django rest framework 向数据库中插入数据时处理外键的方法

from django.db import models


class UserModel(models.Model)
    user_name = models.CharField()


class MyModel(models.Model)
    author = models.Foreignkey(user)
    age = models.CharField()

from rest_framework.serializers import Serializer
from models import MyModel


class MySerializer( Serializer.ModelSerializers):
    
    # 自定义字段
    user_name = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
        fields = ("user_name", "age")
    
    # 处理自定义的字段返回用户名, 通过外键获取UserModel的数据
    def get_user_name(self, obj):
        return obj.user.user_name
    
    def create(self,  validated_data)
                                      # 处理外键字段
    　　return MyModel.objects.create(author=self.context["author"], **validated_data)

# 视图函数中
from rest_framework.views import APIView  # 类视图中使用,集成自该类
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view # 方法视图中使用,是一个装饰器,直接装饰方法视图

from rest_framework import status
from rest_framework.response import Response # 直接可以将字典数据转换成json数据
from models import MyModel
from serializers import MySerializer
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions



@api_view([‘GET‘, ‘POST‘, ‘PUT‘, ‘DELETE‘]) # 指明允许那些请求方式进行请求
def api_list(request):

    if request.method == ‘GET‘:
        # 向数据库查询数据，得到查询集
        try:
            query_set = MyModel.objects.all()
        except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
            return Response(status=status.HTTP_417_EXPECTATION_FAILED)
        # 调用序列化类对象,返回进行了序列化的字段集合,使用serializers.data方式 获取数据
        serializers = MySerializer(query_set, many=True)
        # 取出数据，向客户端进行返回，Response()会将数据转化为json数据. 
        return Response(serializers.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

     # 前端提交数据，调用模型，将其保存到数据库中
    elif request.method == ‘POST‘:
　　　　  user = request.user
        #                                             将外键数据插入
        serializer = MySerializer(data= request.data, context={"author":user})
        # 如果反序列化的对象存在，就说明数据有效，将数据保存到数据库中
        if serializer.is_valid():
            # 调用save(), 从而调用序列化对象的create()方法,创建一条数据
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)