url(r‘^app2/‘, include("app2.urls")),
]
#app01/urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^test‘, views.test),
]
#app02/urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import url
from app2 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^test‘, views.test),
]
5、默认值、命名空间
pass
二、视图
1、FBV&CBV
1.1、 FBV （Function Base VIew）在view（视图）中基于函数编写逻辑
#urls.py:
url(r‘^test‘, views.test), # FBV function base view
#views.py:
def test(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, ‘test.html‘)
1.2、CBV（Class Base Viev）在view（视图）中基于类编写逻辑
#urls.py；
url(r‘^home‘, views.Test.as_view()), # CBV class base view .as_view() Test没有view所以在views.py中Test类中继承Django的View
#views.py:
from django.views import View
class Test(View):
# 调用父类中的dispatch方法，并重写
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 通过dispatch的反射可以找到如：get、post方法的起始点
print("before")
result = super(Test, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
return result
def get(self, request):
print(request.method)
return render(request, "home.html")
def post(self, request):
print(request.method)
return render(request, "home.html")
2、HTML from表单提交数据的提取示例：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/test" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"><!--enctypes属性没有的话,默认提交的是字符串，无法实现文件上传--> <p> <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名" /> </p> <p> <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码" /> </p> <p> 男：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/> 女：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2"/> 张扬：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="3"/> </p> <p> 男：<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="11"/> 女：<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="22"/> 张扬：<input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="33"/> </p> <p> <select name="city" multiple> <option value="sh">上海</option> <option value="bj">北京</option> <option value="tj">天津</option> </select> </p> <p> <input type="file" name="file"/> </p> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> </body> </html>
def test(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, ‘test.html‘)
elif request.method == "POST":
# text
v = request.POST.get(‘pwd‘) # 获取input输入框输入的value
print(v)
# radio
v0 = request.POST.get(‘gender‘) # 获取radio的value
print(v0)
# checkbox
v1 = request.POST.getlist(‘favor‘) # 获取checkbox多选情况下的value
print(v1)
# select
v2 = request.POST.getlist(‘city‘) # 获取select下拉框multiple情况下的value
print(v2)
# file
obj = request.FILES.get(‘file‘) # 获取上传文件并保存
print(obj, type(obj), obj.name)
import os
file_path = os.path.join(‘upload‘, obj.name)
f = open(file_path, mode="wb")
for i in obj.chunks(): # chunks()利用生成器,每次只加载部分上传的文件，直至加载完毕
f.write(i)
f.close()
return redirect("/test")
else:
# PUT,DELETE,HEAD,OPTION...
return redirect("/test")
三、模板
上一篇博文有粗略概况
pass
