SQL语句大全从基础到熟练（不含数据库高端操作）日常用户 二

Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as //从少到多

select encrypt(‘原始密码‘)
select pwdencrypt(‘原始密码‘)
select pwdcompare(‘原始密码‘,‘加密后密码‘) = 1--相同；否则不相同encrypt(‘原始密码‘)
select pwdencrypt(‘原始密码‘)
select pwdcompare(‘原始密码‘,‘加密后密码‘) = 1--相同；否则不相同

declare @list varchar(1000),
@sql nvarchar(1000) 
select @list=@list+‘,‘+b.name from sysobjects a,syscolumns b where a.id=b.id and a.name=‘表A‘
set @sql=‘select ‘+right(@list,len(@list)-1)+‘ from 表A‘ 
exec (@sql)

EXEC master..xp_fixeddrives

if (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from A)
     =
    (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from B)
print ‘相等‘
else
print ‘不相等‘

DECLARE hcforeach CURSOR GLOBAL FOR SELECT ‘kill ‘+RTRIM(spid) FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses
WHERE program_name IN(‘SQL profiler‘,N‘SQL 事件探查器‘)
EXEC sp_msforeach_worker ‘?‘

Select Top N * From 表
-------------------------------
N到M条记录(要有主索引ID)
Select Top M-N * From 表 Where ID in (Select Top M ID From 表) Order by ID   Desc
----------------------------------
N到结尾记录
Select Top N * From 表 Order by ID Desc
例如：一张表有一万多条记录，表的第一个字段 RecID 是自增长字段， 写一个SQL语句， 找出表的第到第个记录。
 select top 10 recid from A where recid not  in(select top 30 recid from A)
分析：如果这样写会产生某些问题，如果recid在表中存在逻辑索引。
    select top 10 recid from A where……是从索引中查找，而后面的select top 30 recid from A则在数据表中查找，这样由于索引中的顺序有可能和数据表中的不一致，这样就导致查询到的不是本来的欲得到的数据。
解决方案
1， 用order by select top 30 recid from A order by ricid 如果该字段不是自增长，就会出现问题
2， 在那个子查询中也加条件：select top 30 recid from A where recid>-1
例：查询表中的最后以条记录，并不知道这个表共有多少数据,以及表结构。
set @s = ‘select top 1 * from T   where pid not in (select top ‘ + str(@count-1) + ‘ pid  from  T)‘
print @s      exec  sp_executesql  @s

select Name from sysobjects where xtype=‘u‘ and status>=0

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(‘表名‘)
select name from syscolumns where id in (select id from sysobjects where type = ‘u‘ and name = ‘表名‘)
两种方式的效果相同

select a.* from sysobjects a, syscomments b where a.id = b.id and b.text like ‘%表名%‘

select name as 存储过程名称 from sysobjects where xtype=‘P‘

select * from master..sysdatabases D where sid not in(select sid from master..syslogins where name=‘sa‘)
或者
select dbid, name AS DB_NAME from master..sysdatabases where sid <> 0x01

select column_name,data_type from information_schema.columns
where table_name = ‘表名‘

--创建链接服务器
exec sp_addlinkedserver ‘ITSV ‘, ‘ ‘, ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘远程服务器名或ip地址‘ 
exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin‘ITSV ‘, ‘false ‘,null, ‘用户名‘, ‘密码‘
--查询示例
select * from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名
--导入示例
select * into 表 from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名
--以后不再使用时删除链接服务器
exec sp_dropserver  ‘ITSV ‘, ‘droplogins ‘
--连接远程/局域网数据(openrowset/openquery/opendatasource)
--1、openrowset
--查询示例
select * from openrowset( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘sql服务器名‘; ‘用户名‘; ‘密码‘,数据库名.dbo.表名)
--生成本地表
select * into 表 from openrowset( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘sql服务器名‘; ‘用户名‘; ‘密码‘,数据库名.dbo.表名)
--把本地表导入远程表
insert openrowset( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘sql服务器名‘; ‘用户名‘; ‘密码‘,数据库名.dbo.表名)
select *from 本地表
--更新本地表
update b set b.列A=a.列A from openrowset( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘sql服务器名‘; ‘用户名‘; ‘密码‘,数据库名.dbo.表名)as a inner join 本地表 b
on a.column1=b.column1
--openquery用法需要创建一个连接
--首先创建一个连接创建链接服务器
exec sp_addlinkedserver   ‘ITSV ‘, ‘ ‘, ‘SQLOLEDB ‘, ‘远程服务器名或ip地址‘
--查询
select * FROM openquery(ITSV,  ‘SELECT *  FROM 数据库.dbo.表名‘)
--把本地表导入远程表
insert openquery(ITSV,  ‘SELECT *  FROM 数据库.dbo.表名‘)
select * from 本地表
--更新本地表
update b set b.列B=a.列B FROM openquery(ITSV,  ‘SELECT * 
 FROM 数据库.dbo.表名‘) as a 
inner join 本地表 b on a.列A=b.列A
--3、opendatasource/openrowset
SELECT   * FROM   opendatasource( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘,  ‘Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码‘ ).test.dbo.roy_ta
--把本地表导入远程表
insert opendatasource( ‘SQLOLEDB ‘,  ‘Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码‘).数据库.dbo.表名
select * from 本地表 

“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部    “where 1=2”全部不选，set @strSQL = ‘select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘] where 1=1 and ‘+ @strWhere 

--重建索引
DBCC REINDEX
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
--收缩数据和日志
DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE

dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

exec sp_change_users_login ‘update_one‘,‘newname‘,‘oldname‘
go

RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk=‘E:\dvbbs.bak‘

ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB(‘dvbbs‘,repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO

SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
 @MaxMinutes INT,
 @NewSize INT
USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名
SELECT  @LogicalFileName = ‘tablename_log‘, -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
 @NewSize = 1  -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)
Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
SELECT @OriginalSize = size 
 FROM sysfiles
 WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
SELECT ‘Original Size of ‘ + db_name() + ‘ LOG is ‘ + 
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ‘ 8K pages or ‘ + 
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + ‘MB‘
 FROM sysfiles
 WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
CREATE TABLE DummyTrans
 (DummyColumn char (8000) not null)
DECLARE @Counter    INT,
 @StartTime DATETIME,
 @TruncLog   VARCHAR(255)
SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(),
 @TruncLog = ‘BACKUP LOG ‘ + db_name() + ‘ WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY‘
DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired
 AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName)  
 AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize  
 BEGIN -- Outer loop.
SELECT @Counter = 0
 WHILE   ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
 BEGIN -- update
 INSERT DummyTrans VALUES (‘Fill Log‘) DELETE DummyTrans
 SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1
 END
 EXEC (@TruncLog)  
 END
SELECT ‘Final Size of ‘ + db_name() + ‘ LOG is ‘ +
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ‘ 8K pages or ‘ + 
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + ‘MB‘
 FROM sysfiles 
 WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
DROP TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF

exec sp_changeobjectowner ‘tablename‘,‘dbo‘

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS
DECLARE @Name    as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner   as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName   as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR 
select ‘Name‘    = name,
   ‘Owner‘    = user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name
OPEN   curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN     
if @Owner=@OldOwner 
begin
   set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + ‘.‘ + rtrim(@Name)
   exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END
close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO
10、SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据
declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
    insert into test (userid) values(@i)
    set @i=@i+1
end
案例：
有如下表，要求就裱中所有沒]]有及格的成績，在每次增長LL.1的基礎AA上，使他們剛好及格:
    Name     score
    Zhangshan   80
    Lishi       59
    Wangwu      50
    Songquan    69
while((select min(score) from tb_table)<60)
begin
update tb_table set score =score*1.01
where score<60
if  (select min(score) from tb_table)>60
  break
 else
    continue
end