标签：mysql读写分离
ProxySQL简介：ProxySQL是一个高性能的MySQL中间件，拥有强大的规则引擎。
官方文档：https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/wiki/
下载地址：https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases/系统：CentOS7.5
ProxySQL版本：proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm
Mysql版本：MySQL 5.7.22
ProxySQL主机IP：192.168.1.2
Mysql主库IP：192.168.1.3
Mysql从库IP：192.168.1.4防火墙和selinux已关闭；
Mysql主从同步已经配置完成；[root@ProxySQL ~]# wget https://github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases/download/v1.4.8/proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm
[root@ProxySQL ~]# yum install proxysql-1.4.8-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm -y
# proxysql需要依赖一些perl库，所以使用yum安装
# 依赖：
perl-DBD-MySQL
perl-DBI
#安装生成的文件：
[root@ProxySQL ~]# rpm -ql proxysql
/etc/init.d/proxysql #启动脚本
/etc/proxysql.cnf #配置文件，仅在第一次(/var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db文件不存在)启动时有效
#启动后可以在proxysql管理端中通过修改数据库的方式修改配置并生效(官方推荐方式。)
/usr/bin/proxysql #主程序文件
/usr/share/proxysql/tools/proxysql_galera_checker.sh
/usr/share/proxysql/tools/proxysql_galera_writer.pl[root@ProxySQL ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/proxysql.cnf
datadir="/var/lib/proxysql"
admin_variables=
{
admin_credentials="admin:admin" # 定义连接管理端口的用户名和密码
mysql_ifaces="0.0.0.0:6032" # 定义管理端口6032；用来连接proxysql的管理数据库，修改proxysql服务的设置以及路由策略
}
mysql_variables=
{
threads=4 # 定义每个转发端口开启多少个线程
max_connections=2048
default_query_delay=0
default_query_timeout=36000000
have_compress=true
poll_timeout=2000
interfaces="0.0.0.0:6033" # 定义转发端口6033；用来连接后端的mysql实例，起到代理转发的作用；
default_schema="information_schema"
stacksize=1048576
server_version="5.7.22" # 设置后端mysql实例的版本号，仅起到comment的作用
connect_timeout_server=3000
monitor_username="monitor"
monitor_password="monitor"
monitor_history=600000
monitor_connect_interval=60000
monitor_ping_interval=10000
monitor_read_only_interval=1500
monitor_read_only_timeout=500
ping_interval_server_msec=120000
ping_timeout_server=500
commands_stats=true
sessions_sort=true
connect_retries_on_failure=10
}
mysql_servers =
(
)
mysql_users:
(
)
mysql_query_rules:
(
)
scheduler=
(
)
mysql_replication_hostgroups=
(
)
[root@ProxySQL ~]# [root@ProxySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/proxysql start # 启动
Starting ProxySQL: DONE!
[root@ProxySQL ~]# ss -lntup |grep proxysql # 查看：proxysql客户端监听在6033端口上，管理端监听6032端口；
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6032 *:* users:(("proxysql",1322,20))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",1322,19))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",1322,18))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",1322,16))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:6033 *:* users:(("proxysql",1322,15))
# 可以看到转发端口的6033开启了4个线程，线程数由全局变量"threads"控制，受cpu物理核心数的影响（每个端口下的线程数<=cpu物理核心数）mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO ‘proxysql‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘pwproxysql‘;[root@ProxySQL ~]# yum install mysql -y # 安装mysql客户端；依赖：mysql-libs
[root@ProxySQL ~]# export MYSQL_PS1="(\u@\h:\p) [\d]> "
[root@ProxySQL ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032 # 默认的用户名密码都是 admin。
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3 | stats | |
| 4 | monitor | |
| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
库说明：
main 内存配置数据库，表里存放后端db实例、用户验证、路由规则等信息。表名以 runtime_开头的表示proxysql当前运行的配置内容，不能通过dml语句修改，只能修改对应的不以 runtime_ 开头的（在内存）里的表，然后 LOAD 使其生效， SAVE 使其存到硬盘以供下次重启加载。
disk 是持久化到硬盘的配置，sqlite数据文件。
stats 是proxysql运行抓取的统计信息，包括到后端各命令的执行次数、流量、processlist、查询种类汇总/执行时间等等。
monitor 库存储 monitor 模块收集的信息，主要是对后端db的健康/延迟检查。
# 使用insert语句添加mysql主机到mysql_servers表中，其中：hostgroup_id 1 表示写组，2表示读组。
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(1,‘192.168.20.68‘,3306,1,‘Write Group‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(2,‘192.168.20.69‘,3306,1,‘Read Group‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers;
+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
| hostgroup_id | hostname | port | status | weight | compression | max_connections | max_replication_lag | use_ssl | max_latency_ms | comment |
+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
| 1 | 192.168.20.68 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Write Group |
| 2 | 192.168.20.69 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Read Group |
+--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 在proxysql主机的mysql_users表中添加刚才创建的账号，proxysql客户端需要使用这个账号来访问数据库。
# default_hostgroup默认组设置为写组，也就是1;
# 当读写分离的路由规则不符合时，会访问默认组的数据库;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent)values(‘proxysql‘,‘pwproxysql‘,1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> show tables;
+--------------------------------------------+
| tables |
+--------------------------------------------+
| global_variables |
| mysql_collations |
| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_query_rules |
| mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_servers |
| mysql_users |
| proxysql_servers |
| runtime_checksums_values |
| runtime_global_variables |
| runtime_mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_servers |
| runtime_mysql_users |
| runtime_proxysql_servers |
| runtime_scheduler |
| scheduler |
+--------------------------------------------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select * from mysql_users \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
username: proxysql # 后端mysql实例的用户名
password: pwproxysql # 后端mysql实例的密码
active: 1 # active=1表示用户生效，0表示不生效
use_ssl: 0
default_hostgroup: 1 # 用户默认登录到哪个hostgroup_id下的实例
default_schema: NULL # 用户默认登录后端mysql实例时连接的数据库，这个地方为NULL的话，则由全局变量mysql-default_schema决定，默认是information_schema
schema_locked: 0
transaction_persistent: 1 # 如果设置为1，连接上ProxySQL的会话后，如果在一个hostgroup上开启了事务，那么后续的sql都继续维持在这个hostgroup上，不伦是否会匹配上其它路由规则，直到事务结束。虽然默认是0
fast_forward: 0 # 忽略查询重写/缓存层，直接把这个用户的请求透传到后端DB。相当于只用它的连接池功能，一般不用，路由规则 .* 就行了
backend: 1
frontend: 1
max_connections: 10000 # #该用户允许的最大连接数
1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql端添加proxysql只能查的账号:
mysql> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO ‘monitor‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘monitor‘;
proxysql端修改变量设置健康检测的账号：
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_username=‘monitor‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_password=‘monitor‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)# 将select语句全部路由至hostgroup_id=2的组(也就是读组)
# 但是select * from tb for update这样的语句是修改数据的，所以需要单独定义，将它路由至hostgroup_id=1的组(也就是写组)
# 其他没有被规则匹配到的组将会被路由至用户默认的组(mysql_users表中的default_hostgroup)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(1,1,‘^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$‘,1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(2,1,‘^SELECT‘,2,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules;
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| rule_id | active | match_digest | destination_hostgroup | apply |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| 1 | 1 | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | ^SELECT | 2 | 1 |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)# load进runtime，是配置生效
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql query rules to runtime;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql variables to runtime;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime;
# save到磁盘(/var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db)中，永久保存配置
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save mysql users to disk;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save mysql query rules to disk;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save mysql variables to disk;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save admin variables to disk;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime;#登录用户是刚才我们在mysql_user表中创建的用户，端口为6033
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql -uproxysql -ppwproxysql -h127.0.0.1 -P6033
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]>#创建两个数据库和查个表。
MySQL [(none)]> create database bigboss;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> create database weijinyun;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bigboss |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| weijinyun |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+---------------+
| user | host |
+-------------+---------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| monitor | 192.168.100.% |
| proxysql | 192.168.100.% |
| repliaction | 192.168.100.% |
| root | ::1 |
| | centos7 |
| root | centos7 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+-------------+---------------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)# proxysql有个类似审计的功能，可以查看各类SQL的执行情况。在proxysql管理端执行：
# 从下面的hostgroup和digest_text值来看，所有的写操作都被路由至1组，读操作都被路由至2组，
# 其中1组为写组，2组为读组！
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
| hostgroup | schemaname | username | digest | digest_text | count_star | first_seen | last_seen | sum_time | min_time| max_time |
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
| 2 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x3EA85877510AC608 | select * from stats_mysql_query_digest | 2 | 1527233735 | 1527233782 | 4092 | 792| 3300 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x594F2C744B698066 | select USER() | 1 | 1527233378 | 1527233378 | 0 | 0| 0 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x02033E45904D3DF0 | show databases | 2 | 1527233202 | 1527233495 | 5950 | 1974| 3976 |
| 1 | information_schema | proxysql | 0x226CD90D52A2BA0B | select @@version_comment limit ? | 2 | 1527233196 | 1527233378 | 0 | 0| 0 |
+-----------+--------------------+----------+--------------------+----------------------------------------+------------+------------+------------+----------+----------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]>
# 读写分离成功！！！http://seanlook.com/2017/04/10/mysql-proxysql-install-config/
http://blog.51cto.com/bigboss/2103290标签：mysql读写分离
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/moerjinrong/2121060
