基本流程：
1.Mysql多实例介绍
2.安装MySQL多实例
3.创建MySQL多实例的数据文件目录以及配置文件
4.创建MySQL多实例的启动文件
5.配置文件权限和软链接
6.初始化MySQL多实例的数据库文件
7.启动MySQL多实例数据库
8.配置和管理MySQL多实例数据库
流程一：Mysql多实例介绍
简单的说,Mysql多实例就是在一台服务器上同时开启多个不同的服务端口(如 : 3306/3307/3308)同时运行多个Mysql服务器,这些服务进程通过不同的socket来监听不同的服务端口来提供服务
这些Mysql多实例共用一套Mysql安装程序,使用不同的my.cnf配置文件,启动程序,和数据文件,在提供服务时,多实例Mysql在逻辑上来看是各自独立的,他们根据配置文件对应设定值,获得服务器相应的资源
流程二：安装MySQL多实例
1）安装MySQL所需的依赖包
yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
yum install cmake -y
2）获取MySQL二进制包以及安装
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
id mysql
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 解压并创建软连接（这是二进制安装包，仅需要解压就可以，不需要cmake/configure，make&&make install等过程）
tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /application/
mv mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.32
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql
cd /application/mysql
ls -l support-files/*.cnf
流程三：创建MySQL多实例的数据文件目录以及配置文件
mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data
cd /data/3306
[root@localhost 3306]# cat my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3306
socket=/data/3306/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3306/mysqlerr.log
log_bin=/data/3306/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip_name_resolve=1
server_id=3306
port=3306
cd /data/3307
[root@localhost 3307]# cat my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3307/mysqlerr.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip_name_resolve=1
server_id=3307
port=3307
#实际工作中我们都是拿早已配置好的模板来进行修改的，这里用醉简单的模板来做演示
流程四：创建MySQL多实例的启动文件
cd /data/3306
[root@localhost 3306]# cat mysqld
. /etc/init.d/functions
. /etc/profile
Start='/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf --pid-file=/data/3306/3306.pid'
Stop='mysqladmin -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock shutdown'
Port=`ss -tunlp|grep 3306|wc -l`
function START(){
if [ $Port -ne 1 ];then
$Start >/dev/null 2>&1 &
sleep 3
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action 'MySQL 3306 Starting' /bin/true
fi
else
action 'MySQL 3306 Already Exists' /bin/true
fi
}
function STOP(){
if [ $Port -ne 0 ];then
$Stop
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action 'MySQL Stoping Successfuly' /bin/true
fi
else
action 'MySQL already Stoped' /bin/true
fi
}
function RESTART(){
STOP
sleep 1
START
}
case $1 in
start)
START
;;
stop)
STOP
;;
restart)
RESTART
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
;;
esac
cd /data/3307
[root@localhost 3307]# cat mysqld
. /etc/init.d/functions
. /etc/profile
Start='/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf --pid-file=/data/3307/3307.pid'
Stop='mysqladmin -uroot -S /data/3307/mysql.sock shutdown'
Port=`ss -tunlp|grep 3307|wc -l`
function START(){
if [ $Port -ne 1 ];then
$Start >/dev/null 2>&1 &
sleep 3
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action 'MySQL 3307 Starting' /bin/true
fi
else
action 'MySQL 3307 Already Exists' /bin/true
fi
}
function STOP(){
if [ $Port -ne 0 ];then
$Stop
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action 'MySQL Stoping Successfuly' /bin/true
fi
else
action 'MySQL already Stoped' /bin/true
fi
}
function RESTART(){
STOP
sleep 1
START
}
case $1 in
start)
START
;;
stop)
STOP
;;
restart)
RESTART
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
;;
esac
流程五：配置文件权限和软链接
[root@localhost 3307]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/
[root@localhost 3307]# find /data/ -name mysqld|xargs ls -l
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 794 May 3 11:55 /data/3306/mysqld
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 794 May 3 11:55 /data/3307/mysqld
[root@localhost 3307]# find /data/ -name mysqld|xargs chmod 700
[root@localhost 3307]# ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin/
流程六：初始化MySQL多实例的数据库文件
cd /application/mysql/scripts
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306 --user=mysql
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307 --user=mysql
初始化数据库后可以看到对应实例目录下会多了如下文件，省略部分
[root@localhost scripts]# tree /data/|head -10
/data/
├── 3306
│ ├── data
│ ├── my.cnf
│ ├── mysql
│ │ ├── columns_priv.frm
│ │ ├── columns_priv.MYD
│ │ ├── columns_priv.MYI
│ │ ├── db.frm
│ │ ├── db.MYD
流程七：启动MySQL多实例数据库
sed -i "s#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g" /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe #修改脚本执行路径
[root@localhost scripts]# /data/3306/mysqld start
MySQL 3306 Starting [ OK ]
[root@localhost scripts]# /data/3307/mysqld start
MySQL 3306 Starting [ OK ]
[root@localhost 3307]# netstat -tnlp | grep 330
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7983/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 8271/mysqld
流程八：配置和管理MySQL多实例数据库
1）加入开机自启
[root@localhost 3306]# echo "#mysql multi instances" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@localhost 3306]# echo "/data/3306/mysqld start" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@localhost 3306]# echo "/data/3307/mysqld start" >> /etc/rc.local
2）登录MySQL测试
[root@localhost 3306]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock #mysql.sock用于区分登录不同的实例
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| data |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3）MySQL多实例数据库的管理方法
无密码情况下登录数据库方法：
mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
重启对应实例数据库的命令：
/data/3306/mysqld restart
4）MySQL安全配置
通过mysqladmin命令为MySQL不同实例的数据库设置独立的密码，命令如下：
[root@localhost 3306]# mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock password 'ywxi123'
[root@localhost 3306]# mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3307/mysql.sock password 'ywxi123'
[root@localhost 3306]# mysql -uroot -pywxi123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
[root@localhost 3306]# mysql -uroot -pywxi123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
5）再增加一个MySQL的实例
mkdir -p /data/3308/data
\cp /data/3306/mysqld /data/3308/
\cp /data/3306/my.cnf /data/3308/
sed -i 's/3306/3308/g' /data/3308/my.cnf
sed -i 's/3306/3308/g' /data/3308/mysqld
chmod 700 /data/3308/mysqld
cd /application/mysql/scripts/
./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308 --user=mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/3308/
egrep "server_id|log_bin" /data/3308/my.cnf
/data/3308/mysqld start
netstat -tnlp | grep 3308
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13707680/2112502
