>>> import random  
>>> random.randint(1,100)   #1-100的随机数，包括10
48
>>>
>>> random.randint(1,100)
67
>>> random.randint(1,100)
29
>>> random.randint(1,100)
65
>>> random.randrange(1,100) #1-100的随机数，不包括10
29
>>> random.randrange(1,100)
3
>>> random.random()#返回一个浮点数
0.861331996925364
>>> random.random()
0.09635457023458294
>>> random.choice(‘adjs32@45s;ld‘)#返回一个给定数集合的随机数
‘d‘
>>> random.choice(‘adjs32@45s;ld‘)
‘@‘
>>> random.choice(‘adjs32@45s;ld‘)
‘d‘
>>> random.choice(‘adjs32@45s;ld‘)
‘4‘
>>> random.sample(‘aldsrtvpq‘,3)#从多个数值中选取特定字符
[‘r‘, ‘a‘, ‘t‘]
>>> random.sample(‘aldsrtvpq‘,3)
[‘s‘, ‘a‘, ‘d‘]
>>> random.sample(‘aldsrtvpq‘,3)
[‘t‘, ‘a‘, ‘v‘]
>>> import string
>>> string.digits#0到9的数10进制
‘0123456789‘
>>> string.ascii_letters#26个字母大小写
‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ‘
>>> string.hexdigits#16进制
‘0123456789abcdefABCDEF‘
>>> string.octdigits#8进制
‘01234567‘
>>> string.ascii_lowercase#26字母小写
‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz‘
>>> s = string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits
>>> s
‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789‘
>>> ‘‘.join(random.sample(string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits,6))
‘i986wb‘
>>>
>>> ‘‘.join(random.sample(s,4))
‘7eo9‘
>>> ‘‘.join(random.sample(s,4))
‘g9bk‘
>>> ‘‘.join(random.sample(s,4))
‘tpzg‘
>>>
>>> d = list(range(100))#0 - 100的数
>>> d
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
>>> random.shuffle(d)#随机排序
>>> d
[22, 60, 11, 8, 87, 73, 29, 17, 43, 64, 67, 27, 72, 92, 98, 40, 15, 36, 90, 79, 47, 32, 51, 12, 50, 23, 88, 4, 16, 13, 56, 18, 2, 96, 95, 45, 66, 65, 10, 1, 62, 81, 99, 46, 78, 3, 70, 25, 19, 77, 93, 42, 58, 39, 0, 34, 28, 35, 7, 31, 37, 54, 89, 26, 44, 57, 94, 59, 24, 6, 52, 75, 5, 38, 84, 85, 30, 9, 20, 33, 71, 41, 49, 21, 97, 69, 68, 82, 74, 14, 61, 86, 53, 63, 80, 83, 91, 55, 76, 48]
>>>

os.getcwd()                 获取当前工作目录，即当前python脚本工作的目录路径
os.chdir("dirname")         改变当前脚本工作目录；相当于shell下cd
os.curdir                   返回当前目录: (‘.‘)
os.pardir                   获取当前目录的父目录字符串名：(‘..‘)
os.makedirs(‘dir1/dir2‘)    可生成多层递归目录
os.removedirs(‘dirname1‘)   若目录为空，则删除，并递归到上一级目录，如若也为空，则删除，依此类推
os.mkdir(‘dirname‘)         生成单级目录；相当于shell中mkdir dirname
os.rmdir(‘dirname‘)         删除单级空目录，若目录不为空则无法删除，报错；相当于shell中rmdir dirname
os.listdir(‘dirname‘)       列出指定目录下的所有文件和子目录，包括隐藏文件，并以列表方式打印
os.remove()                 删除一个文件
os.rename("oldname","new")  重命名文件/目录
os.stat(‘path/filename‘)    获取文件/目录信息
os.sep                      操作系统特定的路径分隔符，win下为"\\",Linux下为"/"
os.linesep                  当前平台使用的行终止符，win下为"\t\n",Linux下为"\n"
os.pathsep                  用于分割文件路径的字符串
os.name                     字符串指示当前使用平台。win->‘nt‘; Linux->‘posix‘
os.system("bash command")   运行shell命令，直接显示
os.environ                  获取系统环境变量
os.path.abspath(path)       返回path规范化的绝对路径
os.path.split(path)         将path分割成目录和文件名二元组返回
os.path.dirname(path)       返回path的目录。其实就是os.path.split(path)的第一个元素
os.path.basename(path)      返回path最后的文件名。如何path以／或\结尾，那么就会返回空值。即os.path.split(path)的第二个元素
os.path.exists(path)        如果path存在，返回True；如果path不存在，返回False
os.path.isabs(path)         如果path是绝对路径，返回True
os.path.isfile(path)        如果path是一个存在的文件，返回True。否则返回False
os.path.isdir(path)         如果path是一个存在的目录，则返回True。否则返回False
os.path.join(path1[, path2[, ...]])  将多个路径组合后返回，第一个绝对路径之前的参数将被忽略
os.path.getatime(path)      返回path所指向的文件或者目录的最后存取时间
os.path.getmtime(path)      返回path所指向的文件或者目录的最后修改时间

>>> import sys
>>> sys.argv#命令形参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径
[‘‘]
>>> sys.exit(0)#退出程序

>>> sys.version#获取Python解释程序的版本信息
‘3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]‘

>>> sys.path#返回模块的搜索路径
[‘‘, ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\python36.zip‘, ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\DLLs‘, ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\lib‘, ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36‘, ‘C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\lib\\site-packages‘]

>>> sys.platform #返回操作系统的平台名称
‘win32‘

>>> sys.stdout.write(‘please:‘)#标准输出 输出字符个数
please:7

>>> sys.maxsize#最大的int值
9223372036854775807
>>> sys.stdout
<_io.TextIOWrapper name=‘<stdout>‘ mode=‘w‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘>
>>> sys.stdin.readline()
aa
‘aa\n‘
>>> sys.getrecursionlimit()#获取最大的递归层数
1000
>>> sys.getrecursionlimit(1200)#设置最大的递归层数

>>> sys.getdefaultencoding()#获取解释器的默认编码
‘utf-8‘

>>> sys.getfilesystemencoding#获取内存数据存到文件里的默认编码
<built-in function getfilesystemencoding>
>>>

import pickle

# d = {‘name‘:‘qian‘,‘age‘:22}
#
# l = {1,2,3,4,‘rain‘}
#
# pk = open("data.pkl",‘wb‘)#写二进制用wb
# pickle.dump(d,pk)

f = open("data.pkl",‘rb‘)

d = pickle.load(f)
print(d)

import shelve
d = shelve.open(‘shelev_text‘)
print(d["names"])
print(d[‘info‘])
#del d[‘test‘]#删除

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
        <year>2023</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
        <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
        <year>2026</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" />
    </country>
    <country name="Panama">
        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
        <year>2026</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
        <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
    </country>
</data>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("123")#open
root = tree.getroot()#f.seek(0)
#print(dir(root))
print(root.tag)
#遍历xml文档
# for child in root:
#     print(child.tag,child.attrib)
#     for i in child:
#         print(i.tag,i.text)


for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
    print(node.tag,node.text)

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("123")#open
root = tree.getroot()#f.seek(0)

for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
    new_year = int(node.text)+1
    node.text = str(new_year)
    node.set("attr_text","yes")
tree.write("123")

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("123")#open
root = tree.getroot()#f.seek(0)

for country in root.findall("country"):
    rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text)
    if rank > 50:
        root.remove(country)
tree.write(‘ountpot.xml‘)

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

root = ET.Element("namelist")
name = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")
sex.text = ‘amle‘

name2 = ET.SubElement(root,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})

age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")
age.text = ‘19‘

et = ET.ElementTree(root)
et.write("build_out.xml",encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(‘ss.ini‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘)
ret = config.sections()
print(ret)

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(‘ss.ini‘,encoding="utf-8")
ret = config.items(‘section1‘)
print(ret)

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(‘ss.ini‘,encoding="utf-8")
ret = config.options(‘section1‘)
print(ret)

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(‘ss.ini‘,encoding="utf-8")
ret = config.get(‘section1‘,‘k1‘)
print(ret)

import configparser
 
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read(‘ss.ini‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘)
 
# 检查
has_opt = config.has_option(‘section1‘, ‘k1‘)
print(has_opt)
 
# 删除
config.remove_option(‘section1‘, ‘k1‘)
config.write(open(‘ss.ini‘, ‘w‘))
 
# 设置
config.set(‘section1‘, ‘k10‘, "123")
config.write(open(‘ss.ini‘, ‘w‘))

import  hashlib

hash = hashlib.md5()

hash.update(bytes(‘xiaoqian‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘))
print(hash.hexdigest()) #md5值
print(hash.digest())

import logging

logging.basicConfig(filename=‘log_test.log‘,
                    level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format=‘%(asctime)s:%(levelname)s:%(filename)s:%(funcName)s:%(lineno)d:%(process)d %(message)s‘,
                    datefmt=‘%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S %p‘)


def sayhi():
    logging.error("from sayhi....")

sayhi()
logging.debug(‘This message should go to the log file‘)
logging.info(‘So should this‘)
logging.warning(‘And this, too‘)

import logging
fh = logging.FileHandler("access.log")
formatter = logging.Formatter(‘%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s‘)
fh.setFormatter(formatter)

import re

f = open("联系方式",‘r‘,encoding="utf-8")

data = f.read()
phones = re.findall("[0-9]{11}", data)

print(phones)

obj = re.match(‘\d+‘,‘123abc‘)
if obj:
    print(obj.group())

import re
obj = re.search(‘\d+‘,‘u123uu888asf‘)
if obj:
    print(obj.group())

import re
obj = re.findall(‘\d+‘,‘u123uu888asf‘)
if obj:
    print(obj)