1、首先登录阿里云ECS服务器，如下图所示：
2、卸载MariaDB
说明：CentOS7.x默认安装MariaDB而不是MySQL，而且yum服务器上也移除了MySQL相关的软件包。因为MariaDB和MySQL可能会冲突，故先卸载MariaDB!
3、到mysql的官网下载最新版mysql的rpm集合包。
URL如下：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
4、进入/usr/local/src目录，使用lrzsz中的rz工具进行上传。
或者直接使用linux 下的wget工具进行下载：wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar（如果没有wget工具，使用yum install -y wget进行安装）
5、上传mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar到Linux服务器，并解压tar包。
6、使用rpm -ivh命令进行安装。
安装过程中缺少依赖包libaio，使用 yum install -y libaio 进行安装。
再次使用rpm -ivh 安装
6、上面几个包有依赖关系，执行有先后顺序。
使用rpm安装方式安装mysql，安装的路径如下：
a. 数据库目录
/var/lib/mysql/
b. 配置文件
/usr/share/mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
c. 相关命令
/usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)
d. 启动脚本
/etc/rc.d/init.d/(启动脚本文件mysql的目录)
e. /etc/my.conf(mysql数据库配置文件)
1 Xshell 5 (Build 1326) 2 Copyright (c) 2002-2017 NetSarang Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 4 Type `help‘ to learn how to use Xshell prompt. 5 [c:\~]$ 6 7 Connecting to 47.95.234.20:22... 8 Connection established. 9 To escape to local shell, press ‘Ctrl+Alt+]‘. 10 11 Last login: Mon Feb 19 10:27:46 2018 from 114.240.255.235 12 13 Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service ! 14 15 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 16 CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 17 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# uname -a 18 Linux iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 12 22:26:13 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 19 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb 20 mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 21 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 22 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb 23 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ 24 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ src]# yum install -y lrzsz 25 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror 26 base | 3.6 kB 00:00 27 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00 28 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 29 mysql57-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 30 nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00 31 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 32 (1/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 882 kB 00:00 33 (2/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.2 MB 00:00 34 (3/3): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db | 134 kB 00:00 35 Determining fastest mirrors 36 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com 37 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com 38 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com 39 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 40 Package lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version 41 Nothing to do 42 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ src]# cd /usr/local/src/ 43 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ src]# yum install -y lrzsz 44 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror 45 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 46 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com 47 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com 48 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com 49 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 50 Package lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version 51 Nothing to do 52 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ src]# rz -y 53 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# ls 54 mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 55 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /root/ 56 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# ll 57 total 1158760 58 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 593274880 Sep 14 23:52 mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 59 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 25090196 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 60 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 278300 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 61 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 3778120 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 62 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 46238924 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 63 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 24077232 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 64 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 128440800 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 65 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 2238604 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 66 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 2115892 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 67 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 55538708 Sep 14 23:44 mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 68 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 171597916 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 69 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 15256460 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 70 -rw-r--r-- 1 7155 31415 118609776 Sep 14 23:45 mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 71 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 72 warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 73 Preparing... ################################# [100%] 74 Updating / installing... 75 1:mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%] 76 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 77 warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 78 Preparing... ################################# [100%] 79 Updating / installing... 80 1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7################################# [100%] 81 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 82 warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 83 Preparing... ################################# [100%] 84 Updating / installing... 85 1:mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%] 86 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 87 warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 88 error: Failed dependencies: 89 libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 90 libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 91 libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 92 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# yum install -y libaio 93 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror 94 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile 95 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com 96 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com 97 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com 98 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com 99 Resolving Dependencies 100 --> Running transaction check 101 ---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed 102 --> Finished Dependency Resolution 103 104 Dependencies Resolved 105 106 ============================================================================================================= 107 Package Arch Version Repository Size 108 ============================================================================================================= 109 Installing: 110 libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 24 k 111 112 Transaction Summary 113 ============================================================================================================= 114 Install 1 Package 115 116 Total download size: 24 k 117 Installed size: 38 k 118 Downloading packages: 119 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00 120 Running transaction check 121 Running transaction test 122 Transaction test succeeded 123 Running transaction 124 Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. 125 ** Found 2 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), ‘yum check‘ output follows: 126 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) 127 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) 128 Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 1/1 129 Verifying : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 1/1 130 131 Installed: 132 libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 133 134 Complete! 135 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 136 warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 137 Preparing... ################################# [100%] 138 Updating / installing... 139 1:mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%] 140 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# cat /etc/passwd|grep mysql 141 mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false 142 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql 143 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log 144 2018-02-19T03:15:04.391013Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 145 2018-02-19T03:15:06.462877Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 146 2018-02-19T03:15:06.788535Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 147 2018-02-19T03:15:06.852414Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 15cbe9f9-1523-11e8-ac67-00163e08bafc. 148 2018-02-19T03:15:06.854816Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed‘ cannot be opened. 149 2018-02-19T03:15:06.855447Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: monb3&s#kXfC#此处为MySQL生成的随机密码。 150 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service 151 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql 152 tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 8124/mysqld 153 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# ps -aux|grep mysql 154 mysql 8124 1.2 9.0 1125360 171300 ? Sl 11:16 0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 155 root 8158 0.0 0.0 112660 972 pts/1 R+ 11:16 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql 156 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# mysql -u root -h localhost -P 3306 -p#登录MySQL 157 Enter password: 158 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. 159 Your MySQL connection id is 3 160 Server version: 5.7.20 161 162 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 163 164 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its 165 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective 166 owners. 167 168 Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. 169 mysql> set password = password(‘123456‘);#设置密码 170 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) 171 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘root‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;#授权远程访问连接MySQL 172 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) 173 mysql> flush privileges;#将操作即时生效 174 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 175 mysql> quit; 176 Bye 177 [root@iZqmo9i3j77p7eZ ~]# systemctl enable mysqld.service#加入开机自启动
