标签：put type click socket 模板引擎 正则表达 target 配置 read
对于所有的Web应用，本质上其实就是一个socket服务端，用户的浏览器其实就是一个socket客户端。
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
import socket
def handle_request(client):
buf = client.recv(1024)
client.send("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n")
client.send("Hello, Seven")
def main():
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind((‘localhost‘,8000))
sock.listen(5)
while True:
connection, address = sock.accept()
handle_request(connection)
connection.close()
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
main()
上述通过socket来实现了其本质，而对于真实开发中的python web程序来说，一般会分为两部分：服务器程序和应用程序。服务器程序负责对socket服务器进行封装，并在请求到来时，对请求的各种数据进行整理。应用程序则负责具体的逻辑处理。为了方便应用程序的开发，就出现了众多的Web框架，例如：Django、Flask、web.py 等。不同的框架有不同的开发方式，但是无论如何，开发出的应用程序都要和服务器程序配合，才能为用户提供服务。这样，服务器程序就需要为不同的框架提供不同的支持。这样混乱的局面无论对于服务器还是框架，都是不好的。对服务器来说，需要支持各种不同框架，对框架来说，只有支持它的服务器才能被开发出的应用使用。这时候，标准化就变得尤为重要。我们可以设立一个标准，只要服务器程序支持这个标准，框架也支持这个标准，那么他们就可以配合使用。一旦标准确定，双方各自实现。这样，服务器可以支持更多支持标准的框架，框架也可以使用更多支持标准的服务器。
WSGI（Web Server Gateway Interface）是一种规范，它定义了使用python编写的web app与web server之间接口格式，实现web app与web server间的解耦。
python标准库提供的独立WSGI服务器称为wsgiref。
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
def RunServer(environ, start_response):
start_response(‘200 OK‘, [(‘Content-Type‘, ‘text/html‘)])
return [bytes(‘<h1>Hello, web!</h1>‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘), ]
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
httpd = make_server(‘‘, 8000, RunServer)
print("Serving HTTP on port 8000...")
httpd.serve_forever()
Python的WEB框架有Django、Tornado、Flask 等多种，Django相较与其他WEB框架其优势为：大而全，框架本身集成了ORM、模型绑定、模板引擎、缓存、Session等诸多功能。
一、安装Django
pip install django
二、创建Django工程
三、程序目录
mysite
- mysite # 对整个程序进行配置
- init
- settings # 配置文件
- url # URL对应关系
- wsgi # 遵循WSIG规范，uwsgi + nginx
- manage.py # 管理Django程序：
- python manage.py
- python manage.py startapp xx
- python manage.py makemigrations
- python manage.py migrate
-templates #放置网页内容
# 运行Django功能
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000
四、创建app
# 创建app
python manage.py startapp cmdb
python manage.py startapp openstack
python manage.py startapp xxoo....
app：
migrations 数据修改表结构
admin Django为我们提供的后台管理
apps 配置当前app
models ORM,写指定的类 通过命令可以创建数据库结构
tests 单元测试
views 业务代码
五、工程前的默认配置
1.配置模板的路径
settings.py
MIDDLEWARE = [
‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘,
# ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘,
]
ROOT_URLCONF = ‘s14day19.urls‘
TEMPLATES = [
{
‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘,
‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘templates‘)]
,
‘APP_DIRS‘: True,
‘OPTIONS‘: {
‘context_processors‘: [
‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘,
‘django.template.context_processors.request‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘,
],
},
},
]
2.配置静态目录
新建static目录
settings.py中添加
STATIC_URL = ‘/static/‘
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),
)
下面就可以编写程序了
Django请求生命周期
-> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 返回用户字符串
-> URL对应关系（匹配） -> 视图函数 -> 打开一个HTML文件，读取内容
1.url
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from cmdb import views
urlpatterns = [
path(‘admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
path(‘login/‘, views.login),
path(‘home/‘, views.home),
]
2.基于正则表达式的url
re_path(‘detail-(\d+).html‘, views.detail), #一个函数对应多个页面 re_path(‘detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html‘, views.detail), #nid ,uid 一定按照顺序 re_path(‘detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html‘, views.detail), #绑定nid和uid
1 # def detail(request,nid): 2 # return HttpResponse(nid) 3 # # n = request.GET.get("nid") 4 # 5 # # info = USER_DICT[nid] 6 # # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info}) 7 # def detail(request, nid): 8 # info = USER_DICT[nid] 9 # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info}) 10 def detail(request,nid,uid): 11 print(nid,uid) 12 13 return HttpResponse(nid) 14 # info = USER_DICT[nid] 15 # return render(request,"detail.html",{"info":info})
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 {{ user_dict.user }} 9 <ul> 10 {% for k,row in user_dict.items %} 11 <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ row.user }}</a></li> 12 {% endfor %} 13 </ul> 14 <!-- 15 <ul> 16 {% for k,row in user_dict.items %} 17 <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail/?nid={{ k }}">{{ row.user }}</a></li> 18 {% endfor %} 19 </ul> 20 --> 21 22 </body> 23 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <h1>详细信息</h1> 9 <h3>用户名：{{ info.user }}</h3> 10 <h3>密码：{{ info.password }}</h3> 11 <h3>邮箱：{{ info.email }}</h3> 12 13 </body> 14 </html>
3.为路由映射设置名称
对URL路由关系进行命名， ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL *****
urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path(‘indfasfasdfdex/‘, views.index, name="index1"),
re_path(‘ind/(\d+)/‘, views.index, name="index2"),
re_path(‘ind/(\d+)/(\d+)/‘, views.index, name="index3"),
re_path(‘ind/(?P<nid>\d+)/(?P<uid>\d+)/‘, views.index, name="index4"),
]
views.py
def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
from django.urls import reverse
url1 = reverse(‘index1‘) # indefasfasdfdex/
url2 = reverse(‘index3‘, args=(1,2,)) # ind/1/2/
url3 = reverse(‘index4‘, kwargs={‘pid‘: 1, "nid": 9}) #ind/1/9/
xxx.html
{% url "index1" %} # indfasfasdfdex/
{% url "index2" 1 2 %} # ind/1/2/
{% url "index3" pid=1 nid=9 %} # ind/1/9/
注：
# 当前的URL
request.path_info
4.路由分发-----多级路由
主目录下的urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path(‘cmdb/‘,include("app01.urls")),
path(‘monitor/‘,include("app02.urls"))
]
app01下添加urls.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path(‘index/‘, views.index),
]
app02下添加urls.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app02 import views
urlpatterns = [
path(‘index/‘, views.index),
]
views.py
def func(request):
# 包含所有的请求数据
...
return HttpResponse(‘字符串‘)
return render(request, ‘index.html‘, {‘‘})
retrun redirect(‘URL‘)
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import redirect
USER_LIST=[
{"username":"zhangsan","gender":"man","email":"abc@123.com"},
{"username":"zhangsi","gender":"woman","email":"abc@123.com"},
{"username":"zhangwu","gender":"man","email":"abc@123.com"},
]
def home(request):
print(request.method)
if request.method == "POST":
user=request.POST.get("username")
gen=request.POST.get("gender")
ema=request.POST.get("email")
temp = {"username":user,"gender":gen,"email":ema}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
return render(request,"home.html",{"user_list":USER_LIST})
def login(request):
# f = open("templates/login.html","r",encoding="utf-8")
# date = f.read()
# f.close()
error_msg = " "
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user",None)
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd",None)
if user=="root" and pwd=="123":
return redirect("http://www.baidu.com")
else:
error_msg = "用户名密码错误"
return render(request,"login.html",{"error_msg":error_msg})
获取多数据和文件上传
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 <form action="/login/" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 9 <p> 10 <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名" /> 11 </p> 12 <p> 13 <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="密码" /> 14 </p> 15 <p> 16 男：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/> 17 女：<input type="radio" name="gender" value="2"/> 18 </p> 19 <p> 20 篮球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="11" /> 21 足球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="22" /> 22 排球：<input type="checkbox" name="faver" value="33" /> 23 </p> 24 <p> 25 <select name="city" multiple> 26 <option value="bj">北京</option> 27 <option value="sh">上海</option> 28 <option value="tj">天津</option> 29 </select> 30 </p> 31 <p> 32 <input type="file" name="filesss"/> 33 </p> 34 <p> 35 <input type="submit" value="提交" /> 36 </p> 37 </form> 38 </body> 39 </html>
1 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect 2 3 # Create your views here. 4 5 def index(request): 6 return HttpResponse("Welcome to Index!") 7 8 def login(request): 9 ‘‘‘if request.method == "GET": 10 return render(request, "login.html") 11 elif request.method == "POST": 12 u= request.POST.get("user") 13 p= request.POST.get("password") 14 15 if u == "abc" and p == "123": 16 return redirect("/index/") 17 else: 18 return render(request,"login.html") 19 else: 20 return redirect("/index/") 21 ‘‘‘ 22 23 if request.method == "GET": 24 return render(request, "login.html") 25 elif request.method == "POST": 26 # v = request.POST.get("gender") 27 # print(v) 28 # v = request.POST.getlist("faver") 29 # print(v) 30 # v = request.POST.getlist("city") 31 # print(v) 32 33 # 文件上传 34 obj =request.FILES.get("filesss") 35 import os 36 file_path = os.path.join("upload",obj.name) 37 f= open(file_path,mode="wb") 38 for i in obj.chunks(): 39 f.write(i) 40 f.close() 41 42 43 44 return render(request, "login.html") 45 else: 46 return redirect("/index/")
FBV & CBV
url.py index ---> 函数名
views.py def 函数（request）:................
FBV /index/ -> 函数名
CBV /index/ -> 类
from django.views import View
class Home(View):
def get(self,request):
print(request.method)
return render(request,"home.html")
def post(self,request):
print(request.method,"post")
return render(request, "home.html")
模板语言
return render(request, ‘index.html‘, {‘li‘: [11,22,33]})
{% for item in li %}
<h1>{{item}}</h1>
{% endfor %}
*********** 索引用点 **********
<h2> {{item.0 }} </h2>
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 </head> 7 <body style="margin: 0"> 8 <div style="background-color: #eeeeee;height: 50px;"></div> 9 <form action="/home/" method="post"> 10 <p> 11 <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名" /> 12 </p> 13 <p> 14 <input type="text" name="gender" placeholder="性别" /> 15 </p> 16 <p> 17 <input type="text" name="email" placeholder="邮箱" /> 18 </p> 19 <p> 20 <input type="submit" value="提交" /> 21 </p> 22 </form> 23 <div> 24 <table> 25 {% for row in user_list %} 26 <tr> 27 <td>{{ row.username }}</td> 28 <td>{{ row.gender }}</td> 29 <td>{{ row.email }}</td> 30 </tr> 31 {% endfor %} 32 </table> 33 </div> 34 </body> 35 </html>
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>Title</title> 6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/commons.css" /> 7 <style> 8 label{ 9 width: 80px; 10 text-align: right; 11 display: inline-block; 12 } 13 </style> 14 </head> 15 <body> 16 <form action="/login/" method="post"> 17 <p> 18 <label for="username">用户名：</label> 19 <input id="username" name="user" type="text" /> 20 </p> 21 <p> 22 <label for="password">密码：</label> 23 <input id="password" name="pwd" type="text" /> 24 <input type="submit" value="提交" /> 25 <span style="color: red">{{ error_msg }}</span> 26 </p> 27 </form> 28 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> 29 </body> 30 </html>
*******************************To Be Continue************************************
Python自动化开发学习的第十一周----WEB框架--Django基础
标签：put type click socket 模板引擎 正则表达 target 配置 read
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/garrett0220/p/8677260.html
