详谈Oracle12c新特点容器数据库&可插拔数据库（CDB&PDB）

数据字典

角色

系统权限

探究SEED PDB

从PDB$SEED创建PDB

语法：

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE

ADMIN USER IDENTIFIED BY

FILE_NAME_CONVERT = (‘‘, ‘‘)

ROLES = ()

DEFAULT TABLESPACE [DATAFILE ]

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL <autoallocate |="" uniform="" size="" >

STORAGE ];

例子：

col con_name format a10

col restricted format a10

SELECT v.name, v.open_mode, v.restricted, d.status

FROM v$pdbs v, dba_pdbs d

WHERE v.guid = d.guid

ORDER BY v.create_scn;

NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RESTRICTED STATUS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------------

PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO         NORMAL

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;

SELECT v.name, v.open_mode, v.restricted, d.status

FROM v$pdbs v, dba_pdbs d

WHERE v.guid = d.guid

ORDER BY v.create_scn;

NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RESTRICTED STATUS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------------

PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO         NORMAL

SELECT * FROM dba_pdbs;

-- 12.1.0.1 version

-- SELECT * FROM cdb$view(dba_pdbs);

-- 12.1.0.2 versionSELECT * FROM containers(dba_pdbs);

-- 12.1.0.1 version

-- SELECT * FROM cdb$view(cdb_pdbs);

-- 12.1.0.2 version

SELECT * FROM containers(cdb_pdbs);

SELECT table_name, tablespace_name, con_id

FROM containers(dba_tables)

WHERE rownum < 6;

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1

ADMIN USER TEST IDENTIFIED BY TEST                                                                                                                      

FILE_NAME_CONVERT = (‘/pdbseed/‘, ‘/pdb1/‘);

SELECT v.name, v.open_mode, NVL(v.restricted, ‘n/a‘) RESTRICTED, d.status

FROM v$pdbs v, dba_pdbs d

WHERE v.guid = d.guid

ORDER BY v1;

NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RESTRICTED STATUS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------------

PDB1                         MOUNTED    NO         NORMAL

PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO         NORMAL

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=pdb1;

sho con_name

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;

探究数据文件

desc dba_data_files

desc cdb_data_files

SELECT file_name, tablespace_name, online_status

FROM dba_data_files;

SELECT file_name, tablespace_name, online_status, con_id

FROM cdb_data_files;

探究用户

desc dba_users

desc cdb_users

SELECT username, account_status, lock_date, expiry_date

FROM dba_users

ORDER BY 1;

SELECT username, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace

FROM dba_users

ORDER BY 1;

SELECT username, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace, con_id

FROM cdb_users

ORDER BY 1;

SELECT username, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace, con_id

FROM cdb_users

WHERE username like ‘TE%‘

ORDER BY 1;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;

SELECT v.name, v.open_mode, NVL(v.restricted, ‘n/a‘) "RESTRICTED", d.status

FROM v$pdbs v, dba_pdbs d

WHERE v.guid = d.guid

ORDER BY v.create_scn;

NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RESTRICTED STATUS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------------

PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO         NORMAL

PDB1 READ WRITE NO         NORMAL

SELECT username, default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace, con_id

FROM cdb_users

WHERE username like ‘TE%‘

ORDER BY 1;

连接创建PDB

SQL> conn sys@pdb1 as sysdba

Enter password: *********Connected.

SQL> GRANT create session TO TEST;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cdb_sys_privs;

0

SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dba_sys_privs;

987

SQL> SELECT privilege, admin_option, common  

FROM dba_sys_privs 

WHERE grantee = ‘TEST‘;

PRIVILEGE                                ADM COM

---------------------------------------- --- ---

CREATE SESSION                           NO  NO

col grantee format a30

col granted_role format a30

SELECT * FROM dba_role_privs

WHERE grantee = ‘TEST‘;

GRANTEE                        GRANTED_ROLE                   ADM DEF COM

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- --- ---

TEST                        PDB_DBA                        YES YES NO

克隆PDB

从一个容器现有PDB克隆新的PDB

语法：

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE FROM FILE_NAME_CONVERT=(‘‘, ‘<path‘);< span="" style="word-wrap: break-word;">

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 CLOSE;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN READ ONLY;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW pdb_status AS

SELECT v.name, v.open_mode, NVL(v.restricted, ‘n/a‘) "RESTRICTED", d.status

FROM v$pdbs v, dba_pdbs d

WHERE v.guid = d.guid

ORDER BY v.create_scn;

SELECT * FROM pdb_status;

NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RESTRICTED STATUS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------------

PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO         NORMAL

PDB1                        READ ONLY  NO         NORMAL

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1_t FROM pdb1FILE_NAME_CONVERT = (‘\uwpdb\‘, ‘\uwpdbd\‘);

SELECT * FROM pdb_status;

NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RESTRICTED STATUS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------------

PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO         NORMAL

PDB1                        READ ONLY  NO         NORMAL

创建时的UNPLUG/PLUGPDB

Unplug 子句

Unplug 子句

从unplugged创建

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE UNPLUG INTO ‘‘;

例子：

conn / as sysdba

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 CLOSE;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 UNPLUG INTO ‘pdb1.xml‘;

-- 将文件ftp到新服务器

-- the xml 文件在 $ORACLE_HOME/database下

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 USING ‘pdb1.xml‘ 

SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT = (‘\pdb1\‘, ‘\pdb2\‘) 

NOCOPY 

STORAGE (MAXSIZE 1G MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE 20M) 

TEMPFILE REUSE;

更改PDB

设置子句

默认版本

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE

例子：

conn / as sysdba

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

CREATE EDITION test_ed;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 DEFAULT EDITION = test_ed;

默认表空间

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE ;

例子：

conn / as sysdba

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

SELECT tablespace_nameFROM dba_tablespaces;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 DEFAULT TABLESPACE oradata;

默认表空间类型

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE SET DEFAULT TABLESPACE;

conn / as sysdba

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 SET DEFAULT BIGFILE TABLESPACE;

默认临时表空间

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE ;;

conn / as sysdba

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACEtemp_grp;

重命名

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE RENAME GLOBAL_NAME TO [.domain];

例子：

conn / as sysdba

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

SELECT *FROM global_name;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 RENAME GLOBAL_NAME TO pdb$dev;

PDB内设置时区

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE [] SET TIME_ZONE = ‘‘;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE SET TIME_ZONE = ‘< | -> HH:MI‘;

例子：

conn sys@pdb1 as sysdba

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

SELECT value$ FROM props$

WHERE name = ‘DBTIMEZONE‘;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 SET TIME_ZONE = ‘Japan‘;

SELECT value$FROM props$WHERE name = ‘DBTIMEZONE‘;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 SET TIME_ZONE = ‘00:00‘;

SELECT value$FROM props$WHERE name = ‘DBTIMEZONE‘;

数据文件重命名

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE RENAME FILE ‘‘ TO ‘‘;

例子：

conn sys@pdb1 as sysdba

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE;
?
?ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1

RENAME FILE ‘C:\APP\ORACLE\ORADATA\PDB1\PDB11.DBF‘

TO ‘C:\APP\ORACLE\ORADATA\PDB1\PDB101.DBF‘;

--原数据文件需手工去除

创建数据文件

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE <‘‘ | filenumber> [AS | NEW]

更改数据文件

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DATAFILE <‘‘ | filenumber> <online |="" offline="" [for="" drop]="" resize="" | | END BACKUP>;

更改临时文件

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE TEMPFILE <‘‘ | filenumber> <resize |="" | DROP [INCLUDING DATAFILES] | ONLINE | OFFLINE>;

移除数据文件

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE <‘‘ | ASM_file_name | filenumber>TO ‘‘ [REUSE] [KEEP]

补充日志

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE SUPPLEMENTAL LOG <data |="" | >

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;

存储参数

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE STORAGE <unlimited |="" >;

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 STORAGE UNLIMITED;

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE STORAGE (MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE <unlimited |="" );

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 STORAGE (MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE UNLIMITED);

Datafile子句

数据文件联机/脱机

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DATAFILE ALL ;

例子：

conn / as sysdba

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = pdb1;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 CLOSE;

SELECT open_modeFROM v$pdbs;

SELECT file#, status, enabledFROM v$datafile;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 DATAFILE ALL OFFLINE;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 DATAFILE ALL ONLINE;

SELECT file#, status, enabledFROM v$datafile;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;

Recovery子句

备份和恢复PDB

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE RECOVER [AUTOMATIC] [FROM ‘‘  DATABASE;例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 RECOVER AUTOMATIC DATABASE;

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE BACKUP;

例子：

conn / as sysdba

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

STARTUP MOUNT;

ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;

ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PDB1;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 BEGIN BACKUP;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 END BACKUP;

Change 子句

读写模式打开

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ [WRITE] [UPGRADE] [RESTRICTED] [FORCE][INSTANCES = <(‘‘ | )] >);

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;

只读模式打开

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY ;

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN READ ONLY;

Resetlogs模式打开

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS ;

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN RESETLOGS;

打开/关闭PDB

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 CLOSE;

打开/关闭所有PDB

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE;

只读模式打开PDB

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE READ ONLY;

例子：

conn / as sysdba

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN READ ONLY;

以READ ONLY RESTRICTED模式打开PDB

语法：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY RESTRICTED;

例子：

conn / as sysdbaALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 CLOSE;ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN READ ONLY RESTRICTED;

移除PDB

从容器中删除PDB

语法：

DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE [INCLUDING DATAFILES];

例子：

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 CLOSE;DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 INCLUDING DATAFILES;