import threading

R=threading.Lock()

R.acquire()
‘‘‘
对公共数据的操作
‘‘‘
R.release()

import threading
import time

semaphore = threading.Semaphore(5)

def func():
    if semaphore.acquire():
        print (threading.currentThread().getName() + ‘ get semaphore‘)
        time.sleep(2)
        semaphore.release()

for i in range(20):
  t1 = threading.Thread(target=func)
  t1.start()

‘‘‘

创建一个“队列”对象

import Queue
q = Queue.Queue(maxsize = 10)
Queue.Queue类即是一个队列的同步实现。队列长度可为无限或者有限。可通过Queue的构造函数的可选参数
maxsize来设定队列长度。如果maxsize小于1就表示队列长度无限。

将一个值放入队列中
q.put(10)
调用队列对象的put()方法在队尾插入一个项目。put()有两个参数，第一个item为必需的，为插入项目的值；
第二个block为可选参数，默认为
1。如果队列当前为空且block为1，put()方法就使调用线程暂停,直到空出一个数据单元。如果block为0，
put方法将引发Full异常。

将一个值从队列中取出
q.get()
调用队列对象的get()方法从队头删除并返回一个项目。可选参数为block，默认为True。如果队列为空且
block为True，get()就使调用线程暂停，直至有项目可用。如果队列为空且block为False，队列将引发Empty异常。

‘‘‘

‘‘‘
join() 阻塞进程，直到所有任务完成，需要配合另一个方法task_done。

    def join(self):
     with self.all_tasks_done:
      while self.unfinished_tasks:
       self.all_tasks_done.wait()

task_done() 表示某个任务完成。每一条get语句后需要一条task_done。


import queue
q = queue.Queue(5)
q.put(10)
q.put(20)
print(q.get())
q.task_done()
print(q.get())
q.task_done()

q.join()

print("ending!")
‘‘‘

‘‘‘

此包中的常用方法(q = Queue.Queue()):

q.qsize() 返回队列的大小
q.empty() 如果队列为空，返回True,反之False
q.full() 如果队列满了，返回True,反之False
q.full 与 maxsize 大小对应
q.get([block[, timeout]]) 获取队列，timeout等待时间
q.get_nowait() 相当q.get(False)非阻塞 
q.put(item) 写入队列，timeout等待时间
q.put_nowait(item) 相当q.put(item, False)
q.task_done() 在完成一项工作之后，q.task_done() 函数向任务已经完成的队列发送一个信号
q.join() 实际上意味着等到队列为空，再执行别的操作

‘‘‘

‘‘‘

Python Queue模块有三种队列及构造函数: 

1、Python Queue模块的FIFO队列先进先出。  class queue.Queue(maxsize) 
2、LIFO类似于堆，即先进后出。           class queue.LifoQueue(maxsize) 
3、还有一种是优先级队列级别越低越先出来。 class queue.PriorityQueue(maxsize) 


import queue

#先进后出

q=queue.LifoQueue()

q.put(34)
q.put(56)
q.put(12)

#优先级
q=queue.PriorityQueue()
q.put([5,100])
q.put([7,200])
q.put([3,"hello"])
q.put([4,{"name":"alex"}])

while 1:
  data=q.get()
  print(data)

‘‘‘

import time,random
import queue,threading

q = queue.Queue()

def Producer(name):
  count = 0
  while count <10:
    print("making........")
    time.sleep(random.randrange(3))
    q.put(count)
    print(‘Producer %s has produced %s baozi..‘ %(name, count))
    count +=1
    #q.task_done()
    #q.join()
    print("ok......")
def Consumer(name):
  count = 0
  while count <10:
    time.sleep(random.randrange(4))
    if not q.empty():
        data = q.get()
        #q.task_done()
        #q.join()
        print(data)
        print(‘\033[32;1mConsumer %s has eat %s baozi...\033[0m‘ %(name, data))
    else:
        print("-----no baozi anymore----")
    count +=1

p1 = threading.Thread(target=Producer, args=(‘A‘,))
c1 = threading.Thread(target=Consumer, args=(‘B‘,))
# c2 = threading.Thread(target=Consumer, args=(‘C‘,))
# c3 = threading.Thread(target=Consumer, args=(‘D‘,))
p1.start()
c1.start()
# c2.start()
# c3.start()

# Process类调用

from multiprocessing import Process
import time
def f(name):

    print(‘hello‘, name,time.ctime())
    time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    p_list=[]
    for i in range(3):
        p = Process(target=f, args=(‘alvin:%s‘%i,))
        p_list.append(p)
        p.start()
    for i in p_list:
        p.join()
    print(‘end‘)

# 继承Process类调用
from multiprocessing import Process
import time

class MyProcess(Process):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyProcess, self).__init__()
        # self.name = name

    def run(self):

        print (‘hello‘, self.name,time.ctime())
        time.sleep(1)


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    p_list=[]
    for i in range(3):
        p = MyProcess()
        p.start()
        p_list.append(p)

    for p in p_list:
        p.join()

    print(‘end‘)

from multiprocessing import Process
import os
import time
def info(name):


    print("name:",name)
    print(‘parent process:‘, os.getppid())
    print(‘process id:‘, os.getpid())
    print("------------------")
    time.sleep(1)

def foo(name):

    info(name)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:

    info(‘main process line‘)


    p1 = Process(target=info, args=(‘alvin‘,))
    p2 = Process(target=foo, args=(‘egon‘,))
    p1.start()
    p2.start()

    p1.join()
    p2.join()

    print("ending")

from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import queue

def f(q,n):
    #q.put([123, 456, ‘hello‘])
    q.put(n*n+1)
    print("son process",id(q))

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    q = Queue()  #try: q=queue.Queue()
    print("main process",id(q))

    for i in range(3):
        p = Process(target=f, args=(q,i))
        p.start()

    print(q.get())
    print(q.get())
    print(q.get())

from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe

def f(conn):
    conn.send([12, {"name":"yuan"}, ‘hello‘])
    response=conn.recv()
    print("response",response)
    conn.close()
    if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:

    parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe()
   
    p = Process(target=f, args=(child_conn,))
    p.start()
    print(parent_conn.recv())   # prints "[42, None, ‘hello‘]"
    parent_conn.send("儿子你好!")
    p.join()

from multiprocessing import Process, Manager

def f(d, l,n):

    d[n] = n
    d["name"] ="alvin"
    l.append(n)

    #print("l",l)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:

    with Manager() as manager:

        d = manager.dict()

        l = manager.list(range(5))
        p_list = []

        for i in range(10):
            p = Process(target=f, args=(d,l,i))
            p.start()
            p_list.append(p)

        for res in p_list:
            res.join()

        print(d)
        print(l)

from multiprocessing import Pool
import time

def foo(args):
 time.sleep(1)
 print(args)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
 p = Pool(5)
 for i in range(30):
     p.apply_async(func=foo, args= (i,))

 p.close()   # 等子进程执行完毕后关闭线程池
 # time.sleep(2)
 # p.terminate()  # 立刻关闭线程池
 p.join()

import time

"""
传统的生产者-消费者模型是一个线程写消息，一个线程取消息，通过锁机制控制队列和等待，但一不小心就可能死锁。
如果改用协程，生产者生产消息后，直接通过yield跳转到消费者开始执行，待消费者执行完毕后，切换回生产者继续生产，效率极高。
"""
# 注意到consumer函数是一个generator（生成器）:
# 任何包含yield关键字的函数都会自动成为生成器(generator)对象

def consumer():
    r = ‘‘
    while True:
        # 3、consumer通过yield拿到消息，处理，又通过yield把结果传回；
        #    yield指令具有return关键字的作用。然后函数的堆栈会自动冻结(freeze)在这一行。
        #    当函数调用者的下一次利用next()或generator.send()或for-in来再次调用该函数时，
        #    就会从yield代码的下一行开始，继续执行，再返回下一次迭代结果。通过这种方式，迭代器可以实现无限序列和惰性求值。
        n = yield r
        if not n:
            return
        print(‘[CONSUMER] ←← Consuming %s...‘ % n)
        time.sleep(1)
        r = ‘200 OK‘
def produce(c):
    # 1、首先调用c.next()启动生成器
    next(c)
    n = 0
    while n < 5:
        n = n + 1
        print(‘[PRODUCER] →→ Producing %s...‘ % n)
        # 2、然后，一旦生产了东西，通过c.send(n)切换到consumer执行；
        cr = c.send(n)
        # 4、produce拿到consumer处理的结果，继续生产下一条消息；
        print(‘[PRODUCER] Consumer return: %s‘ % cr)
    # 5、produce决定不生产了，通过c.close()关闭consumer，整个过程结束。
    c.close()
if __name__==‘__main__‘:
    # 6、整个流程无锁，由一个线程执行，produce和consumer协作完成任务，所以称为“协程”，而非线程的抢占式多任务。
    c = consumer()
    produce(c)
    
    
‘‘‘
result:

[PRODUCER] →→ Producing 1...
[CONSUMER] ←← Consuming 1...
[PRODUCER] Consumer return: 200 OK
[PRODUCER] →→ Producing 2...
[CONSUMER] ←← Consuming 2...
[PRODUCER] Consumer return: 200 OK
[PRODUCER] →→ Producing 3...
[CONSUMER] ←← Consuming 3...
[PRODUCER] Consumer return: 200 OK
[PRODUCER] →→ Producing 4...
[CONSUMER] ←← Consuming 4...
[PRODUCER] Consumer return: 200 OK
[PRODUCER] →→ Producing 5...
[CONSUMER] ←← Consuming 5...
[PRODUCER] Consumer return: 200 OK
‘‘‘

from greenlet import greenlet
 
def test1():
    print (12)
    gr2.switch()
    print (34)
    gr2.switch()
 
def test2():
    print (56)
    gr1.switch()
    print (78)
 
gr1 = greenlet(test1)
gr2 = greenlet(test2)
gr1.switch()

import gevent
import time

def foo():
    print("running in foo")
    gevent.sleep(2)
    print("switch to foo again")

def bar():
    print("switch to bar")
    gevent.sleep(5)
    print("switch to bar again")

start=time.time()

gevent.joinall(
    [gevent.spawn(foo),
    gevent.spawn(bar)]
)

print(time.time()-start)

from gevent import monkey
monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
from urllib import request
import time

def f(url):
    print(‘GET: %s‘ % url)
    resp = request.urlopen(url)
    data = resp.read()
    print(‘%d bytes received from %s.‘ % (len(data), url))

start=time.time()

gevent.joinall([
        gevent.spawn(f, ‘https://itk.org/‘),
        gevent.spawn(f, ‘https://www.github.com/‘),
        gevent.spawn(f, ‘https://zhihu.com/‘),
])

# f(‘https://itk.org/‘)
# f(‘https://www.github.com/‘)
# f(‘https://zhihu.com/‘)

print(time.time()-start)