标签:注意 bio utils 阵列 minimum paste 服务器系统 uid nod
一、业务部门需求说明:公司最近来了一批服务器,用于大数据业务部署。数据节点服务器由14块物理磁盘,其中有2块是900G的盘,12块是4T的盘。在服务器系统安装时,进入系统的BIOS界面:1)将2块900G的磁盘做成raid1用作系统盘;2)将其中的2块4T的磁盘做成raid1,分别挂载到/data1和/data2用作大数据日志存储;3)另外的10块4T的磁盘在系统安装时没做raid也没做分区,打算在系统安装后,登录到系统终端通过命令行进行直接进行10块盘的格式化,并分别挂载到/data3、/data4、/data5、/data6、/data7、/data8、/data9、/data10、/data11、/data12,用作大数据业务的数据盘,文件格式为ext4,采用uuid方式挂载,挂载属性为noatime,nobarrier。
待服务器系统安装后,登录机器,使用"fdisk -l"命令,发现除了看到4块做raid的盘,其余的10块物理磁盘看不到:
[root@data-node01 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 2001.1 GB, 2001111154688 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243287 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004a319 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 243288 1954208768 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdd: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdf: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sde: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdh: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda: 899.5 GB, 899527213056 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 109361 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00026ac4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 52 409600 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 52 4229 33554432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 4229 109362 844479488 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1999.1 GB, 1999114010624 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243045 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006d390 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 243046 1952258048 83 Linux
这时候,需要用到一款管理维护硬件RAID软件-MegaCli,它可以通过它来了解当前raid卡的所有信息,包括 raid卡的型号,raid的阵列类型,raid 上各磁盘状态,等等。操作记录如下:
1)下载及安装MegaCLI工具 下载地址:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TAGHjTA19ZR8MGODaqy7Mg 提取密码:msbq 下载到/usr/loca/src目录下 [root@data-node01 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@data-node01 src]# ls ibm_utl_sraidmr_megacli-8.00.48_linux_32-64.zip [root@data-node01 src]# unzip ibm_utl_sraidmr_megacli-8.00.48_linux_32-64.zip [root@data-node01 src]# cd linux/ [root@data-node01 linux]# ls Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm MegaCli-8.00.48-1.i386.rpm [root@data-node01 linux]# rpm -ivh Lib_Utils-1.00-09.noarch.rpm MegaCli-8.00.48-1.i386.rpm 说明:安装完毕之后MegaCli64所在路径为/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64,在此路径下可以运行MegaCli64工具,切换到其它路径下则不能执行, 此时为了使用方便,可以考虑将/opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64追加到系统PATH变量,或者像下面这样做(建议): [root@data-node01 linux]# ln -s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /bin/MegaCli64 [root@data-node01 linux]# ln -s /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 /sbin/MegaCli64 2)使用MegaCli64命令进行相关操作 先查看磁盘数量。如下可以看出,一共有14块物理磁盘 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL | egrep ‘Enclosure Device ID|Slot Number‘ Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 0 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 1 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 2 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 3 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 4 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 5 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 6 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 7 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 8 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 9 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 10 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 11 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 12 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 13 接着查看磁盘信息 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL Adapter #0 Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 0 Enclosure position: 0 Device Id: 0 Sequence Number: 2 Media Error Count: 0 Other Error Count: 0 Predictive Failure Count: 0 Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0 PD Type: SATA Raw Size: 3.638 TB [0x1d1c0beb0 Sectors] Non Coerced Size: 3.637 TB [0x1d1b0beb0 Sectors] Coerced Size: 3.637 TB [0x1d1b00000 Sectors] Firmware state: Online, Spun Up SAS Address(0): 0x500056b3983fbac0 Connected Port Number: 0(path0) Inquiry Data: 4837K2DVF7DETOSHIBA MG04ACA400NY FK3D FDE Capable: Not Capable FDE Enable: Disable Secured: Unsecured Locked: Unlocked Needs EKM Attention: No Foreign State: None Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s Media Type: Hard Disk Device Drive Temperature :30C (86.00 F) ........... ........... Enclosure Device ID: 32 Slot Number: 3 Enclosure position: 0 Device Id: 3 Sequence Number: 2 Media Error Count: 0 Other Error Count: 0 Predictive Failure Count: 0 Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0 PD Type: SATA Raw Size: 3.638 TB [0x1d1c0beb0 Sectors] Non Coerced Size: 3.637 TB [0x1d1b0beb0 Sectors] Coerced Size: 3.637 TB [0x1d1b00000 Sectors] Firmware state: unconfigured(good), Spun Up SAS Address(0): 0x500056b3983fbac3 Connected Port Number: 0(path0) Inquiry Data: 4838K1VCF7DETOSHIBA MG04ACA400NY FK3D FDE Capable: Not Capable FDE Enable: Disable Secured: Unsecured Locked: Unlocked Needs EKM Attention: No Foreign State: None Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s Media Type: Hard Disk Device Drive Temperature :30C (86.00 F) ........... ........... 如上命令结果信息中,注意查看"Firmware state"的状态: 如果该状态为Online,就说明该磁盘已被做成raid阵列, 如果该状态为unconfigured(good),就说明该磁盘没有被做成raid阵列,但状态OK。 由上面命令可知,前2块4T的磁盘做成了raid,其余10块4T的磁盘没有做raid,另2块900G的磁盘做成了raid。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 现在的做法是: 通过MegaCli工具将那10块4T的磁盘分别做成raid0,然后格式化成ext4,并使用uuid方式挂载。 依次对第3-12块盘做成raid0阵列,其中: -r0表示做成raid0阵列,[32:2]中的32为Enclosure Device ID,5为Slot Number。 WB Direct:磁盘Write back [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:2] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:3] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:4] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:5] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:6] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:7] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:8] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:9] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:10] WB Direct -a0 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -CfgLdAdd -r0[32:11] WB Direct -a0 然后再次查看磁盘情况,发现"Firmware state"的状态都为Online,即所有磁盘都在raid阵列中了。 [root@data-node01 linux]# MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL 然后使用"fdisk -l"就能发现所有的物理磁盘了 [root@data-node01 linux]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1993.4 GB, 1993414541312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 242352 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000cd8df Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 242353 1946692608 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda: 899.5 GB, 899527213056 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 109361 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000b231b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 52 409600 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 52 4229 33554432 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 4229 109362 844479488 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 2006.8 GB, 2006810624000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243980 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000010e5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 243981 1959774208 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdd: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sde: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdf: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdg: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdh: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdi: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdj: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdk: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdl: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdm: 4000.2 GB, 4000225165312 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 486333 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 对这10块磁盘进行格式化,脚本如下: [root@data-node01 ~]# cat disk.list /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh /dev/sdi /dev/sdj /dev/sdk /dev/sdl /dev/sdm [root@data-node01 ~]# cat mkfs.disk.sh #!/bin/bash for i in `cat /root/disk.list` do echo ‘y‘ | /sbin/mkfs.ext4 $i & done [root@data-node01 ~]# sh -x mkfs.disk.sh 接着进行挂载 [root@data-node01 ~]# /bin/mkdir /data{3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12} 查看这10块盘的uuid(下面两种方式都可以) [root@data-node01 ~]# blkid [root@data-node01 ~]# ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ [root@data-node01 ~]# blkid /dev/sda3: UUID="964bec23-58b4-4a6b-a96f-f2e3222fc096" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc1: UUID="9acdef9d-fbe1-4d9f-82ff-9e9920df868e" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb1: UUID="696f5971-4c7c-4312-a1c3-a20fc3772299" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda1: UUID="ee26ded4-8334-4a0f-84bc-cc97d103714e" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda2: UUID="316cb693-05fe-473d-a2ff-3c3c0e0e6c3d" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdd: UUID="f92e73be-526d-4d84-8f5b-95273ebbd352" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde: UUID="0a6404ea-60dc-4e3e-b542-48a313e149dd" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdf: UUID="05891dd0-256a-4f7f-a2de-f1f858eb2a95" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdg: UUID="77df1f77-0168-430e-96a3-f2eb44e15242" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdh: UUID="e1f11339-ad68-44a1-a600-066094439ed2" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdi: UUID="628f1658-d8f9-4573-a124-0712b0c29e90" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdj: UUID="9ee336b0-3960-4cfd-9cb6-c92535f45ebd" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdk: UUID="bb6c1e2d-41b8-407d-b6df-df2e3ffc9c52" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdl: UUID="9ca6aecf-e0f1-4338-a7eb-e8a1d2f3b017" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdm: UUID="a5bf2880-4981-462a-8042-c6e913627c3d" TYPE="ext4" 单独找出这10块磁盘的uuid [root@data-node01 ~]# blkid|tail -10|awk ‘{print $2}‘ UUID="f92e73be-526d-4d84-8f5b-95273ebbd352" UUID="0a6404ea-60dc-4e3e-b542-48a313e149dd" UUID="05891dd0-256a-4f7f-a2de-f1f858eb2a95" UUID="77df1f77-0168-430e-96a3-f2eb44e15242" UUID="e1f11339-ad68-44a1-a600-066094439ed2" UUID="628f1658-d8f9-4573-a124-0712b0c29e90" UUID="9ee336b0-3960-4cfd-9cb6-c92535f45ebd" UUID="bb6c1e2d-41b8-407d-b6df-df2e3ffc9c52" UUID="9ca6aecf-e0f1-4338-a7eb-e8a1d2f3b017" UUID="a5bf2880-4981-462a-8042-c6e913627c3d" [root@data-node01 ~]# blkid|tail -10|awk ‘{print $2}‘|sed ‘s/"//g‘ UUID=f92e73be-526d-4d84-8f5b-95273ebbd352 UUID=0a6404ea-60dc-4e3e-b542-48a313e149dd UUID=05891dd0-256a-4f7f-a2de-f1f858eb2a95 UUID=77df1f77-0168-430e-96a3-f2eb44e15242 UUID=e1f11339-ad68-44a1-a600-066094439ed2 UUID=628f1658-d8f9-4573-a124-0712b0c29e90 UUID=9ee336b0-3960-4cfd-9cb6-c92535f45ebd UUID=bb6c1e2d-41b8-407d-b6df-df2e3ffc9c52 UUID=9ca6aecf-e0f1-4338-a7eb-e8a1d2f3b017 UUID=a5bf2880-4981-462a-8042-c6e913627c3d 将这10块磁盘的uuid好放到/etc/fastab开启启动文件里 [root@data-node01 ~]# cat /root/a.txt /data3 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data4 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data5 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data6 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data7 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data8 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data9 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data10 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data11 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 /data12 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 [root@data-node01 ~]# blkid|tail -10|awk ‘{print $2}‘|sed ‘s/"//g‘|paste - /root/a.txt >> /etc/fastab UUID=f92e73be-526d-4d84-8f5b-95273ebbd352 /data3 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=0a6404ea-60dc-4e3e-b542-48a313e149dd /data4 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=05891dd0-256a-4f7f-a2de-f1f858eb2a95 /data5 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=77df1f77-0168-430e-96a3-f2eb44e15242 /data6 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=e1f11339-ad68-44a1-a600-066094439ed2 /data7 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=628f1658-d8f9-4573-a124-0712b0c29e90 /data8 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=9ee336b0-3960-4cfd-9cb6-c92535f45ebd /data9 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=bb6c1e2d-41b8-407d-b6df-df2e3ffc9c52 /data10 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=9ca6aecf-e0f1-4338-a7eb-e8a1d2f3b017 /data11 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 UUID=a5bf2880-4981-462a-8042-c6e913627c3d /data12 ext4 noatime,nobarrier 0 0 最后将服务器重启,重启之后就能看到那10块磁盘的挂载情况
[root@data-node01 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 793G 3.1G 750G 1% / tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 380M 78M 282M 22% /boot /dev/sdb1 1.8T 68M 1.7T 1% /data1 /dev/sdc1 1.8T 68M 1.8T 1% /data2 /dev/sdd 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data3 /dev/sde 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data4 /dev/sdf 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data5 /dev/sdg 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data6 /dev/sdh 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data7 /dev/sdi 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data8 /dev/sdj 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data9 /dev/sdk 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data10 /dev/sdl 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data11 /dev/sdm 3.6T 68M 3.4T 1% /data12 [root@data-node01 ~]# mount /dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /data1 type ext4 (rw) /dev/sdc1 on /data2 type ext4 (rw) /dev/sdd on /data3 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sde on /data4 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sdf on /data5 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sdg on /data6 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sdh on /data7 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sdi on /data8 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sdj on /data9 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sdk on /data10 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sdl on /data11 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) /dev/sdm on /data12 type ext4 (rw,noatime,nobarrier) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
物理服务器Linux下软RAID和UUID方式挂载方法--Megacli64
标签:注意 bio utils 阵列 minimum paste 服务器系统 uid nod
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/easonscx/p/9057485.html