php LBS(附近地理位置)功能实现的一些思路

<?php
/**
 * 查找两个经纬度之间的距离
 *
 * @param  $latitude1   float  起始纬度
 * @param  $longitude1  float  起始经度
 * @param  $latitude2   float  目标纬度
 * @param  $longitude2  float  目标经度
 * @return array(miles=>英里,feet=>英尺,yards=>码,kilometers=>公里,meters=>米)
 * @example
 *
 *         $point1 = array(‘lat‘ => 40.770623, ‘long‘ => -73.964367);
 *         $point2 = array(‘lat‘ => 40.758224, ‘long‘ => -73.917404);
 *         $distance = getDistanceBetweenPointsNew($point1[‘lat‘], $point1[‘long‘], $point2[‘lat‘], $point2[‘long‘]);
 *         foreach ($distance as $unit => $value) {
 *             echo $unit.‘: ‘.number_format($value,4);
 *         }
 *
 *         The example returns the following:
 *
 *         miles: 2.6025       //英里
 *         feet: 13,741.4350   //英尺
 *         yards: 4,580.4783   //码
 *         kilometers: 4.1884  //公里
 *         meters: 4,188.3894  //米
 *
 */
function getDistanceBetweenPointsNew($latitude1, $longitude1, $latitude2, $longitude2) {
    $theta = $longitude1 - $longitude2;
    $miles = (sin(deg2rad($latitude1)) * sin(deg2rad($latitude2))) + (cos(deg2rad($latitude1)) * cos(deg2rad($latitude2)) * cos(deg2rad($theta)));
    $miles = acos($miles);
    $miles = rad2deg($miles);
    $miles = $miles * 60 * 1.1515;
    $feet = $miles * 5280;
    $yards = $feet / 3;
    $kilometers = $miles * 1.609344;
    $meters = $kilometers * 1000;
    return compact(‘miles‘, ‘feet‘, ‘yards‘, ‘kilometers‘, ‘meters‘);
}
?>

<?php
/**
 * Encode and decode geohashes
 *
 */
class Geohash {
    private $coding = "0123456789bcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz";
    private $codingMap = array();

    public function Geohash() {
        //build map from encoding char to 0 padded bitfield
        for ($i = 0; $i < 32; $i++) {
            $this->codingMap[substr($this->coding, $i, 1)] = str_pad(decbin($i), 5, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
        }

    }

    /**
     * Decode a geohash and return an array with decimal lat,long in it
     */
    public function decode($hash) {
        //decode hash into binary string
        $binary = "";
        $hl = strlen($hash);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $hl; $i++) {
            $binary .= $this->codingMap[substr($hash, $i, 1)];
        }

        //split the binary into lat and log binary strings
        $bl = strlen($binary);
        $blat = "";
        $blong = "";
        for ($i = 0; $i < $bl; $i++) {
            if ($i % 2) {
                $blat = $blat . substr($binary, $i, 1);
            } else {
                $blong = $blong . substr($binary, $i, 1);
            }

        }

        //now concert to decimal
        $lat = $this->binDecode($blat, -90, 90);
        $long = $this->binDecode($blong, -180, 180);

        //figure out how precise the bit count makes this calculation
        $latErr = $this->calcError(strlen($blat), -90, 90);
        $longErr = $this->calcError(strlen($blong), -180, 180);

        //how many decimal places should we use? There‘s a little art to
        //this to ensure I get the same roundings as geohash.org
        $latPlaces = max(1, -round(log10($latErr))) - 1;
        $longPlaces = max(1, -round(log10($longErr))) - 1;

        //round it
        $lat = round($lat, $latPlaces);
        $long = round($long, $longPlaces);

        return array($lat, $long);
    }

    /**
     * Encode a hash from given lat and long
     */
    public function encode($lat, $long) {
        //how many bits does latitude need?
        $plat = $this->precision($lat);
        $latbits = 1;
        $err = 45;
        while ($err > $plat) {
            $latbits++;
            $err /= 2;
        }

        //how many bits does longitude need?
        $plong = $this->precision($long);
        $longbits = 1;
        $err = 90;
        while ($err > $plong) {
            $longbits++;
            $err /= 2;
        }

        //bit counts need to be equal
        $bits = max($latbits, $longbits);

        //as the hash create bits in groups of 5, lets not
        //waste any bits - lets bulk it up to a multiple of 5
        //and favour the longitude for any odd bits
        $longbits = $bits;
        $latbits = $bits;
        $addlong = 1;
        while (($longbits + $latbits) % 5 != 0) {
            $longbits += $addlong;
            $latbits += !$addlong;
            $addlong = !$addlong;
        }

        //encode each as binary string
        $blat = $this->binEncode($lat, -90, 90, $latbits);
        $blong = $this->binEncode($long, -180, 180, $longbits);

        //merge lat and long together
        $binary = "";
        $uselong = 1;
        while (strlen($blat) + strlen($blong)) {
            if ($uselong) {
                $binary = $binary . substr($blong, 0, 1);
                $blong = substr($blong, 1);
            } else {
                $binary = $binary . substr($blat, 0, 1);
                $blat = substr($blat, 1);
            }
            $uselong = !$uselong;
        }

        //convert binary string to hash
        $hash = "";
        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($binary); $i += 5) {
            $n = bindec(substr($binary, $i, 5));
            $hash = $hash . $this->coding[$n];
        }

        return $hash;
    }

    /**
     * What‘s the maximum error for $bits bits covering a range $min to $max
     */
    private function calcError($bits, $min, $max) {
        $err = ($max - $min) / 2;
        while ($bits--) {
            $err /= 2;
        }

        return $err;
    }

    /*
     * returns precision of number
     * precision of 42 is 0.5
     * precision of 42.4 is 0.05
     * precision of 42.41 is 0.005 etc
     */
    private function precision($number) {
        $precision = 0;
        $pt = strpos($number, ‘.‘);
        if ($pt !== false) {
            $precision = -(strlen($number) - $pt - 1);
        }

        return pow(10, $precision) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * create binary encoding of number as detailed in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash#Example
     * removing the tail recursion is left an exercise for the reader
     */
    private function binEncode($number, $min, $max, $bitcount) {
        if ($bitcount == 0) {
            return "";
        }

        #echo "$bitcount: $min $max<br>";

        //this is our mid point - we will produce a bit to say
        //whether $number is above or below this mid point
        $mid = ($min + $max) / 2;
        if ($number > $mid) {
            return "1" . $this->binEncode($number, $mid, $max, $bitcount - 1);
        } else {
            return "0" . $this->binEncode($number, $min, $mid, $bitcount - 1);
        }

    }

    /**
     * decodes binary encoding of number as detailed in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash#Example
     * removing the tail recursion is left an exercise for the reader
     */
    private function binDecode($binary, $min, $max) {
        $mid = ($min + $max) / 2;

        if (strlen($binary) == 0) {
            return $mid;
        }

        $bit = substr($binary, 0, 1);
        $binary = substr($binary, 1);

        if ($bit == 1) {
            return $this->binDecode($binary, $mid, $max);
        } else {
            return $this->binDecode($binary, $min, $mid);
        }

    }
}
?>