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Spring  MVC 背景介绍

Spring 框架提供了构建 Web 应用程序的全功能 MVC 模块。使用 Spring 可插入的 MVC 架构，可以选择是使用内置的 Spring Web 框架还是 Struts 这样的 Web 框架。通过策略接口，Spring 框架是高度可配置的，而且包含多种视图技术，例如 JavaServer Pages（JSP）技术、Velocity、Tiles、iText 和 POI。Spring MVC 框架并不知道使用的视图，所以不会强迫您只使用 JSP 技术。Spring MVC 分离了控制器、模型对象、分派器以及处理程序对象的角色，这种分离让它们更容易进行定制。

注：本项目全部基于XML配置。同时，集成了hibernate。采用的是：spring MVC+hibernate+spring的开发架构。

：转载为尚学堂资料。

1. 建立web项目
2. 导入jar包(spring.jar, spring-webmvc.jar, commons-logging.jar。其他jar包为hibernate相关jar包)
3. 修改web.xml如下：

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <web-app version="2.5" 
       xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
       http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">>
       <servlet>
           <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
           <servlet-class>
               org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
           </servlet-class>
           <init-param>
               <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
               <param-value>/WEB-INF/hib-config.xml,/WEB-INF/web-config.xml,/WEB-INF/service-config.xml,/WEB-INF/dao-config.xml</param-value>
           </init-param>
           <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
       </servlet>
       <servlet-mapping>
           <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
           <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
       </servlet-mapping>
   </web-app>

4. 增加web-config.xml(这里包含spring mvc相关的相关配置)

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
       xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
       
       <!-- Controller方法调用规则定义 -->
       <bean id="paraMethodResolver"
           class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.ParameterMethodNameResolver">
           <property name="paramName" value="action"/>
           <property name="defaultMethodName" value="list"/>
       </bean>
     
      <!-- 页面View层基本信息设定 -->
       <bean id="viewResolver"
             class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
           <property name="viewClass"
               value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
           <!--<property name="prefix" value="/myjsp/"/>-->
           <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
       </bean>
   
   <!-- servlet映射列表,所有控制层Controller的servlet在这里定义 -->
       <bean id="urlMapping"
             class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
           <property name="mappings">
               <props>
                   <prop key="user.do">userController</prop>
               </props>
           </property>
       </bean>
   
   <bean id="userController" class="com.sxt.action.UserController">
       <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
   </bean>
   </beans>

5. 在WEB-INF下增加service-config.xml(这里包含service层类的相关配置)

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
       xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
   
       <bean id="userService" class="com.sxt.service.UserService">
           <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
       </bean>
       
   </beans>

    

6. 在WEB-INF下增加hib-config.xml(这里包含spring集成hibernate相关的配置)

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
   ">
       <context:component-scan  base-package="com.sxt"/>   
       <!-- 支持aop注解 -->
       <aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
       
           
       <bean id="dataSource"  
               class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">  
               <property name="driverClassName"  
                   value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver">  
               </property>  
               <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myhib"></property>  
               <property name="username" value="root"></property>  
               <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
       </bean>  
   
      <bean id="sessionFactory"  
          class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">  
              <property name="dataSource">  
                  <ref bean="dataSource" />  
              </property>
              <property name="hibernateProperties">  
                  <props>  
                      <!-- key的名字前面都要加hibernate. -->
                      <prop key="hibernate.dialect">  
                          org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect  
                      </prop>  
                      <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                      <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                  </props>
              </property>
           <property name="packagesToScan">
               <value>com.sxt.po</value>
           </property>
      </bean>  
   
   <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate" >
       <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
   </bean>
   
   <!--配置一个JdbcTemplate实例-->  
   <bean id="jdbcTemplate"  class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">   
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>   
   </bean>  
   
   
   <!-- 配置事务管理 -->
   <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
       <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
   </bean>
   <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" />
   <aop:config> 
       <aop:pointcut expression="execution(public * com.sxt.service.impl.*.*(..))" id="businessService"/> 
       <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="businessService" /> 
   </aop:config> 
   <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager" > 
       <tx:attributes> 
           <tx:method name="find*"  read-only="true" propagation="NOT_SUPPORTED"  /> 
           <!-- get开头的方法不需要在事务中运行 。 
           有些情况是没有必要使用事务的，比如获取数据。开启事务本身对性能是有一定的影响的--> 
           <tx:method name="*"/>    <!-- 其他方法在实务中运行 --> 
       </tx:attributes> 
   </tx:advice> 
   
   </beans>

    

7. 在WEB-INF下增加dao-config.xml(这里包含dao层类的相关配置)

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
       xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
       
       <bean id="userDao" class="com.sxt.dao.UserDao">
         <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"></property>
       </bean>
   </beans>

    

8. 建立相关类和包结构，如下图所示：

    

9. 各类代码：

   package com.sxt.po;
   
   import javax.persistence.Entity;
   import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
   import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
   import javax.persistence.Id;
   
   @Entity
   public class User {
       @Id
       @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
       private int id;
       private String uname;
       public int getId() {
           return id;
       }
       public void setId(int id) {
           this.id = id;
       }
       public String getUname() {
           return uname;
       }
       public void setUname(String uname) {
           this.uname = uname;
       }
   }
   package com.sxt.dao;
   
   import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
   
   import com.sxt.po.User;
   
   public class UserDao {
       private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
       
       public void add(User u){
           System.out.println("UserDao.add()");
           hibernateTemplate.save(u);
       }
   
       public HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
           return hibernateTemplate;
       }
   
       public void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) {
           this.hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate;
       }
       
   }
   package com.sxt.service;
   
   import com.sxt.dao.UserDao;
   import com.sxt.po.User;
   
   public class UserService {
       
       private UserDao userDao;
       
       public void add(String uname){
           System.out.println("UserService.add()");
           User u = new User();
           u.setUname(uname);
           userDao.add(u);
       }
   
       public UserDao getUserDao() {
           return userDao;
       }
   
       public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
           this.userDao = userDao;
       }
       
   }
   package com.sxt.action;
   
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   
   import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
   import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
   
   import com.sxt.service.UserService;
   
   public class UserController implements Controller {
   
       private UserService userService;
       
       @Override
       public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest req,
               HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
           System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()");
           req.setAttribute("a", "aaaa");
           userService.add(req.getParameter("uname")); 
           return new ModelAndView("index");
       }
   
       public UserService getUserService() {
           return userService;
       }
   
       public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
           this.userService = userService;
       }
   
       
   }

   1.       运行测试：

   http://locahost:8080/springmvc01/user.do?uname=zhangsan。

    

   结果：数据库中增加zhangsan的记录。页面跳转到index.jsp上，显示

基于spring2.5的采用XML配置的spring MVC项目

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/yswyzh/p/8977208.html