C++文件读写的封装
在C++开发中,文件读写是很常用的功能,出于代码复用的考虑,将它们进行封装。
其中,默认读写的文件是文本文件,并且需要按行处理。调用者只需要关注读取出来的每一行的处理方式。写文件只是简单的开关文件流。
具体代码如下:
/** * @brief 读文件 * @author env0y * @param [in] const std::string& filename,文件名(绝对路径) [in] T& fn,对读出的数据进行逐行操作的函数.fn(std::string,...) [in/out] std::map<std::string,int>& fieldIdx,表头字段及其索引值 [in] const char Separator = ‘,‘,表头字段分隔符,默认‘,‘ * @param [out] none * @return bool * @note 1. 参数fieldIdx带入表头字段值,带出字段值对应的索引 2. 参数fn的第一个参数必须是std::string类型 */ template<typename T> static inline bool ReadFile(const std::string& filename, T& fn, std::map<std::string,int>& fieldIdx,const char Separator = ‘,‘ ) { typedef std::map<std::string,int> FieldMap; ifstream fd(filename,std::ios::in); fd.imbue(std::locale(std::locale::empty(), new std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>)); if (fd.fail()) { //LOG_ERROR_F( ModuleInfo,_T("ReadFile:Open [%s] failure."),CString(filename.c_str()).GetString()); return false; } auto Raii = [&](){ fd.close(); }; ON_SCOPE_EXIT(Raii); //LOG_DEBUG_F( ModuleInfo,_T("ReadFile:file [%s] size [%lld] Bytes."),CString(filename.c_str()).GetString(),CalcFileSz(fd)); std::string oneline; (void)getline(fd,oneline); if ( false == FieldIndexLookup(oneline,fieldIdx,Separator) ) { return false; } do { (void)fn( oneline ); //每读一行,传递给用户定义的函数 oneline.clear(); (void)getline(fd,oneline); } while ( !fd.eof() ); return true; } /** * @brief 字段索引查找确认 * @author env0y [2015/12/24 11:09:49] * @param [in] const std::string& tableHeader,表头 [in/out] std::map<std::string,int>& fieldIdx,字段为入参,索引为出参 char separator = ‘,‘,表头字段分隔符,默认为‘,‘ * @param [out] none * @return bool,查找是否成功 * @note none */ static inline bool FieldIndexLookup( const std::string& tableHeader,std::map<std::string,int>& fieldIdx,char separator /*= ‘,‘*/ ) { if (fieldIdx.empty()) { return true; } typedef std::map<std::string,int> FieldMap; const int FieldNotExist = -1; (void)std::for_each( fieldIdx.begin(),fieldIdx.end(),[=](FieldMap::value_type& ele){ ele.second = FieldNotExist;}); int TmpIdx = FieldNotExist; std::string subStr = tableHeader; string::size_type curpos = std::string::npos; do { curpos = subStr.find_first_of(separator); std::string fieldStr = subStr.substr(0,curpos); subStr = subStr.substr(curpos+1); ++TmpIdx; auto it = fieldIdx.find( fieldStr ); if ( it != fieldIdx.end()) { it->second = TmpIdx; } } while ( std::string::npos != curpos ); bool bFieldsInsufficient(false);//- 字段是否缺失 (void)std::for_each(fieldIdx.begin(),fieldIdx.end(),[&](const FieldMap::value_type& ele) { if ( ele.second == FieldNotExist ) { bFieldsInsufficient = true; std::cout << "FieldIndex: Lack of field:" << ele.first.c_str() << "\n"; //LOG_ERROR_F( ModuleInfo,_T("FieldIndex: Lack of field [%s]."),CString(ele.first.c_str()).GetString() ); } }); return (false == bFieldsInsufficient); }
函数FiledIndexLookup用来查找指定表头是否存在于第一行文件中。
写文件的代码如下:
/** * @brief 计算文件大小 * @author env0y [2015/10/19 17:25:37] * @param [in] fstream& fd,文件描述符 * @param [out] none * @return unsigned __int64,文件大小 单位字节 * @note none */ template<typename FileStream> static inline unsigned __int64 CalcFileSz(FileStream& fd) { (void)fd.seekg(0,ios::end); streampos uSz = fd.tellg(); (void)fd.seekg(0,ios::beg); return (unsigned __int64)uSz; } /** * @brief 写文件 * @author env0y [2015/10/19 9:14:33] * @param [in] const std::string& filename,要生成的文件(绝对路径) [in] T& fn,函数指针/成员函数/函数对象/仿函数/Lambda表达式 [in] int mode = std::ios::out,文件操作模式,默认ios::out [in] const std::string & title = "",生成的文件表头,默认空 * @param [out] none * @return bool * @note fn的参数(wofstream&,...) */ template<typename T> static inline bool WriteFile(const std::string& filename,T& fn,int mode = std::ios::out,const std::string & title = "") { (void)SHCreateDirectoryEx(nullptr, CString(filename.substr(0,filename.find_last_of("\\")).c_str()) ,nullptr); //LOG_DEBUG_F( ModuleInfo,_T("output [%s]."),CString(filename.c_str()).GetString()); wofstream ofd(filename,mode); // ofd.imbue(std::locale(std::locale::empty(), new std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>)); if( ofd.fail() ) { //LOG_ERROR_F( ModuleInfo,_T("WriteFile:Open or Create [%s] failure."),CString(filename.c_str()).GetString()); return false; } if( title.length() ) { title.back() == ‘\n‘ ? ofd << title.c_str() : ofd << title.c_str() << "\n"; } (void)fn(ofd); ofd.close(); return true; } template<typename T,size_t X> static inline bool WriteFile(const std::string(&filename)[X],T& fn,int mode = std::ios::out,const std::string & title = "") { std::wofstream arrofds[X]; size_t ulCnt = 0; bool bRst = std::any_of(std::begin(filename),std::end(filename),[&](const std::string& name)->bool { (void)SHCreateDirectoryEx(nullptr, CString(name.substr(0,name.find_last_of("\\")).c_str()) ,nullptr); arrofds[ulCnt].open(name,mode); if( arrofds[ulCnt].fail() ) { LOG_ERROR_F( ModuleInfo,_T("WriteFile:Open or Create [%s] failure."),CString(name.c_str()).GetString()); return true; } arrofds[ulCnt++] << title.c_str(); return false; }); if (bRst) { return false; } (void)fn(arrofds); std::for_each(std::begin(arrofds),std::end(arrofds),[](std::wofstream& fd) { fd.close(); }); return true; }
第一个是一次写一个文件,第二个是写多个。
调用举例如下:
bool COutputPDFGridULSINRFreqBand::LoadCurrentBHGridInfo() { CString CurrentBHGridInfoPath = JoinPath(m_prjPath, CString(_T("GridLevel\\Total\\CurrentBHGridInfo.csv"))); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("GridID",-1)); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("Longitude",-1)); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("Latitude",-1)); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("Site ID",-1)); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("Cell ID",-1)); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("FrequencyBand",-1)); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("BandNum",-1)); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("CellULSINR",-1)); m_FileHeadRel.emplace(std::make_pair("CellPrivateUEMRNum",-1)); return ReadFile(CString2String(CurrentBHGridInfoPath),std::bind(&COutputPDFGridULSINRFreqBand::ReadLine,this,std::placeholders::_1),m_FileHeadRel); }
第二个参数是模板参数,支持lambda表达式、c全局函数、c++成员函数等。
在实际项目中可以把它们封装到一个命名空间,可以更安全方便的使用。 :)
除零保护也是c++经常做的事情,可以提取成如下函数:
/** * @brief 除法保护 * @author env0y * @param [in] Dividend dividend : 分子 [in] Divisor divisor : 分母 * @param [out] none * @return : 如果分母为0(除数为0),返回0; 否则返回正常除数值 */ template <typename Dividend,typename Divisor> static inline double DivisionProtection(Dividend dividend,Divisor divisor) { double dResult(0.0); static const char* Integers[] = { "char", "unsigned char", "short", "unsigned short", "int", "unsigned int", "long", "unsigned long", "__int64", "unsigned __int64", "long long","unsigned long long" }; static const char* Floats[] = {"float","double"}; static const int iSz = _countof(Integers); static const int fSz = _countof(Floats); const char* typeDivisor = typeid(divisor).name(); auto fCmp = [&](const char* str){ return 0 == strcmp(str,typeDivisor);}; if ( (Floats+fSz) != std::find_if(Floats,Floats+fSz,fCmp) ) { bool bIsZero = (fabs((double)divisor) < 1e-15 ) || (fabs((float)divisor) < 1e-6 ); dResult = bIsZero ? 0.0 : dividend/divisor ; } else if ( (Integers+iSz) != std::find_if(Integers,Integers+iSz,fCmp) ) { dResult = (0 == divisor) ? 0 : 1.0*dividend/divisor; } return dResult; }
而对浮点型数四舍五入函数则可以使用下面方法:
/** * @brief 根据所需精度四舍五入 * @author env0y [2015/8/29] * @param [in] const double& x,原始值 [in] int precision,精度值 * @param [out] none * @return double,四舍五入之后的值 * @note 默认精度为1 */ static inline double RoundByPrecision(const double& x, int precision/* = 1*/) { if ( precision < 0 ) { return x; } double temp = x * pow((double)10, precision); temp = floor(temp + 0.5); return (temp * pow((double)10, -precision)); }
我们知道c++11已经有std::hash方法,那如何哈希一个std::pair呢?
可以像下面这样:
template <class T> inline void hash_combine(std::size_t & seed, const T & v) { std::hash<T> hasher; seed ^= hasher(v) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2); } namespace std { template<typename S, typename T> struct hash<pair<S, T>> { inline size_t operator()(const pair<S, T> & v) const { size_t seed = 0; ::hash_combine(seed, v.first); ::hash_combine(seed, v.second); return seed; } };
}
而像std::wstring和std::string之间的相互转化,则可以:
static inline std::string ws2s( const std::wstring& wstr ) { std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>, wchar_t> converterX; return converterX.to_bytes(wstr); } static inline std::wstring s2ws( const std::string& str ) { std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>, wchar_t> converterX; return converterX.from_bytes(str); }
写到这里发现,读文件那里用到了RAII,所以把宏定义补充如下:
class ScopeGuard { public: explicit ScopeGuard(std::function<void()> onExitScope):onExitScope_(onExitScope){}; ~ScopeGuard(){onExitScope_();}; private: std::function<void()> onExitScope_; // noncopyable private: ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard const&); ScopeGuard& operator=(ScopeGuard const&); }; /*lint -restore*/ #define SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME_CAT(name, line) name##line #define SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME(name, line) SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME_CAT(name, line) //#define ON_SCOPE_EXIT(callback) ScopeGuard<decltype(callback)> SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME(EXIT, __LINE__)(callback) #define ON_SCOPE_EXIT(callback) ScopeGuard SCOPEGUARD_LINENAME(EXIT, __LINE__)(callback)
就这些。以后再补充吧!;)