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mysql备份和恢复

时间：2018-05-20 22:47:10      阅读：279      评论：0      收藏：0      [点我收藏+]

标签：lte   tmp   bin   log   tab   color   format   fda   gzip   

1、mysqldump的基本语法：

mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -A -B --master-data=2 --single-transaction|gzip > /tmp/all.sql.gz

2、测试一下分库备份：

[root@mysql backup]# mysql -uroot -pyuanqk -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;"|grep -Evi "Database|infor|perfor"|sed -r ‘s#^([a-z].*$)#mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -S /data/3306/mysql.sock --events -B \1|gzip > /tmp/\1.backup.sql.gz #g‘ |bash
[root@mysql backup]# cd /tmp
[root@mysql tmp]# ls -lrt
total 260
drwxrwxrwt. 2 root   root   4096 Jan 17 15:10 keyring-NVQMdL
drwxrwxrwt. 2 root   root   4096 Jan 17 15:10 pulse-dJ06wMSd3KZp
drwx------. 2 root   root   4096 May 10 12:23 virtual-root.LWTIk3
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba       0 May 10 14:33 pki_data829609165.lck.tmp
drwxr-----. 2 oracle dba    4096 May 17 21:08 oracle-dfw-5653875815388066450.tmp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba       0 May 17 21:08 oracle-dfw-5653875815388066450.tmp.lck
drwx------. 2 root   root   4096 May 17 21:08 virtual-root.dvCZEm
drwx------. 2 root   root   4096 May 18 10:52 virtual-root.PiAh8b
drwxr-----. 2 oracle dba    4096 May 18 10:52 oracle-dfw-2618725649369468169.tmp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba       0 May 18 10:52 oracle-dfw-2618725649369468169.tmp.lck
drwxr-----. 2 oracle dba    4096 May 19 10:35 oracle-dfw-3445292226768824394.tmp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba       0 May 19 10:35 oracle-dfw-3445292226768824394.tmp.lck
drwx------. 2 root   root   4096 May 19 10:35 virtual-root.cQHdmF
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root    229 May 19 15:09 grant.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root  12636 May 19 20:45 backup.sql
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root   root     14 May 19 21:46 test.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     40 May 19 22:27 test.sql
drwxr-----. 2 oracle dba    4096 May 20 09:38 oracle-dfw-5924615879017712431.tmp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle dba       0 May 20 09:38 oracle-dfw-5924615879017712431.tmp.lck
drwxr-----. 2 oracle dba    4096 May 20 09:39 hsperfdata_oracle
drwx------. 2 gdm    gdm    4096 May 20 09:41 orbit-gdm
drwx------. 2 root   root   4096 May 20 09:41 keyring-cOaui4
drwx------. 2 root   root   4096 May 20 09:41 pulse-tGp4UvZcaWXd
drwx------. 2 root   root   4096 May 20 09:41 virtual-root.ONihhN
drwx------. 2 gdm    gdm    4096 May 20 09:41 pulse-HkcvmYvLKxjp
drwx------. 2 root   root   4096 May 20 11:47 orbit-root
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root 155226 May 20 16:59 mysql.backup.sql.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root   1032 May 20 16:59 yuanqk.backup.sql.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root    549 May 20 16:59 yuanqk_gbk.backup.sql.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root    548 May 20 16:59 yuanqk_utf8.backup.sql.gz
[root@mysql tmp]#

3、测试一下导出某个库的某张表

[root@mysql backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -S /data/3306/mysql.sock --compact mysql user   <=== "--compact"主要是去掉注释，方便调试查看，该命令导出mysql库的user表，如果要导出多张表，再后面以空格分开，如mysql user1 user2 user3
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `Select_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Insert_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Update_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Delete_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Drop_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Reload_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Shutdown_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Process_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `File_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Grant_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `References_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Index_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Alter_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Show_db_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Super_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_tmp_table_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Lock_tables_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Execute_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Repl_slave_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Repl_client_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_view_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Show_view_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_routine_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Alter_routine_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_user_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Event_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Trigger_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_tablespace_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `ssl_type` enum(‘‘,‘ANY‘,‘X509‘,‘SPECIFIED‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL,
  `x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL,
  `x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
  `max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
  PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT=‘Users and global privileges‘;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (‘localhost‘,‘root‘,‘*427D48AF41439640C2609E542B852C82D042BB8A‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,‘‘),(‘mysql‘,‘root‘,‘‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,‘‘),(‘127.0.0.1‘,‘root‘,‘‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,‘‘),(‘::1‘,‘root‘,‘‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,‘‘),(‘localhost‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘mysql‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘localhost‘,‘yuanqk‘,‘*7B7BAF90C18E5D56BEBC190308B11429F282F5D5‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘localhost‘,‘yuanqk1‘,‘*7B7BAF90C18E5D56BEBC190308B11429F282F5D5‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘172.168.179.%‘,‘test‘,‘*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘172.168.179.0/255.255.255.0‘,‘test2‘,‘*7CEB3FDE5F7A9C4CE5FBE610D7D8EDA62EBE5F4E‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘%‘,‘test1‘,‘*06C0BF5B64ECE2F648B5F048A71903906BA08E5C‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL);
[root@mysql backup]#

4、测试下只备份表结构，参数 "-d"：

[root@mysql backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -S /data/3306/mysql.sock --compact -d mysql user
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `Select_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Insert_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Update_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Delete_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Drop_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Reload_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Shutdown_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Process_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `File_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Grant_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `References_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Index_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Alter_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Show_db_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Super_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_tmp_table_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Lock_tables_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Execute_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Repl_slave_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Repl_client_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_view_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Show_view_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_routine_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Alter_routine_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_user_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Event_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Trigger_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `Create_tablespace_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘,
  `ssl_type` enum(‘‘,‘ANY‘,‘X509‘,‘SPECIFIED‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL,
  `x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL,
  `x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
  `max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘,
  `plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT ‘‘,
  `authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
  PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT=‘Users and global privileges‘;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
[root@mysql backup]#

5、只备份数据，参数 “-t”

[root@mysql backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -S /data/3306/mysql.sock --compact -t mysql user
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (‘localhost‘,‘root‘,‘*427D48AF41439640C2609E542B852C82D042BB8A‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,‘‘),(‘mysql‘,‘root‘,‘‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,‘‘),(‘127.0.0.1‘,‘root‘,‘‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,‘‘),(‘::1‘,‘root‘,‘‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘Y‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,‘‘),(‘localhost‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘mysql‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘localhost‘,‘yuanqk‘,‘*7B7BAF90C18E5D56BEBC190308B11429F282F5D5‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘localhost‘,‘yuanqk1‘,‘*7B7BAF90C18E5D56BEBC190308B11429F282F5D5‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘172.168.179.%‘,‘test‘,‘*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘172.168.179.0/255.255.255.0‘,‘test2‘,‘*7CEB3FDE5F7A9C4CE5FBE610D7D8EDA62EBE5F4E‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL),(‘%‘,‘test1‘,‘*06C0BF5B64ECE2F648B5F048A71903906BA08E5C‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘N‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,‘‘,0,0,0,0,‘‘,NULL);
[root@mysql backup]#

6、全库备份，参数 “-A”

[root@mysql backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -A -B -F --single-transaction --skip-events
--由于我使用的是5.5的版本，如果不指定“--single-transaction” 会报以下的错误：

[root@mysql backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -A -B --events|gzip >/tmp/db_all.sql.gz
mysqldump: Got error: 1142: SELECT,LOCK TABL command denied to user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ for table ‘cond_instances‘ when using LOCK TABLES
[root@mysql backup]#

--另外也不能指定“--events”参数，如果指定了会报以下的错误：

Couldn‘t execute ‘show events‘: Access denied for user ‘user‘@‘localhost‘ to database ‘performance_schema‘

7、msqldump关键参数说明：

1、-A 备份所有数据库
2、-B 指定多个库，增加建库语句和use语句。
3、--compact 去掉注释，适合调试输出，生产不用
4、-F 刷新binlog日志
5、--master-data 增加binlog日志文件名及对应的位置点。
6、-x，--locak-all-table 锁表，在备份时为了保证数据一致性，一般都要锁表
7、-l，--lock-table 只读锁表
8、-d 只备份表结构
9、-t 只备份数据
10、--single-transaction 适合InnoDB事务数据库备份

一般myisam引擎备份是-x
InnoDB使用--single-transaction确保在备份期间数据的一致性，即使其他数据提交，也不会dump出来

myisam：
mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -A -B --master-data=2 -x|gzip > /tmp/all.sql.gz

innodb:
mysqldump -uroot -pyuanqk -A -B --master-data=2 --single-transaction|gzip > /tmp/all.sql.gz

如果是混合引擎，那以myisam为主。

8、测试恢复：

mysql> drop database yuanqk                               <===删除数据库
    -> ;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.23 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| yuanqk_gbk         |
| yuanqk_utf8        |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> source /data/3306/backup/yuanqk.backup.sql        <===使用source命令进行恢复
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

ERROR 1665 (HY000): Cannot execute statement: impossible to write to binary log since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT and at least one table uses a storage engine limited to row-based logging.

结果报错了。。。。这个错前两天测试碰到过，此时检查数据库和表是已经恢复了，但是数据是空的。

9、解决方案：

mysql> show variables like ‘binlog_format‘;
+---------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value     |
+---------------+-----------+
| binlog_format | STATEMENT |
+---------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

在my.cnf中增加binlog_format=MIXED参数，然后重启mysql

mysql> show variables like ‘binlog_format‘;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| binlog_format | MIXED |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

10、再次测试恢复，成功恢复

mysql> drop database yuanqk;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql>

mysql> 
mysql> source /data/3306/backup/yuanqk.backup.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
.......省略......

mysql>

mysql备份和恢复

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/aaallenn/p/9064891.html
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