标签:linux lvs
lvs:Linux Virtual Server,4层路由器,相比7层代理,4层代理过程中不受端口数量限制,因为没到应用层,ipvs在input连上强转报文到路由 ,有网站测试能达到400w并发。跟iptables配置类似,lvs的框架是ipvs,规则工具ipvsadm。静态方法:仅根据算法本身进行调度;
工作流程图
准备条件:
vs:node1
rs:node2, node3, node4
node1:
172.16.86.249 #作为私网
192.168.1.200 # 作为公网
node2:
172.16.86.250 网关 172.16.86.249
node3:
172.16.86.248 网关 172.16.86.249
node4
172.16.86.251 网关 172.16.86.249
1、vs安装ipvsadm
[root@node1 ~]# yum install ipvsadm
2、服务管理
#添加
#ipvsadm -A|E -t|u|f service-address [-s scheduler] [-p [timeout]]
#-t: TCP协议的端口,VIP:TCP_PORT
#-u: UDP协议的端口,VIP:UDP_PORT
#-f:firewall MARK,是一个数字;
#______________________________________________________________________________
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.1.200:80 -s rr
#修改
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -E -t 192.168.1.200:80 -s wrr
#删除
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -D -t 192.168.1.200:80
3、节点管理
#增改
#ipvsadm -a|e -t|u|f service-address -r server-address [-g|i|m] [-w weight]
#lvs类型:
#-g: gateway, dr类型
#-i: ipip, tun类型
#-m: masquerade, nat类型
# -w weight:权重;
#______________________________________________________________________________
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.200:80 -r 172.16.86.250 -m #可以在rs的ip后面加端口 默认是把前面的端口映射到后面的端口
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.200:80 -r 172.16.86.248 -m
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.200:80 -r 172.16.86.251 -m
#删:
#ipvsadm -d -t|u|f service-address -r server-address
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -d -t 172.16.86.249:80 -r 172.16.86.251
3、查看
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight权重 ActiveConn正在连接的 InActConn 非活动连接数量
TCP 192.168.1.200:80 wlc #默认是wlc调度
-> 172.16.86.248:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.86.250:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.86.251:80 Masq 1 0 0
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -ln --stats
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Conns连接数 InPkts入栈报文数 OutPkts出栈报文数 InBytes入栈字节 OutBytes出栈字节
-> RemoteAddress:Port
TCP 192.168.1.200:80 282989 1708574 1419365 115244K 141336K
-> 172.16.86.248:80 169787 1026019 852945 69195245 84705145
-> 172.16.86.250:80 56599 341318 281848 23003003 28178841
-> 172.16.86.251:80 56603 341237 284572 23046538 28452109
[root@node1 ~]# watch -n.1 ‘ipvsadm -Ln --rate‘
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port CPS每秒建立连接 InPPS每秒入栈报文数 OutPPS InBPS每秒入栈字节数 OutBPS
-> RemoteAddress:Port
TCP 192.168.1.200:80 1699 10176 8482 686755 850122
-> 172.16.86.248:80 1019 6106 5089 412064 508979
-> 172.16.86.250:80 340 2035 1696 137359 170579
-> 172.16.86.251:80 340 2035 1696 137332 170564
4、先来测试rr轮询算法
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -E -t 192.168.1.200:80 -s rr
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.200/
node4
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.200/
node3
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.200/
node2
wrr
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -E -t 192.168.1.200:80 -s wrr
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -e -t 192.168.1.200:80 -r 172.16.86.248 -m -w 3
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.200:80 wrr
-> 172.16.86.248:80 Masq 3 0 1 #node3
-> 172.16.86.250:80 Masq 1 0 1 #node2
-> 172.16.86.251:80 Masq 1 0 3 #node4
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.200/
node4
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.200/
node3
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.200/
node2
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.200/
node3
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://192.168.1.200/
node3
5、保存规则
#查看rpm包中的脚本
[root@node1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/ipvsadm.service
[Unit]
Description=Initialise the Linux Virtual Server
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "exec /sbin/ipvsadm-restore < /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm"
ExecStop=/bin/bash -c "exec /sbin/ipvsadm-save -n > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm"
ExecStop=/sbin/ipvsadm -C
RemainAfterExit=yes
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
#把规则保存到配置文件中
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -S -n > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
清空
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -C
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
#重载
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -R < /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.200:80 wrr
-> 172.16.86.248:80 Masq 3 0 0
-> 172.16.86.250:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 172.16.86.251:80 Masq 1 0 0
工作流程图
限制响应级别:arp_ignore
0:默认值,表示可使用本地任意接口上配置的任意地址进行响应;
1: 仅在请求的目标IP配置在本地主机的接收到请求报文接口上时,才给予响应;
限制通告级别:arp_announce
0:默认值,把本机上的所有接口的所有信息向每个接口上的网络进行通告;
1:尽量避免向非本地连接网络进行通告;
2:必须避免向非本网络通告;
这两个参数一个是通告设置,防止外部连接,一个是响应设置,防止向外发送
实验准备:
node1: dip192.168.1.200 vip:192.168.1.205 vs
node2: 192.168.1.201 vip:192.168.1.205 rs
node3: 192.168.1.202 vip:192.168.1.205 rs
node1 配置 vip ? 如果vip等于dip,下面广播域不要是自己
[root@node1 ~]# ip addr add 192.168.1.205/32 broadcast 192.168.1.205 dev ens34:0
[root@node1 ~]# ip addr delete 192.168.1.205/32 broadcast 192.168.1.205 dev ens34:0
rs: node2 node3 配置
#!/bin/bash
#
vip=192.168.1.205
mask=‘255.255.255.255‘
case $1 in
start)
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
ip addr add $vip/32 broadcast $vip dev lo:0
#发往vip的报文,必须要从lo:0 出去 所以这个lo:0网卡是用来发报文的,相当于 修改 源ip
ip route add $vip dev lo:0
;;
stop)
ip addr del $vip/32 dev lo:0
ip route delete $vip dev lo:0
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
;;
*)
echo "Usage $(basename $0) start|stop"
exit 1
;;
esac
vs:
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.1.205:80 -s rr
#这里添加节点还有另外一个意义:就是通知本机 rs节点会有vip,你只要把包发送回去就行
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.205:80 -r 192.168.1.201 -g
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.205:80 -r 192.168.1.202 -g
查看
[root@node1 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.205:80 rr
-> 192.168.1.201:80 Route 路由类型 1 0 0
-> 192.168.1.202:80 Route 1 0 0
测试
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
node3
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
node2
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
node3
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
node2
抓包分析
[root@node1 ~]# tcpdump -i any -nn port 80
#响应在rs节点
[root@node2 ~]# tcpdump -i any -nn port 80
10:18:54.367851 IP 192.168.1.205.80 > 192.168.1.104.55631: Flags [P.], seq 1:235, ack 78, win 227, options [nop,nop,TS val 352696164 ecr 945230025], length 234: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
vs配置脚本
#!/bin/bash
vip=‘192.168.1.205‘
iface=‘ens34:0‘
mask=‘255.255.255.255‘
port=‘80‘
rs1=‘192.168.1.201‘
rs2=‘192.168.1.202‘
scheduler=‘wrr‘
type=‘-g‘
case $1 in
start)
ip addr add $vip/32 broadcast $vip dev $iface
iptables -F
ipvsadm -A -t ${vip}:${port} -s $scheduler
ipvsadm -a -t ${vip}:${port} -r ${rs1} $type -w 1
ipvsadm -a -t ${vip}:${port} -r ${rs2} $type -w 1
;;
stop)
ipvsadm -C
ip addr delete $vip/32 broadcast $vip dev $iface
;;
*)
echo "Usage $(basename $0) start|stop"
exit 1
;;
esac
工作流程图
工作流程图
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.1.200 -p tcp -m multoport --dports 80,443 -j MARK --set-mark 3 #标记3 随意
iptables -t mangle -vnL
ipvsadm -A -f 3 s sh #对标记3的报文定义一个服务
ipvsadm -a -f 3 -r 192.168.1.201 -g
ipvsadm -a -f 3 -r 192.168.1.202 -g
-p 实现持久连接
每端口持久:每个端口对应定义为一个集群服务,每集群服务单独调度;
ipvsadm -A 192.168.1.200:80 -s rr -p
每防火墙标记持久:基于防火墙标记定义集群服务;可实现将多个端口上的应用统一调度,即所谓的port Affinity;
ipvsadm -A -f 3 -s rr -p
每客户端持久:基于0端口定义集群服务,即将客户端对所有应用的请求统统调度至后端主机,必须定义为持久模式;
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.1.200:0 -s rr -p
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.200:0 -r 192.168.1.201 -g
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.1.200:0 -r 192.168.1.202 -g
ldirectord功能:检查rs服务器是否有坏掉,如果坏掉,ipvsadm做delete,如果坏了修复会做ipvsadm add
配置脚本说明
checktimeout=3 超时时常
checkinterval=1 每个一秒检查一次,可以设置长点,减少压力
fallback=127.0.0.1:80 如果real server全跪了,本机提供
autoreload=yes 配置文件发生修改,自动加载
logfile="/var/log/ldirectord.log"
quiescent=no
virtual=5 #防火墙标记 ip:port 的话是正常标记
real=172.16.0.7:80 gate 2
real=172.16.0.8:80 gate 1
fallback=127.0.0.1:80 gate #如果rs都坏了,启用这项
service=http #用http协议方式监测,关闭这个选项,会用四层方式探测
scheduler=wrr
checktype=negotiate #谈判方式,不是一次击毙
checkport=80
request="index.html"
receive="CentOS" #index.html中带有CentOS
安装配置
[root@node1 packages]# wget ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/ftp5.gwdg.de/pub/opensuse/repositories/network:/ha-clustering:/Stable/CentOS_CentOS-6/x86_64/ldirectord-3.9.5-3.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@node1 packages]# yum install ldirectord-3.9.5-3.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@node1 packages]# rpm -ql ldirectord
/etc/ha.d
/etc/ha.d/resource.d
/etc/ha.d/resource.d/ldirectord
/etc/init.d/ldirectord
/etc/logrotate.d/ldirectord
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/ldirectord
/usr/sbin/ldirectord
/usr/share/doc/ldirectord-3.9.5
/usr/share/doc/ldirectord-3.9.5/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/ldirectord-3.9.5/ldirectord.cf
/usr/share/man/man8/ldirectord.8.gz
[root@node1 packages]# cp /usr/share/doc/ldirectord-3.9.5/ldirectord.cf /etc/ha.d/
[root@node1 packages]# vim /etc/ha.d/ldirectord.cf
# Global Directives
checktimeout=3
checkinterval=1
#fallback=127.0.0.1:80
#fallback6=[::1]:80
autoreload=yes
logfile="/var/log/ldirectord.log"
#logfile="local0"
#emailalert="admin@x.y.z"
#emailalertfreq=3600
#emailalertstatus=all
quiescent=no
virtual=192.168.1.205:80
real=192.168.1.201:80 gate
real=192.168.1.202:80 gate
fallback=127.0.0.1:80 gate
# service=http
scheduler=rr
#persistent=600
#netmask=255.255.255.255
protocol=tcp
checktype=negotiate
checkport=80
# request="index.html"
# receive="Test Page"
# virtualhost=www.x.y.z
启动服务
[root@node1 packages]# /etc/init.d/ldirectord start
Starting ldirectord (via systemctl): [ OK ]
[root@node1 packages]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.205:80 rr
-> 192.168.1.201:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.1.202:80 Route 1 0 0
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
node3
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
node2
停掉一个节点
[root@node3 ~]# systemctl stop mynginx
[root@node1 packages]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.205:80 rr
-> 192.168.1.201:80 Route 1 0 6
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
node2
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
node2
全部停掉 ,会自动启动本地服务
[root@node1 packages]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.205:80 rr
-> 127.0.0.1:80 Route 1 0 0
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
sorry
marvindeMacBook-Pro:~ marvin$ curl http://192.168.1.205/
sorry
启用一台,恢复正常
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start mynginx
[root@node1 packages]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.205:80 rr
-> 192.168.1.201:80 Route 1 0 0
标签:linux lvs
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/marvin89/2122189