C++11范围for循环

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
void print(int i)
{
cout << i << " ";
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int ai[] {65, 66, 67, 68, 69};
size_t size = sizeof(ai) / sizeof(ai[0]);
vector<int> vi(ai, ai + size);
//基于下标运算的for循环，不是所有的容器都支持下标运算，不通用
for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
cout << ai[i]<<" ";
cout << endl;
for (size_t i = 0; i < vi.size(); ++i)
cout << vi[i]<<" ";
cout << endl;
//基于迭代器的for循环，需要指明容器两端，且对迭代器做自增，必须了解迭代器的运算规则，不够透明
for (int *it = ai; it != ai + size; ++it)
cout << *it << " ";
cout << endl;
for (auto it = vi.begin(); it != vi.end(); ++it)
cout << *it << " ";
cout << endl;
//基于泛型函数的for循环，需要提供针对元素的处理函数，对于一般性遍历而言比较繁琐
for_each(ai, ai + size, print);
cout << endl;
for_each(vi.begin(),vi.end(), print);
cout << endl;
for (auto a : ai)
cout << a << " ";
cout << endl;
for (auto a : vi)
cout << a << " ";
cout << endl;
for (auto &a : ai)
++a;
for (auto &a : vi)
--a;
for (auto const &a : ai)
cout << a << " ";
cout << endl;
for (auto const &a : vi)
cout << a << " ";
cout << endl;
for (char a : ai)
cout << a << " ";
cout << endl;
for (char a : vi)
cout << a << " ";
cout << endl;
getchar();
return 0;
}

 1 #include "stdafx.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include <map>
 5 #include <list>
 6 using namespace std;
 7 
 8 list<int> getScores(void)
 9 {
10 cout << __FUNCTION__ << endl;
11 return{ 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 };
12 }
13 
14 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
15 {
16 //对map和multimap容器使用范围循环，每次拿到的元素既不是键也不是值，而是由键和值组成的pair
17 multimap<string, int> msi;
18 msi.insert(make_pair("张飞", 100));
19 msi.insert(make_pair("赵云", 90));
20 msi.insert(make_pair("关羽", 80));
21 for (auto c : msi)
22 cout << c.first << ":" << c.second << endl;
23 cout << endl;
24 for (auto it = msi.begin(); it != msi.end(); ++it)
25 cout << it->first << ":" << it->second << endl;
26 cout << endl;
27 
28 //在使用基于范围的for循环时，不能违背容器本身的约束
29 /*for (pair<string,int> &c:msi)
30 if (c.first == "张飞")
31 c.first = "张菲菲";*/
32 for (auto c : msi)
33 cout << c.first << ":" << c.second << endl;
34 cout << endl;
35 //基于范围的for循环，无论循环体执行多少次，冒号后面的表达式永远只执行一次
36 for (auto score : getScores())
37 cout << score << " ";
38 cout << endl;
39 auto scores = getScores();
40 for (auto score : scores)
41 {
42 cout << score << " ";
43 //基于范围的for循环，其底层实现依然要借助于容器的迭代器，
44 //因此任何可能导致迭代器失效的结构性改变，都可能引发未定义的后果
45 //scores.pop_front();
46 }
47 cout << endl;
48 getchar();
49 return 0;
50 }

 1 #include "stdafx.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 template <typename T, size_t S>
 6 class Array
 7 {
 8 public:
 9 T &operator[](size_t i)
10 {
11 return m_array[i];
12 }
13 T const &operator[](size_t i)const
14 {
15 return const_cast<Array&>(*this)[i];
16 }
17 //获取起始迭代器
18 T *begin()
19 {
20 return m_array;
21 }
22 T const *begin()const
23 {
24 return const_cast<Array *>(this)->begin();
25 }
26 //获取终止迭代器
27 T *end()
28 {
29 return m_array+S;
30 }
31 T const *end()const
32 {
33 return const_cast<Array *>(this)->end();
34 }
35 private:
36 T m_array[S];
37 };
38 
39 
40 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
41 {
42 int i = 0;
43 Array<int, 5> ai;
44 for (auto &a : ai)
45 a = ++i * 10;
46 auto const &cai = ai;
47 for (auto &a : cai)
48 cout << /*++*/a << " ";
49 cout << endl;
50 getchar();
51 return 0;
52 }