首先画了一个比较简单的Linux开机过程的流程图,如下所示:
接下来简单介绍一下整个开机的流程
[root@lnmp ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=mbr.bin bs=512 count=1 #<==将MBR内容写入到mbr.bin文件中
[root@lnmp ~]# hexdump -C mbr.bin #<==读取MBR文件的内容
00000000 eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00 b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0 |.H..............|
00000010 fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9 00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00 |...|.........!..|
00000020 00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b 83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75 |....8.u........u|
00000030 f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb 00 7c b2 80 8a 74 03 02 |.........|...t..|
00000040 80 00 00 80 04 81 00 00 00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |................|
00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......|
00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r|
00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.|
00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......|
000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........|
000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1d ba 08 00 00 00 80 20 |............... |
000001c0 21 00 83 9f 06 19 00 08 00 00 00 40 06 00 00 9f |!..........@....|
000001d0 07 19 82 b4 56 1e 00 48 06 00 00 00 40 00 00 b4 |....V..H....@...|
000001e0 57 1e 83 fe ff ff 00 48 46 00 00 b8 39 02 00 00 |W......HF...9...|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
[root@lnmp ~]# cat /etc/grub.conf #<==查看grub菜单中的内容
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda3
# initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda #<==这里说明了分区所在位置
default=0 #<==菜单项0表示第一项,如果是多系统可以修改此选项
timeout=5 #<==在菜单到自动启动系统前的停留时间,单位为sec,可按需分配
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz #<==启动菜单的背景图标
hiddenmenu
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64) #<==启动项目名称,可随意修改
root (hd0,0) #<==root所在的位置,hd0,0参考磁盘在linux下的命名与定义
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=5d8f1941-33a9-42b5-9b2f-2ed8f87ef31f rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img #<==内核的具体参数配置等
[root@lnmp ~]# ps -ef |grep -v grep |grep init
root 1 0 0 Apr21 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/init
[root@lnmp ~]# egrep -v "#" /etc/inittab #<==查看除注释以外的内容
id:3:initdefault: #<==定义了系统启动时的runlevel级别
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/13178102/2115513