Feign
Spring Cloud Feign是一套基于Netflix Feign实现的声明式服务调用客户端。它使得编写Web服务客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要通过创建接口并用注解来配置它既可完成对Web服务接口的绑定。它具备可插拔的注解支持,包括Feign注解、JAX-RS注解。它也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud Feign还扩展了对Spring MVC注解的支持,同时还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。
分布式应用早在十几年前就开始出现,各自的应用运行在各自的tomcat,jboss一类的容器中,他们之间的相互调用变成了一种远程调用,而实现远程调用的方式很多。按照协议划分,可以有RPC,Webservice,http。不同的框架也对他们有了各自的实现,如dubbo(x),motan就都是RPC框架,本文所要讲解的Feign便可以理解为一种http框架,用于分布式服务之间通过Http进行接口交互。说他是框架,有点过了,可以理解为一个http工具,只不过在spring cloud全家桶的体系中,它比httpclient,okhttp,retrofit这些http工具都要强大的多。
Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
Feign 整合了ribbon
继续用上一节的工程, 启动eureka-server,端口为8761; 启动service-hi 两次,端口分别为8762 、8773
创建一个feign的服务
新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为serice-feign,在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web
如果使用idea自己的导入的spring boot节点有可以能引入不了spring-cloud-starter-feign maven,
我的解决方法是换一个版本的spring boot的父节点
具体pom.xml节点如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.zhiwei</groupId> <artifactId>serice-feign</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>serice-feign</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、 Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <!--dependencyManagement版本选择Dalston.RC1负责下载不了feign包--> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Dalston.RC1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-snapshots</id> <name>Spring Snapshots</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> </project>
在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名为service-feign,端口号为8765,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代码如下:
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ server: port: 8765 spring: application: name: service-feign
在程序的启动类ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能
package cn.zhiwei; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableFeignClients//注解开启Feign的功能: public class SericeFeignApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SericeFeignApplication.class, args); } }
定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,代码如下:
package cn.zhiwei.service; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; /** * 定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。 * 比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口 * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/6. */ @FeignClient(value = "service-hi") @Component public interface SchedualServiceHi { @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET) String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name); }
在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下:
package cn.zhiwei.controller; import cn.zhiwei.service.SchedualServiceHi; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * 在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口, * 通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务 * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/6. */ @RestController public class HiController { @Autowired SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi; @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){ return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name); } }
启动程序,多次访问http://localhost:8765/hi?name=威哥,浏览器交替显示:
结果与上篇博客的效果一样