标签：解析json 定向 complete cond 报错 异常 nta expires mac
一、什么是Requests
Requests 是?
ython语?编写，基于urllib，采?Apache2 Licensed开源协议的 HTTP 库。它? urllib 更加?便，
可以节约我们?量的?作，完全满?HTTP测试需求。
?句话——Python实现的简单易?的HTTP库
二、安装Requests库
进入命令行win+R执行
命令：pip install requests
项目导入：import requests
三、各种请求方式
直接上代码，不明白可以查看我的urllib的基本使用方法
1 import requests 2 requests.post(‘http://httpbin.org/post‘) 3 requests.put(‘http://httpbin.org/put‘) 4 requests.delete(‘http://httpbin.org/delete‘) 5 requests.head(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘) 6 requests.options(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘)
这么多请求方式，都有什么含义，所以问下度娘：
GET： 请求指定的页面信息，并返回实体主体。
HEAD： 只请求页面的首部。
POST： 请求服务器接受所指定的文档作为对所标识的URI的新的从属实体。
PUT： 从客户端向服务器传送的数据取代指定的文档的内容。
DELETE： 请求服务器删除指定的页面。
get 和 post比较常见 GET请求将提交的数据放置在HTTP请求协议头中
POST提交的数据则放在实体数据中
（1）、基本的GET请求
1 import requests 2 3 response = requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘) 4 print(response.text) 5 返回值： 6 7 { 8 "args": {}, 9 "headers": { 10 "Accept": "*/*", 11 "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 12 "Connection": "close", 13 "Host": "httpbin.org", 14 "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4" 15 }, 16 "origin": "183.64.61.29", 17 "url": "http://httpbin.org/get" 18 } 19 （2）、带参数的GET请求 20 21 将name和age传进去 22 23 import requests 24 response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=germey&age=22") 25 print(response.text) 26 { 27 "args": { 28 "age": "22", 29 "name": "germey" 30 }, 31 "headers": { 32 "Accept": "*/*", 33 "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 34 "Connection": "close", 35 "Host": "httpbin.org", 36 "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4" 37 }, 38 "origin": "183.64.61.29", 39 "url": "http://httpbin.org/get?name=germey&age=22" 40 } 41 或者使用params的方法： 42 43 import requests 44 45 data = { 46 ‘name‘: ‘germey‘, 47 ‘age‘: 22 48 } 49 response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=data) 50 print(response.text) 51 返回值一样 52 53 （3）、解析json 54 55 将返回值已json的形式展示： 56 57 import requests 58 import json 59 60 response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get") 61 print(type(response.text)) 62 print(response.json()) 63 print(json.loads(response.text)) 64 print(type(response.json())) 65 返回值： 66 67 <class ‘str‘> 68 {‘args‘: {}, ‘headers‘: {‘Accept‘: ‘*/*‘, ‘Accept-Encoding‘: ‘gzip, deflate‘, ‘Connection‘: ‘close‘, ‘Host‘: ‘httpbin.org‘, ‘User-Agent‘: ‘python-requests/2.18.4‘}, ‘origin‘: ‘183.64.61.29‘, ‘url‘: ‘http://httpbin.org/get‘} 69 {‘args‘: {}, ‘headers‘: {‘Accept‘: ‘*/*‘, ‘Accept-Encoding‘: ‘gzip, deflate‘, ‘Connection‘: ‘close‘, ‘Host‘: ‘httpbin.org‘, ‘User-Agent‘: ‘python-requests/2.18.4‘}, ‘origin‘: ‘183.64.61.29‘, ‘url‘: ‘http://httpbin.org/get‘} 70 <class ‘dict‘> 71 （4）、获取二进制数据 72 73 记住返回值.content就ok了 74 75 import requests 76 77 response = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico") 78 print(type(response.text), type(response.content)) 79 print(response.text) 80 print(response.content)
返回值为二进制不必再进行展示，
（5）、添加headers
有些网站访问时必须带有浏览器等信息，如果不传入headers就会报错，如下
1 import requests 2 3 response = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore") 4 print(response.text) 5 返回值： 6 7 <html><body><h1>500 Server Error</h1> 8 An internal server error occured. 9 </body></html> 10 当传入headers时： 11 12 import requests 13 14 headers = { 15 ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36‘ 16 } 17 response = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore", headers=headers) 18 print(response.text)
成功返回网页源代码不做展示
（6）、基本POST请求
不明白见我博文urllib的使用方法
1 import requests 2 3 data = {‘name‘: ‘germey‘, ‘age‘: ‘22‘} 4 response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data) 5 print(response.text) 6 返回： 7 8 { 9 "args": {}, 10 "data": "", 11 "files": {}, 12 "form": { 13 "age": "22", 14 "name": "germey" 15 }, 16 "headers": { 17 "Accept": "*/*", 18 "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", 19 "Connection": "close", 20 "Content-Length": "18", 21 "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", 22 "Host": "httpbin.org", 23 "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.4" 24 }, 25 "json": null, 26 "origin": "183.64.61.29", 27 "url": "http://httpbin.org/post" 28 }
三、响应
response属性
1 import requests 2 3 response = requests.get(‘http://www.jianshu.com‘) 4 print(type(response.status_code), response.status_code) 5 print(type(response.headers), response.headers) 6 print(type(response.cookies), response.cookies) 7 print(type(response.url), response.url) 8 print(type(response.history), response.history) 9 return： 10 11 <class ‘int‘> 200 12 <class ‘requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict‘> {‘Date‘: ‘Thu, 01 Feb 2018 20:47:08 GMT‘, ‘Server‘: ‘Tengine‘, ‘Content-Type‘: ‘text/html; charset=utf-8‘, ‘Transfer-Encoding‘: ‘chunked‘, ‘X-Frame-Options‘: ‘DENY‘, ‘X-XSS-Protection‘: ‘1; mode=block‘, ‘X-Content-Type-Options‘: ‘nosniff‘, ‘ETag‘: ‘W/"9f70e869e7cce214b6e9d90f4ceaa53d"‘, ‘Cache-Control‘: ‘max-age=0, private, must-revalidate‘, ‘Set-Cookie‘: ‘locale=zh-CN; path=/‘, ‘X-Request-Id‘: ‘366f4cba-8414-4841-bfe2-792aeb8cf302‘, ‘X-Runtime‘: ‘0.008350‘, ‘Content-Encoding‘: ‘gzip‘, ‘X-Via‘: ‘1.1 gjf22:8 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0), 1.1 PSzqstdx2ps251:10 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0)‘, ‘Connection‘: ‘keep-alive‘} 13 <class ‘requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar‘> <RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie locale=zh-CN for www.jianshu.com/>]> 14 <class ‘str‘> https://www.jianshu.com/ 15 <class ‘list‘> [<Response [301]>] 16 状态码判断：常见的网页状态码： 17 18 100: (‘continue‘,), 19 101: (‘switching_protocols‘,), 20 102: (‘processing‘,), 21 103: (‘checkpoint‘,), 22 122: (‘uri_too_long‘, ‘request_uri_too_long‘), 23 200: (‘ok‘, ‘okay‘, ‘all_ok‘, ‘all_okay‘, ‘all_good‘, ‘\\o/‘, ‘?‘), 24 201: (‘created‘,), 25 202: (‘accepted‘,), 26 203: (‘non_authoritative_info‘, ‘non_authoritative_information‘), 27 204: (‘no_content‘,), 28 205: (‘reset_content‘, ‘reset‘), 29 206: (‘partial_content‘, ‘partial‘), 30 207: (‘multi_status‘, ‘multiple_status‘, ‘multi_stati‘, ‘multiple_stati‘), 31 208: (‘already_reported‘,), 32 226: (‘im_used‘,), 33 34 # Redirection. 35 300: (‘multiple_choices‘,), 36 301: (‘moved_permanently‘, ‘moved‘, ‘\\o-‘), 37 302: (‘found‘,), 38 303: (‘see_other‘, ‘other‘), 39 304: (‘not_modified‘,), 40 305: (‘use_proxy‘,), 41 306: (‘switch_proxy‘,), 42 307: (‘temporary_redirect‘, ‘temporary_moved‘, ‘temporary‘), 43 308: (‘permanent_redirect‘, 44 ‘resume_incomplete‘, ‘resume‘,), # These 2 to be removed in 3.0 45 46 # Client Error. 47 400: (‘bad_request‘, ‘bad‘), 48 401: (‘unauthorized‘,), 49 402: (‘payment_required‘, ‘payment‘), 50 403: (‘forbidden‘,), 51 404: (‘not_found‘, ‘-o-‘), 52 405: (‘method_not_allowed‘, ‘not_allowed‘), 53 406: (‘not_acceptable‘,), 54 407: (‘proxy_authentication_required‘, ‘proxy_auth‘, ‘proxy_authentication‘), 55 408: (‘request_timeout‘, ‘timeout‘), 56 409: (‘conflict‘,), 57 410: (‘gone‘,), 58 411: (‘length_required‘,), 59 412: (‘precondition_failed‘, ‘precondition‘), 60 413: (‘request_entity_too_large‘,), 61 414: (‘request_uri_too_large‘,), 62 415: (‘unsupported_media_type‘, ‘unsupported_media‘, ‘media_type‘), 63 416: (‘requested_range_not_satisfiable‘, ‘requested_range‘, ‘range_not_satisfiable‘), 64 417: (‘expectation_failed‘,), 65 418: (‘im_a_teapot‘, ‘teapot‘, ‘i_am_a_teapot‘), 66 421: (‘misdirected_request‘,), 67 422: (‘unprocessable_entity‘, ‘unprocessable‘), 68 423: (‘locked‘,), 69 424: (‘failed_dependency‘, ‘dependency‘), 70 425: (‘unordered_collection‘, ‘unordered‘), 71 426: (‘upgrade_required‘, ‘upgrade‘), 72 428: (‘precondition_required‘, ‘precondition‘), 73 429: (‘too_many_requests‘, ‘too_many‘), 74 431: (‘header_fields_too_large‘, ‘fields_too_large‘), 75 444: (‘no_response‘, ‘none‘), 76 449: (‘retry_with‘, ‘retry‘), 77 450: (‘blocked_by_windows_parental_controls‘, ‘parental_controls‘), 78 451: (‘unavailable_for_legal_reasons‘, ‘legal_reasons‘), 79 499: (‘client_closed_request‘,), 80 81 # Server Error. 82 500: (‘internal_server_error‘, ‘server_error‘, ‘/o\\‘, ‘?‘), 83 501: (‘not_implemented‘,), 84 502: (‘bad_gateway‘,), 85 503: (‘service_unavailable‘, ‘unavailable‘), 86 504: (‘gateway_timeout‘,), 87 505: (‘http_version_not_supported‘, ‘http_version‘), 88 506: (‘variant_also_negotiates‘,), 89 507: (‘insufficient_storage‘,), 90 509: (‘bandwidth_limit_exceeded‘, ‘bandwidth‘), 91 510: (‘not_extended‘,), 92 511: (‘network_authentication_required‘, ‘network_auth‘, ‘network_authentication‘),
response为请求后的返回值)标签：解析json 定向 complete cond 报错 异常 nta expires mac
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/peter200-OK/p/9065120.html
