标签：12.6 Nginx安装   12.7 默认虚拟主机   12.8 Nginx用户认证   12.9 Nginx域名重定向   

• cd /usr/local/src
• wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
• tar zxvf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
• cd nginx-1.12.1
• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
• make && make install
• vim /etc/init.d/nginx #创建nginx配置文件,复制如下内容
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #!/bin/bash
  # chkconfig: - 30 21
  # description: http service.
  # Source Function Library
  . /etc/init.d/functions
  # Nginx Settings
  NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  RETVAL=0
  prog="Nginx"
  start()
  {
  echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
  mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
  daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
  RETVAL=$?
  echo
  return $RETVAL
  }
  stop()
  {
  echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
  killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
  rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
  RETVAL=$?
  echo
  return $RETVAL
  }
  reload()
  {
  echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
  killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
  RETVAL=$?
  echo
  return $RETVAL
  }
  restart()
  {
  stop
  start
  }
  configtest()
  {
  $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
  return 0
  }
  case "$1" in
  start)
  start
  ;;
  stop)
  stop
  ;;
  reload)
  reload
  ;;
  restart)
  restart
  ;;
  configtest)
  configtest
  ;;
  *)
  echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
  RETVAL=1
  esac
  exit $RETVAL
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #以上代码参考:
  https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinuxbook/git/blob/master/D15Z/etc_init.d_nginx
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
• chkconfig --add nginx

• chkconfig nginx on

• cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
• mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
• vim nginx.conf //创建nginx启动脚本配置文件,写入如下内容
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  user nobody nobody;
  worker_processes 2;
  error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
  pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
  worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
  events
  {
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 6000;
  }
  http
  {
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
  server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
  log_format combined_realip ‘$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]‘
  ‘ $host "$request_uri" $status‘
  ‘ "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"‘;
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  keepalive_timeout 30;
  client_header_timeout 3m;
  client_body_timeout 3m;
  send_timeout 3m;
  connection_pool_size 256;
  client_header_buffer_size 1k;
  large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
  request_pool_size 4k;
  output_buffers 4 32k;
  postpone_output 1460;
  client_max_body_size 10m;
  client_body_buffer_size 256k;
  client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
  proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
  fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
  fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 8k;
  gzip_comp_level 5;
  gzip_http_version 1.1;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm
  application/xml;
  server
  {
  listen 80;
  server_name localhost;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /usr/local/nginx/html;
  location ~ .php$
  {
  include fastcgi_params;
  fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
  fastcgi_index index.php;
  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
  }
  }
  }
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  #以上代码参考:
  https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/aminglinux-book/git/blob/master/D15Z/nginx.conf
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //检查是否有语法错误
• /etc/init.d/nginx start //启动nginx服务
• netstat -lntp |grep 80 //查看监听80端口状态

• 测试php解析
  vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php //加入如下内容
  <?php
  echo "test php scripts.";
  ?>
  curl localhost/1.php //测试能否解析php
  

• 安装过程中遇到的问题:
  [root@kh-01 nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig --add nginx
  服务 nginx 不支持 chkconfig
  
  
  原因是nginx配置文件中有错误,更正为如下图后就OK了.
  

  12.7 默认虚拟主机

• vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
• 把server{}这一部分先注释掉,然后增加如下一行:
• include vhost/*.conf;
  
• mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost //创建虚拟主机目录
• cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhos
• vim default.conf //加入如下内容
  server
  {
  listen 80 default_server; #有这个标记的就是默认虚拟主机
  server_name aaa.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /data/wwwroot/default;
  }
• mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/default/
• echo “This is a default site.”>/data/wwwroot/default/index.html
• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重新加载nginx

测试默认虚拟主机:

• curl localhost
• curl -x127.0.0.1:80 123.com
  

12.8 Nginx用户认证

• 1.针对整个站点的用户认证:

• vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf #写入如下内容
  server
  {
  listen 80;
  server_name test.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /data/wwwroot/test.com;

  location / #用户认证相关配置
  {
  auth_basic "Auth";
  auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
  }
  }

• yum install -y httpd #安装apache,如果没有,有可跳过该步
• /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd Auth_user #指定用户认证的用户名
• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
• /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload #重新加载nginx
• mkdir /data/wwwroot/test.com
• echo “test.com”>/data/wwwroot/test.com/index.html

• 测试用户认证:
  (1)通过curl测试
  curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I #状态码为401说明需要验证
  curl -uAuth_user:123 -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com -I #访问状态码变为200
  
  (2)通过浏览器访问测试
  编辑windows的hosts文件，然后在浏览器中访问test.com会有输入用户、密码的弹窗

• 2. 针对目录的用户认证
  location /admin/
  {
  auth_basic "Auth";
  auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
  }

• 3. 针对某个页面的用户认证
  location ~ admin.php
  {
  auth_basic "Auth";
  auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
  }

知识点:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
重新加载时,如果配置文件有语法错误,它是不生效的,这样就不会导致nginx服务停掉;而重启的话/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx restart则可能会导致nginx服务因有错误而不能正常启动.

12.9 Nginx域名重定向

• 编辑/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf为如下内容:
  server
  {
  listen 80;
  server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php;
  root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
  if ($host != ‘test.com‘ ) {
  rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent;
  }
  }
• 测试结果:
  
  知识点:
• server_name后面支持写多个域名，这是和httpd不同的,httpd只能通过server alias来做到这一点.
• permanent为永久重定向，状态码为301，如果写成redirect,则状态码为302.

扩展学习:
nginx.conf 配置详解
http://www.ha97.com/5194.html
http://my.oschina.net/duxuefeng/blog/34880
nginx rewrite四种flag
http://www.netingcn.com/nginx-rewrite-flag.html

http://unixman.blog.51cto.com/10163040/1711943

2018-3-13 Linux学习笔记

标签：12.6 Nginx安装   12.7 默认虚拟主机   12.8 Nginx用户认证   12.9 Nginx域名重定向   

原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13517946/2086121