背水一战 Windows 10 (78) - 自定义控件: 基础知识, 依赖属性, 附加属性
作者:webabcd
介绍
背水一战 Windows 10 之 控件(自定义控件)
- 自定义控件的基础知识,依赖属性和附加属性
示例
演示自定义控件的基础知识,依赖属性和附加属性
1、自定义控件的示例
/MyControls/themes/generic.xaml
<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"> <!-- 在 themes/generic.xaml 中定义自定义控件的默认样式 --> <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <!-- 注意: 此处在指定 xaml 路径时,要以“项目名”为根路径(因为这个自定控件的项目是要被别的项目引用的) 这个是对的 ms-appx:///MyControls/themes/MyControl1.xaml 这个是错的 ms-appx:///themes/MyControl1.xaml(编译时不会报错,运行时会报错 Failed to assign to property ‘Windows.UI.Xaml.ResourceDictionary.Source‘ because the type ‘Windows.Foundation.String‘ cannot be assigned to the type ‘Windows.Foundation.Uri‘) --> <ResourceDictionary Source="ms-appx:///MyControls/themes/MyControl1.xaml"/> <ResourceDictionary Source="ms-appx:///MyControls/themes/MyControl3.xaml"/> </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> </ResourceDictionary>
/MyControls/themes/MyControl1.xaml
<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:MyControls"> <Style TargetType="local:MyControl1"> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="local:MyControl1"> <!-- 绑定基类中定义的依赖属性 --> <Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"> <StackPanel> <!-- 绑定自定义依赖属性 --> <TextBlock Text="{TemplateBinding Title}" Foreground="White" FontSize="24" /> <!-- 绑定自定义附加属性 --> <TextBlock Text="{TemplateBinding local:MyAttachedProperty.SubTitle}" Foreground="Orange" FontSize="24" /> </StackPanel> </Border> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> </ResourceDictionary>
/MyControls/MyAttachedProperty.cs
/* * 定义一个附加属性(Attached Property) * * 依赖属性:可以用于样式, 模板, 绑定, 动画 * 附加属性:全局可用的依赖属性 */ using Windows.UI.Xaml; namespace MyControls { /// <summary> /// 定义一个附加属性(Attached Property) /// </summary> public sealed class MyAttachedProperty { // 获取附加属性 public static string GetSubTitle(DependencyObject obj) { return (string)obj.GetValue(SubTitleProperty); } // 设置附加属性 public static void SetSubTitle(DependencyObject obj, string value) { obj.SetValue(SubTitleProperty, value); } // 注册一个附加属性(winrc 中不支持 public 类型的 field,如果是 dll 项目则无此限制) private static readonly DependencyProperty SubTitlePropertyField = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached( "SubTitle", // 附加属性的名称 typeof(string), // 附加属性的数据类型 typeof(MyAttachedProperty), // 附加属性所属的类 new PropertyMetadata("", PropertyMetadataCallback)); // 指定附加属性的默认值,以及值发生改变时所调用的方法 // 用属性的方式封装一下 SubTitlePropertyField public static DependencyProperty SubTitleProperty { get { return SubTitlePropertyField; } } private static void PropertyMetadataCallback(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) { object newValue = args.NewValue; // 发生改变之后的值 object oldValue = args.OldValue; // 发生改变之前的值 } } }
/MyControls/MyControl1.cs
/* * 开发一个自定义控件,并定义一个依赖属性(Dependency Property) * * 依赖属性:可以用于样式, 模板, 绑定, 动画 * 附加属性:全局可用的依赖属性 */ using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; using Windows.UI.Xaml; namespace MyControls { /// <summary> /// 开发一个自定义控件,并定义一个依赖属性(Dependency Property) /// </summary> // 注意: // 在 winrc 中用 c# 写的类必须是 sealed 的(否则编译时会报错 Exporting unsealed types is not supported.Please mark type ‘MyControls.MyControl1‘ as sealed) // 如果是 dll 项目则无此限制 public sealed class MyControl1 : Control { public MyControl1() { // 指定默认样式为 typeof(MyControl1),即使用 TargetType 为 MyControl1 的样式,即 <Style xmlns:local="using:MyControls" TargetType="local:MyControl1" /> // 如果不指 DefaultStyleKey 的话,则默认使用基类即 Control 的样式 this.DefaultStyleKey = typeof(MyControl1); } // 通过 DependencyObject.GetValue() 和 DependencyObject.SetValue() 访问依赖属性,这里由 Title 属性封装一下,以方便对依赖属性的访问 public string Title { get { return (string)GetValue(TitleProperty); } set { SetValue(TitleProperty, value); } } // 注册一个依赖属性 // 注意: // 在 winrc 中不支持 public 类型的 field(在 dll 项目无此限制),所以这里改为 private 的,之后再用 public 属性的方式封装一下即可 // 如果使用了 public 类型的 field 的话,编译时会报错 Type ‘MyControls.MyControl1‘ contains externally visible field ‘Windows.UI.Xaml.DependencyProperty MyControls.MyControl1.TitlePropertyField‘. Fields can be exposed only by structures private static readonly DependencyProperty TitlePropertyField = DependencyProperty.Register( "Title", // 依赖属性的名称 typeof(string), // 依赖属性的数据类型 typeof(MyControl1), // 依赖属性所属的类 new PropertyMetadata("", PropertyMetadataCallback)); // 指定依赖属性的默认值,以及值发生改变时所调用的方法 // 用属性的方式封装一下 TitlePropertyField public static DependencyProperty TitleProperty { get { return TitlePropertyField; } } private static void PropertyMetadataCallback(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs args) { object newValue = args.NewValue; // 发生改变之后的值 object oldValue = args.OldValue; // 发生改变之前的值 } } }
2、调用自定义控件的示例
Controls/CustomControl/Demo1.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.Controls.CustomControl.Demo1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.Controls.CustomControl" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d" xmlns:myControls="using:MyControls"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <!-- 演示自定义控件的基础知识,依赖属性和附加属性 本例所用到的自定义控件请参看:MyControls/MyControl1.cs --> <!-- 依赖属性和附加属性可以用于绑定 --> <myControls:MyControl1 x:Name="control1" Background="Blue" BorderBrush="Yellow" BorderThickness="1" Width="200" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5" Title="{Binding Value, ElementName=slider}" myControls:MyAttachedProperty.SubTitle="{Binding Value, ElementName=slider}"> </myControls:MyControl1> <Slider Name="slider" Width="200" Minimum="0" Maximum="200" IsThumbToolTipEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5" Foreground="Orange" Background="White" Style="{StaticResource MySliderStyle}" /> <!-- 依赖属性和附加属性可以用于 Storyboard 动画 但是无法通过 Storyboard 对自定义附加属性做动画,在文档中找到了这样一句话“However, an existing limitation of the Windows Runtime XAML implementation is that you cannot animate a custom attached property.” --> <myControls:MyControl1 x:Name="control2" Background="Blue" BorderBrush="Yellow" BorderThickness="1" Width="200" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5"> <myControls:MyControl1.Resources> <BeginStoryboard x:Name="storyboard1"> <Storyboard> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="control2" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Title" Duration="0:0:10" RepeatBehavior="Forever"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:1" Value="w" /> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:2" Value="we" /> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:3" Value="web" /> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:4" Value="weba" /> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:5" Value="webab" /> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:6" Value="webabc" /> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0:0:7" Value="webabcd" /> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </myControls:MyControl1.Resources> </myControls:MyControl1> <!-- 在 code-behind 中设置依赖属性和附加属性 --> <myControls:MyControl1 x:Name="control3" Background="Blue" BorderBrush="Yellow" BorderThickness="1" Width="200" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
Controls/CustomControl/Demo1.xaml.cs
/* * 本例用于演示自定义控件的基础知识,依赖属性和附加属性 */ using MyControls; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10.Controls.CustomControl { public sealed partial class Demo1 : Page { public Demo1() { this.InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += Demo1_Loaded; } private void Demo1_Loaded(object sender, Windows.UI.Xaml.RoutedEventArgs e) { // 设置依赖属性 control3.Title = "我是依赖属性"; // 设置附加属性 control3.SetValue(MyAttachedProperty.SubTitleProperty, "我是附加属性"); } } }
OK
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