异常处理
name = "aa"
try: # 这一段是要执行的主体
print(name)
# except Exception as msg: # 如果没有正常执行,就执行下面的这一段。Exception 是错误类型。
except : # 如果没有正常执行,就执行下面的这一段。Exception 是错误类型(有好多类型,可以百度查下,错误类型 ,尽量写的准确些)。
print("name is err...")
else: # 只有当try的那段 正常执行了后,才会执行下面的这一段。
print("welcome: {}.".format(name))
finally: # 无论有没有正常执行 都会执行这一段的。
print("this is test.")
断言 assert
格式: assert 表达式, ‘异常错误信息‘
# 当表达式不成立时,就会抛后面的错误信息。
assert name == "aa","name not wf"
raise 异常类型("错误提示") ;和try结合使用
作用:
1.捕获异常为了让程序不至于中断,在逻辑控制之内。
2.抛出异常是为了,保证程序在遇到这种问题的时候必须中止。
v1 = "wf"
li = [1,23]
try:
# print(v1)
# print(li[4])
raise IndexError("索引不存在") # 一般不用
# 为啥写这么多except呢?方便记录日志.
except IndexError as msg: # 错误类型是索引
print(msg)
except Exception as msg: # 所有的错误类型,你可以这么些
print(msg)
else:
print("good")
finally:
print("test")
def send_mail(msg,mail):
print("msg:{} to mail:{}".format(msg,mail))
send_mail("hellow","wangfei1000@yeah.net")
class mail():
def __init__(self,msg,mail):
#构造方法,无须调用,自动执行
self.msg = msg
self.mail = mail
def send_mail(self):
print("send msg:{} to mail:{}".format(self.msg, self.mail))
# 创建一个对象,obj 就是对象。obj是类对象的指针。
obj = mail("hello","wf@qq.com") 他指向mail这个类。
obj.send_mail()
什么时候能用到类呢? 我个人理解:
例如我写一个zabbix 增删改查脚本,每次操作都需要使用zabbix创建好的这个连接。
我当然可以写成面向过程或面向函数的这种脚本。但是它的可读性和代码的简洁度不好。
我写成一个类,无论是使用还是可读性都会变的很好。
class c1(): # 父类;基类
def f1(self):
v1 = 1
print(v1)
def f2(self):
v2 = 2
print(v2)
class c2(c1): # 子类;派生类,如何继承多个父类呢? c2(c1,c4)
name = "wangfei" # 静态字段
def __init__(self,age):
self.age = age
def f1(self):
v1 = "c2_2" # 普通字段
print(v1)
def f3(self):
v3 = 3
print(v3)
# obj = c2("18") #
# # obj.f1() # 子类的方法是优先父类的方法
# # obj.f2() # 子类没有这个方法就到父类去找
# re = c2.name # 静态字段通过类来访问的
# print(re)
# re2 = obj # 普通字段通过对象来访问
# print(re2)
啥叫多态呢? 可以往类里传入任何数据类型的参数。
多继承注意事项。
1. 当只有一条道的时候,就是一条路走到底。子类继承父类,父类继承父父类。
2. 当有2条道的时候,左边的的优先于右边的。当左边的道走到第三步还没有走到时,就要返回同级走第二条道到底了。
3. 这里需要注意的是,self是代表是第一层的obj 就是最小的那代类。
类的方法
class c1():
v2 = 20
def __init__(self,v1): # 构造方法
self.v1 = v1
def f1(self): # 普通方法
print(self.v1)
print(c1.v2)
@staticmethod
def f2(): # 静态方法,通过类来调用;为了节省内存
print(c1.v2)
obj1 = c1(120)
c1.f2() # 通过类来访问静态方法
obj1.f2() # 通过对象来访问
类的属性
class c1():
v2 = 20
def __init__(self,v1):
self.v1 = v1
def f1(self):
print(self.v1)
print(c1.v2)
@property # 这个就叫做属性.
def f2(self):
print(c1.v2)
def f3(self):
re = obj1.f2
# print(re)
obj1 = c1(120)
obj1.f2 # 奇怪吧? 通过访问字段的方式进行使用的
获取访问url的状态码
import requests
res = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/")
print(res.status_code)
案列1:读取url列表,进行测试,如果状态码是40x 50x 的就打印出来。生产环境就是调用接口进行报警。
import requests
url_list = [‘http://www.baidu.com‘, ‘http://www.sina.com.cn‘, ‘http://adminset.cn‘]
err_http_code = [401,402,403,404,500,501,502,503,504,505]
for url in url_list:
res = requests.get(url)
if res.status_code in err_htttp_code:
print("access {} http code failed".format(url))
案例2:上方案例从文件中读取url列表,进行判断。
import requests
error_code_list = [401,402,403,404,500,501,502,503,504,505]
with open("url_list.txt","rb") as url_file:
while True:
url_line = url_file.readline()
if url_line:
str_url_line = str(url_line,encoding="utf-8")
str_url = str_url_line.split("\n")[0] # 从文件里面读取的行,后面是有换行符的。\n的 不能直接使用,需要去掉哦。
res = requests.get(str_url)
if res.status_code in error_code_list:
print("url: {}, status code: {}".format(str_url,res.status_code))
else:
break
如果url是包含https,怎么处理呢 ?
res = requests.get("https://www.12306.cn",verify = False)
print(res)
请求api接口,获取添加的主机信息。由于请求的时候,需要token信息,url需要拼接下。
# url后面的”“ 表示后面要接参数 ,因为在字典里面定义了(para变量),requests模块加了params后会自动进行 拼接得。
# http://115.28.147.154/cmdb/get/host/?token="token信息"&name=“user”
para = {‘token‘: ‘PnSlpwJDQE3L‘, ‘name‘: ‘adminset‘}
res = requests.get("http://115.28.147.154/cmdb/get/host/", params = para)
# 查看拼接后的url
print(res.url)
# 获取结果
data = r.text
import json
# 进行反序列化
d1 = json.loads(data)
print(d1[‘data‘][‘ip‘])
向redis里面写入数据,读取数据。
import redis
redis_conn = redis.StrictRedis(host="127.0.0.1",port=6379,db=0)
redis_conn.set("name","wangfei") # 写入数据
re = redis_conn.get("name") # 读取数据数据
print(re)
redis_conn.lpush("list2","python class") # push的是一个列表
例子:获取主机名和ip地址 ,然后写到redis里面去。
import redis
import socket
def get_sys_info():
try:
hostname = socket.gethostname()
ip = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
except Exception as msg:
print(msg)
hostname = ""
ip = ""
finally:
data = {"hostname": hostname,"ip":ip}
return data
# 链接redis
redis_conn = redis.StrictRedis("127.0.0.1",6379)
try:
# 获取系统信息
re = get_sys_info()
# 将系统信息写到redis,作为列表里的一个元素。
redis_conn.lpush("host",re)
except Exception as msg:
print(msg)
# 上面这一段或者是这么写。
# re = get_sys_info()
# assert redis_conn.lpush("host",re),"lpush error"
Level | Numeric value |
---|---|
CRITICAL | 50 |
ERROR | 40 |
WARNING | 30 |
INFO | 20 |
DEBUG | 10 |
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format=‘%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s‘,
datefmt=‘%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S‘,
filename="./agent.log",
filemode=‘a‘)
log = "redis connecting+++++++++++++"
logging.critical(log)
psutil 模块获取系统信息
import psutil
# 获取cpu的数量信息
print(psutil.cpu_count()) # 逻辑核心数
print(psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)) # 物理核心数
# 获取所有磁盘分区信息
# print(psutil.disk_partitions())
res = psutil.disk_partitions()
for mount in res:
print(mount[1])
# 获取磁盘分区的使用信息
# print(psutil.disk_usage("/"))
res = psutil.disk_partitions()
for mount in res:
print(psutil.disk_usage(mount[1]))
# 获取内存信息
print(sutil.virtual_memory())
print(sutil.virtual_memory().total)
configparser 模块读取配置文件。
import configparser
# 如何从一个文件里面读取参数?
# 读取文件流程
# 第1步 初始化模块(我自己想的,帮助记忆理解)
config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
# 第2步 打开配置参数文件
redis_conf_file = open("redis.conf","r")
# 第3步 读取所有参数内容
config.read_file(redis_conf_file)
# 第4步 获取对应key下面的参数。
print(config.get("redis","host"))
print(config.get("redis","port"))
-----------------------
备注:redis.conf内容
[redis]
host = 127.0.0.1
port = 6379
例子: 从配置文件里面读取redis 地址和端口信息,然后写一个信息到redis里面去。
import redis
# python2 python3 导入configparser模块名不一样。
try:
import configparser
except Exception as msg:
print(msg)
import ConfigParser
config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
# 打开配置文件,读取内容
try:
with open("redis.conf","r") as redis_conf_file:
config.read_file(redis_conf_file)
host = config.get("redis","host")
port = config.get("redis","port")
except Exception as msg:
print(msg)
# 写信息到redis里面去
try:
redis_conn = redis.StrictRedis(host,port,0)
redis_conn.set("test_key","test_values")
except Exception as msg:
print(msg)
# 定时任务模块
# time.sleep 是整个脚本程序都中断了,任务是串行的。使用schedule 是异步执行的。
import schedule
import time
import threading
def hello(): 60s
print("2 hello")
def morning(): 3600s
print("1 morning")
def job_thread(func): # 多线程
t = threading.Thread(target=func)
t.start()
schedule.every(2).seconds.do(job_thread, hello) # 每隔2秒执行一次任务。
schedule.every(1).seconds.do(job_thread, morning) # 每隔1秒 执行一次任务。
while True: # 这个是固定的写法,每隔1s 检查查定时任务
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)
import xlrd # 读取excel文件内容
#### 从Excel文件读取内容
zabbix_file = xlrd.open_workbook("./zabbix-host.xls")
zabbix_file_table = zabbix_file.sheet_by_name("sheet01")
print(zabbix_file_table.nrows) # 获取行数
print(zabbix_file_table.row_values(0)) # 获取指定行的内容
print( zabbix_file_table.ncols) # 获取列数
print(zabbix_file_table.col_values(2)) # 获取指定列的内容
print(zabbix_file_table.cell(1,2)) # 获取1行2列内容
#### 向Excel文件写入内容
import xlwt # 向Excel文件里写入内容
zabbix_file = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="ascii") # 指定编码
file_sheet = zabbix_file.add_sheet("sheet02") # 新建工作簿
file_sheet.write(0,1,label = "hehe") # 写入内容
file_sheet.write(0,2,label = "hehe")
file_sheet.write(0,4,label = "hehe")
file_sheet.write(0,3,label = "hehe")
zabbix_file.save("test.xls") # 保存
from pyzabbix import ZabbixAPI
import xlrd
import configparser
import logging
import sys
import os
class zabbix():
def __init__(self,host_file):
self.host_file = host_file
# 日志模块
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format=‘%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s‘,
datefmt=‘%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S‘,
filename="./zabbix.log",
filemode=‘a‘)
# 读取zabbix 配置文件
try:
config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
with open("/Users/feiwang/PycharmProjects/python-study2/work/zabbix.conf","r") as zabbix_conf_file:
config.read_file(zabbix_conf_file)
self.zabbix_user = config.get("zabbix","user")
self.zabbix_passwd = config.get("zabbix","passwd")
except Exception as msg:
logging.error(msg)
raise msg
# 登录zabbix
try:
self.zapi = ZabbixAPI("http://192.168.4.135/zabbix")
self.zapi.login(self.zabbix_user,self.zabbix_passwd)
logging.info("connecting zabbix successful.")
except Exception as msg:
logging.error("connecting zabbix failed" + "detail:{}".format(msg))
raise msg
def load_zabbix(self):
# 读取excel文件
try:
zabbix_file = xlrd.open_workbook(self.host_file)
zabbix_file_table = zabbix_file.sheet_by_name("sheet01")
logging.info("open host.xls ok.")
except Exception as msg:
logging.error(msg)
zabbix_file = ‘‘
zabbix_file_table = ‘‘
# 读取zabbix 信息
host_list = []
for row in range(1, zabbix_file_table.nrows):
row_values = zabbix_file_table.row_values(row)
visible_name = row_values[1]
hostname = row_values[0]
port = row_values[-1]
ip = row_values[-2]
group_id = "2"
create_host = {
"host": hostname,
"description": visible_name,
"name": visible_name,
"interfaces": [
{
"type": 1,
"main": 1,
"useip": 1,
"ip": ip,
"dns": "",
"port": port
}, ],
"groups": [{
"groupid": group_id
}, ], }
host_list.append(create_host)
return host_list
def add_host(self):
for host in self.load_zabbix():
try:
self.zapi.host.create(host)
logging.info("create status: ok, create host info:{}".format(host))
except Exception as msg:
print(msg)
logging.error("zabbix create hosts failed. {}".format(msg))
# # del host
def del_host(self):
‘‘‘
循环zabbix 上获取到的主机,然后和本地excel文件里要删除的主机进行对比,如果是的,那么就把他删掉。
删除用hostid
:return:
‘‘‘
for host in obj.zapi.host.get():
for del_host in self.load_zabbix():
if host["host"] == del_host["host"]:
try:
self.zapi.host.delete(host["hostid"])
print("delete host{} is ok.".format(host["host"]))
logging.info("del host:{} ok".format(host["hostid"]))
except Exception as msg:
print(msg)
logging.error("del host:{} failed,".format(host["host"]))
if __name__ == "__main__":
action,file = sys.argv[1:]
assert os.path.exists(file),"file:‘{}‘ doesn‘t exists".format(file)
obj = zabbix(file)
if action == "add":
obj.add_host()
elif action == "del":
obj.del_host()
elif action == "update":
pass
elif action == "get":
pass
else:
print("action is err.")
raise Exception
要求:
Agent脚本内容
import json
import platform
import schedule
import psutil
import configparser
import redis
import logging
import threading
import socket
import time
import math
def log():
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format=‘%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s‘, # 日志格式
datefmt=‘%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S‘, # 时间格式
filename="./agent.log", # 日志文件的路径
filemode=‘a‘) # 文件的打开模式
return logging.basicConfig
log()
def get_sys():
try:
hostname = socket.gethostname()
ip = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
except Exception as msg:
print(msg)
hostname = ""
ip = ""
data = {"hostname":hostname,"ip":ip}
return data
def get_cpu():
cpu_count_logical = psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
cpu_count_phycial = psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)
cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=2)
data = {"phycial_count":cpu_count_phycial,"logical":cpu_count_logical,"percent":cpu_percent}
return data
def get_mem():
# math.ceil(小数) 取整数
mem_total = math.ceil(psutil.virtual_memory().total /1024/1024/1024)
mem_percent = psutil.virtual_memory().percent
data = {"mem_total":mem_total,"mem_percent":mem_percent}
return data
def get_disk():
disk_list = []
all_disk_part = psutil.disk_partitions()
for partition in all_disk_part:
mount_point = partition[1]
mount_total = math.ceil(psutil.disk_usage(mount_point).total/1024/1024/1024)
mount_percent = psutil.disk_usage(mount_point).percent
data = {"mount": mount_point,"total":mount_total,"percent":mount_percent}
disk_list.append(data)
return disk_list
def thread_run():
pass
def agent_info():
sys_data = {}
sys_data["host"] = get_sys()
sys_data["disk"] = get_disk()
sys_data["mem"] = get_mem()
sys_data["cpu"] = get_cpu()
return json.dumps(sys_data) # 进行反序列化
def put_redis():
config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
try:
with open("redis.conf","r") as redis_conf_file:
config.read_file(redis_conf_file)
redis_host = config.get("redis","host")
redis_port = config.get("redis","port")
except Exception as msg:
redis_host = "127.0.0.1"
redis_port = 6379
print(msg)
try:
logging.info("connect redis server.")
redis_conn = redis.StrictRedis(redis_host,redis_port,0)
logging.info("put systeminfo to redis server.")
redis_conn.lpush("host",xagent_info())
logging.info("data:{}".format(agent_info()))
logging.info("put successful....")
def thread_job(func):
target =threading.Thread(target=func)
target.start()
if __name__ == "__main__":
schedule.every(2).seconds.do(thread_job,put_redis)
while True:
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/damaicha/2123578