标签：reader pos home sql roo less char computer log4
os模块的作用：
os，语义为操作系统，所以肯定就是操作系统相关的功能了，可以处理文件和目录这些我们日常手动需要做的操作，就比如说：显示当前目录下所有文件/删除某个文件/获取文件大小等等。
os模块的常用功能：
1 os.name #显示当前使用的平台
>>> os.name ‘nt‘ #这表示Windows >>> os.name ‘posix‘ #这表示Linux
2 os.getcwd() #显示当前python脚本工作路径
>>> os.getcwd() ‘C:\\Users\\Capital-D\\PycharmProjects\\untitled‘ #使用pycharm >>> os.getcwd() ‘/root‘ #Linux平台在/root目录直接使用python3命令
3 os.listdir(‘dirname‘) #返回指定目录下的所有文件和目录名
#相对于os.getcwd路径下的文件 >>> os.listdir() [‘.idea‘, ‘test‘] >>> os.listdir() [‘.bash_logout‘, ‘Python-3.4.4‘, ‘.mysql_history‘, ‘.tcshrc‘, ‘Python-3.4.4.tar.xz‘, ‘.bash_profile‘, ‘.lesshst‘, ‘install.log.syslog‘, ‘.cshrc‘, ‘04.sql‘, ‘anaconda-ks.cfg‘, ‘test‘, ‘.viminfo‘, ‘phpMyAdmin-4.4.15-all-languages.tar.bz2‘, ‘1test‘, ‘.bashrc‘, ‘binlog.sql‘, ‘back.sql‘, ‘install.log‘, ‘binlog4.sql‘, ‘.bash_history‘, ‘backup.sql‘, ‘text.py‘, ‘.rnd‘, ‘test1‘]
4 os.remove(‘filename‘) #删除一个文件
[root@slyoyo ~]# touch hahaha [root@slyoyo ~]# ls 04.sql back.sql binlog.sql install.log.syslog Python-3.4.4.tar.xz text.py 1test backup.sql hahaha phpMyAdmin-4.4.15-all-languages.tar.bz2 test anaconda-ks.cfg binlog4.sql install.log Python-3.4.4 test1 #hahaha（粉色字体）存在 [root@slyoyo ~]# python3 Python 3.4.4 (default, Apr 5 2016, 04:23:19) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import os >>> os.remove(‘hahaha‘) >>> exit() [root@slyoyo ~]# ls 04.sql anaconda-ks.cfg backup.sql binlog.sql install.log.syslog Python-3.4.4 test text.py 1test back.sql binlog4.sql install.log phpMyAdmin-4.4.15-all-languages.tar.bz2 Python-3.4.4.tar.xz test1 #hahaha已被删
5 os.makedirs(‘dirname/dirname‘) #可生成多层递归目录
[root@slyoyo ~]# ls 04.sql anaconda-ks.cfg backup.sql binlog.sql install.log.syslog Python-3.4.4 test text.py 1test back.sql binlog4.sql install.log phpMyAdmin-4.4.15-all-languages.tar.bz2 Python-3.4.4.tar.xz test1 [root@slyoyo ~]# python3 Python 3.4.4 (default, Apr 5 2016, 04:23:19) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import os >>> os.makedirs(‘hahaha/linghuchong‘) >>> exit() [root@slyoyo ~]# ls 04.sql back.sql binlog.sql install.log.syslog Python-3.4.4.tar.xz text.py 1test backup.sql hahaha phpMyAdmin-4.4.15-all-languages.tar.bz2 test anaconda-ks.cfg binlog4.sql install.log Python-3.4.4 test1 [root@slyoyo ~]# ls hahaha/ linghuchong [root@slyoyo ~]# ls hahaha/linghuchong/ [root@slyoyo ~]#
6 os.rmdir(‘dirname‘) #删除单级目录
[root@slyoyo ~]# ls 04.sql back.sql binlog.sql install.log.syslog Python-3.4.4.tar.xz text.py 1test backup.sql hahaha phpMyAdmin-4.4.15-all-languages.tar.bz2 test anaconda-ks.cfg binlog4.sql install.log Python-3.4.4 test1 [root@slyoyo ~]# ls hahaha/ linghuchong [root@slyoyo ~]# ls hahaha/linghuchong/ [root@slyoyo ~]# python3 Python 3.4.4 (default, Apr 5 2016, 04:23:19) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import os >>> os.rmdir(‘hahaha/linghuchong‘) >>> exit() [root@slyoyo ~]# ls hahaha/ [root@slyoyo ~]#
7 os.rename("oldname","newname") #重命名文件
>>> os.getcwd() ‘/root/hahaha‘ >>> os.listdir() [‘test‘] >>> os.rename(‘test‘,‘test_new‘) >>> os.listdir() [‘test_new‘]
8 os.system() #运行shell命令,注意：这里是打开一个新的shell，运行命令，当命令结束后，关闭shell
>>> os.system(‘pwd‘) /root/hahaha 0
9 os.sep #显示当前平台下路径分隔符
>>> os.sep ‘/‘ #linux >>> os.sep ‘\\‘ #windows
10 os.linesep #给出当前平台使用的行终止符
>>> os.linesep ‘\n‘ #linux >>> os.linesep ‘\r\n‘ #windows
11 os.environ #获取系统环境变量
os.environ environ({‘USERPROFILE‘: ‘C:\\Users\\Capital-D‘, ‘PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE‘: ‘x86‘, ‘SESSIONNAME‘: ‘Console‘, ‘UGII_BASE_DIR‘: ‘D:\\Program Files (x86)\\Siemens\\NX 8.0‘, ‘COMMONPROGRAMW6432‘: ‘C:\\Program Files\\Common Files‘, ‘COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)‘: ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files‘, ‘MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH‘: ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Foxit Software\\Foxit Reader\\plugins\\‘, ‘ALLUSERSPROFILE‘: ‘C:\\ProgramData‘, ‘PYTHONIOENCODING‘: ‘UTF-8‘, ‘NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS‘: ‘4‘, ‘APPDATA‘: ‘C:\\Users\\Capital-D\\AppData\\Roaming‘, ‘TERM‘: ‘emacs‘, ‘TEMP‘: ‘C:\\Users\\CAPITA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp‘, ‘PROGRAMDATA‘: ‘C:\\ProgramData‘, ‘COMSPEC‘: ‘C:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe‘, ‘WINDIR‘: ‘C:\\windows‘, ‘PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER‘: ‘Intel64 Family 6 Model 58 Stepping 9, GenuineIntel‘, ‘PATHEXT‘: ‘.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.PY‘, ‘PATH‘: ‘C:\\ProgramData\\Oracle\\Java\\javapath;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files\\NetSarang;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\NVIDIA Corporation\\PhysX\\Common;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Intel\\iCLS Client\\;C:\\Program Files\\Intel\\iCLS Client\\;C:\\windows\\system32;C:\\windows;C:\\windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Program Files\\Intel\\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\\DAL;C:\\Program Files\\Intel\\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\\IPT;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Intel\\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\\DAL;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Intel\\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\\IPT‘, ‘UGII_ROOT_DIR‘: ‘D:\\Program Files (x86)\\Siemens\\NX 8.0\\UGII\\‘, ‘COMPUTERNAME‘: ‘IDEA-PC‘, ‘USERDOMAIN‘: ‘idea-PC‘, ‘TMP‘: ‘C:\\Users\\CAPITA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp‘, ‘SYSTEMROOT‘: ‘C:\\windows‘, ‘PROCESSOR_REVISION‘: ‘3a09‘, ‘FP_NO_HOST_CHECK‘: ‘NO‘, ‘PROGRAMFILES‘: ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)‘, ‘PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE‘: ‘1‘, ‘LOCALAPPDATA‘: ‘C:\\Users\\Capital-D\\AppData\\Local‘, ‘PYTHONUNBUFFERED‘: ‘1‘, ‘LOGONSERVER‘: ‘\\\\IDEA-PC‘, ‘UGII_LANG‘: ‘simpl_chinese‘, ‘SYSTEMDRIVE‘: ‘C:‘, ‘PUBLIC‘: ‘C:\\Users\\Public‘, ‘HOMEPATH‘: ‘\\Users\\Capital-D‘, ‘PYTHONPATH‘: ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)\\JetBrains\\PyCharm 5.0.2\\helpers\\pydev‘, ‘USERNAME‘: ‘Capital-D‘, ‘UGS_LICENSE_SERVER‘: ‘28000@idea-pc‘, ‘USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE‘: ‘idea-PC‘, ‘PYCHARM_HOSTED‘: ‘1‘, ‘OS‘: ‘Windows_NT‘, ‘PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432‘: ‘AMD64‘, ‘PROGRAMFILES(X86)‘: ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)‘, ‘PROGRAMW6432‘: ‘C:\\Program Files‘, ‘PSMODULEPATH‘: ‘C:\\windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules\\‘, ‘COMMONPROGRAMFILES‘: ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files‘, ‘IPYTHONENABLE‘: ‘True‘, ‘HOMEDRIVE‘: ‘C:‘, ‘CONFIGSETROOT‘: ‘C:\\windows\\ConfigSetRoot‘, ‘PROCESSOR_LEVEL‘: ‘6‘})
12 os.path.abspath(path) #显示当前绝对路径
>>> os.path.abspath(‘test‘) ‘C:\\Users\\Capital-D\\PycharmProjects\\untitled\\test‘
13 os.path.dirname(path) #返回该路径的父目录
>>> os.path.abspath(‘test‘) ‘C:\\Users\\Capital-D\\PycharmProjects\\untitled\\test‘ >>> os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(‘test‘)) ‘C:\\Users\\Capital-D\\PycharmProjects\\untitled‘
14 os.path.basename(path) #返回该路径的最后一个目录或者文件,如果path以／或\结尾，那么就会返回空值。
>>> os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(‘test‘)) ‘C:\\Users\\Capital-D\\PycharmProjects\\untitled‘ >>> os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(‘test‘))) ‘untitled‘
15 os.path.isfile(path) #如果path是一个文件，则返回True
[root@slyoyo ~]# ls 04.sql back.sql binlog.sql install.log.syslog Python-3.4.4.tar.xz text.py 1test backup.sql hahaha phpMyAdmin-4.4.15-all-languages.tar.bz2 test anaconda-ks.cfg binlog4.sql install.log Python-3.4.4 test1 [root@slyoyo ~]# python3 Python 3.4.4 (default, Apr 5 2016, 04:23:19) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import os >>> os.path.isfile(‘test‘) True
16 os.path.isdir(path) #如果path是一个目录，则返回True
>>> os.path.isdir(‘hahaha‘) True
17 os.stat() #获取文件或者目录信息
>>> os.stat(‘test‘) os.stat_result(st_mode=33188, st_ino=137149, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=85, st_atime=1462373193, st_mtime=1462373186, st_ctime=1462373186)
18 os.path.split(path) #将path分割成路径名和文件名。（事实上，如果你完全使用目录，它也会将最后一个目录作为文件名而分离，同时它不会判断文件或目录是否存在）
>>> os.path.split(‘/root/test‘) (‘/root‘, ‘test‘)
19 os.path.join(path,name) #连接目录与文件名或目录 结果为path/name
>>> os.path.join(‘/root/haha‘,‘test‘) ‘/root/haha/test‘
标签：reader pos home sql roo less char computer log4
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/guolei2570/p/8830435.html
