IEnumerator和IEnumerable
从名字常来看,IEnumerator是枚举器的意思,IEnumerable是可枚举的意思。
了解了两个接口代表的含义后,接着看源码:
IEnumerator:
public interface IEnumerator
{
// Interfaces are not serializable
// Advances the enumerator to the next element of the enumeration and
// returns a boolean indicating whether an element is available. Upon
// creation, an enumerator is conceptually positioned before the first
// element of the enumeration, and the first call to MoveNext
// brings the first element of the enumeration into view.
//
bool MoveNext();
// Returns the current element of the enumeration. The returned value is
// undefined before the first call to MoveNext and following a
// call to MoveNext that returned false. Multiple calls to
// GetCurrent with no intervening calls to MoveNext
// will return the same object.
//
Object Current {
get;
}
// Resets the enumerator to the beginning of the enumeration, starting over.
// The preferred behavior for Reset is to return the exact same enumeration.
// This means if you modify the underlying collection then call Reset, your
// IEnumerator will be invalid, just as it would have been if you had called
// MoveNext or Current.
//
void Reset();
}
IEnumerable:
public interface IEnumerable
{
// Interfaces are not serializable
// Returns an IEnumerator for this enumerable Object. The enumerator provides
// a simple way to access all the contents of a collection.
[Pure]
[DispId(-4)]
IEnumerator GetEnumerator();
}
发现IEnumerable只有一个GetEnumerator函数,返回值是IEnumerator类型,从注释我们可以得知IEnumerable代表继承此接口的类可以获取一个IEnumerator来实现枚举这个类中包含的集合中的元素的功能(比如List<T>,ArrayList,Dictionary等继承了IEnumeratble接口的类)。
用foreach来了解IEnumerable,IEnumerator的工作原理
我们模仿ArrayList来实现一个简单的ConstArrayList,然后用foreach遍历。
//一个常量的数组,用于foreach遍历
class ConstArrayList : IEnumerable
{
public int[] constItems = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
return new ConstArrayListEnumeratorSimple(this);
}
}
//这个常量数组的迭代器
class ConstArrayListEnumeratorSimple : IEnumerator
{
ConstArrayList list;
int index;
int currentElement;
public ConstArrayListEnumeratorSimple(ConstArrayList _list)
{
list = _list;
index = -1;
}
public object Current
{
get
{
return currentElement;
}
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
if(index < list.constItems.Length - 1)
{
currentElement = list.constItems[++index];
return true;
}
else
{
currentElement = -1;
return false;
}
}
public void Reset()
{
index = -1;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConstArrayList constArrayList = new ConstArrayList();
foreach(int item in constArrayList)
{
WriteLine(item);
}
ReadKey();
}
}
输出结果:
1
2
3
4
5
代码达到了遍历效果,但是在用foreach遍历时,IEnumerator和IEnumerable究竟是如何运行的,我们可以通过增加增加日志可以直观的看到原因。
//一个常量的数组,用于foreach遍历
class ConstArrayList : IEnumerable
{
public int[] constItems = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
WriteLine("GetIEnumerator");
return new ConstArrayListEnumeratorSimple(this);
}
}
//这个常量数组的迭代器
class ConstArrayListEnumeratorSimple : IEnumerator
{
ConstArrayList list;
int index;
int currentElement;
public ConstArrayListEnumeratorSimple(ConstArrayList _list)
{
list = _list;
index = -1;
}
public object Current
{
get
{
WriteLine("Current");
return currentElement;
}
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
if(index < list.constItems.Length - 1)
{
WriteLine("MoveNext true");
currentElement = list.constItems[++index];
return true;
}
else
{
WriteLine("MoveNext false");
currentElement = -1;
return false;
}
}
public void Reset()
{
WriteLine("Reset");
index = -1;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConstArrayList constArrayList = new ConstArrayList();
foreach(int item in constArrayList)
{
WriteLine(item);
}
ReadKey();
}
}
输出结果:
GetIEnumerator
MoveNext true
Current
1
MoveNext true
Current
2
MoveNext true
Current
3
MoveNext true
Current
4
MoveNext true
Current
5
MoveNext false
通过输出结果,我们可以发现,foreach在运行时会先调用ConstArrayList的GetIEnumerator函数获取一个ConstArrayListEnumeratorSimple,之后通过循环调用ConstArrayListEnumeratorSimple的MoveNext函数,index后移,更新Current属性,然后返回Current属性,直到MoveNext返回false。
总结一下:
GetIEnumerator()负责获取枚举器。
MoveNext()负责让Current获取下一个值,并判断遍历是否结束。
Current负责返回当前指向的值。
Rest()负责重置枚举器的状态(在foreach中没有用到)
这些就是IEnumerable,IEnumerator的基本工作原理了。
其次我们发现:
ConstArrayList constArrayList = new ConstArrayList();
foreach(int item in constArrayList)
{
writeLine(item);
}
其实就等价于:
ConstArrayList constArrayList = new ConstArrayList();
IEnumerator enumeratorSimple = constArrayList.GetEnumerator();
while (enumeratorSimple.MoveNext())
{
int item = (int)enumeratorSimple.Current;
WriteLine(item);
}
也就是说foreach其实是一种语法糖,用来简化对可枚举元素的遍历代码。而被遍历的类通过实现IEnumerable接口和一个相关的IEnumerator枚举器来实现遍历功能。