python常用模块1

"""
Django settings for webwx project.

Generated by ‘django-admin startproject‘ using Django 1.10.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = ‘mpn^n-s-&+ckg_)gl4sp^@8=89us&@*^r1c_81#x-5+$)rf8=3‘

# SECURITY WARNING: don‘t run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ‘django.contrib.admin‘,
    ‘django.contrib.auth‘,
    ‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘,
    ‘django.contrib.sessions‘,
    ‘django.contrib.messages‘,
    ‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘,
    ‘web‘,
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    ‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘,
    ‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘,
    ‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘,
    # ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
    ‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘,
    ‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘,
    ‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘,
]

ROOT_URLCONF = ‘webwx.urls‘

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘,
        ‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘templates‘)]
        ,
        ‘APP_DIRS‘: True,
        ‘OPTIONS‘: {
            ‘context_processors‘: [
                ‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘,
                ‘django.template.context_processors.request‘,
                ‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘,
                ‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘,
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = ‘webwx.wsgi.application‘


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    ‘default‘: {
        ‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.sqlite3‘,
        ‘NAME‘: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘db.sqlite3‘),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        ‘NAME‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator‘,
    },
    {
        ‘NAME‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator‘,
    },
    {
        ‘NAME‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator‘,
    },
    {
        ‘NAME‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator‘,
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘en-us‘

TIME_ZONE = ‘UTC‘

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = ‘/static/‘
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘static‘),
)

Django的配置文件举例

[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes
  
[bitbucket.org]
User = hg
  
[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()

config["DEFAULT"] = {‘ServerAliveInterval‘: ‘45‘,
                      ‘Compression‘: ‘yes‘,
                     ‘CompressionLevel‘: ‘9‘,
                     ‘ForwardX11‘:‘yes‘
                     }

config[‘bitbucket.org‘] = {‘User‘:‘hg‘}

config[‘topsecret.server.com‘] = {‘Host Port‘:‘50022‘,‘ForwardX11‘:‘no‘}

with open(‘example.ini‘, ‘w‘) as configfile:

   config.write(configfile)

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()

#---------------------------查找文件内容,基于字典的形式

print(config.sections())        #  []

config.read(‘example.ini‘)

print(config.sections())        #   [‘bitbucket.org‘, ‘topsecret.server.com‘]

print(‘bytebong.com‘ in config) # False
print(‘bitbucket.org‘ in config) # True


print(config[‘bitbucket.org‘]["user"])  # hg

print(config[‘DEFAULT‘][‘Compression‘]) #yes

print(config[‘topsecret.server.com‘][‘ForwardX11‘])  #no


print(config[‘bitbucket.org‘])          #<Section: bitbucket.org>

for key in config[‘bitbucket.org‘]:     # 注意,有default会默认default的键
    print(key)

print(config.options(‘bitbucket.org‘))  # 同for循环,找到‘bitbucket.org‘下所有键

print(config.items(‘bitbucket.org‘))    #找到‘bitbucket.org‘下所有键值对

print(config.get(‘bitbucket.org‘,‘compression‘)) # yes       get方法Section下的key对应的value

logging.basicConfig()函数中可通过具体参数来更改logging模块默认行为，可用参数有：

filename：用指定的文件名创建FiledHandler，这样日志会被存储在指定的文件中。
filemode：文件打开方式，在指定了filename时使用这个参数，默认值为“a”还可指定为“w”。
format：指定handler使用的日志显示格式。
datefmt：指定日期时间格式。
level：设置rootlogger（后边会讲解具体概念）的日志级别
stream：用指定的stream创建StreamHandler。可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件(f=open(‘test.log’,’w’))，默认为sys.stderr。若同时列出了filename和stream两个参数，则stream参数会被忽略。

format参数中可能用到的格式化串：
%(name)s Logger的名字
%(levelno)s 数字形式的日志级别
%(levelname)s 文本形式的日志级别
%(pathname)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名，可能没有
%(filename)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名
%(module)s 调用日志输出函数的模块名
%(funcName)s 调用日志输出函数的函数名
%(lineno)d 调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行
%(created)f 当前时间，用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示
%(relativeCreated)d 输出日志信息时的，自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数
%(asctime)s 字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒
%(thread)d 线程ID。可能没有
%(threadName)s 线程名。可能没有
%(process)d 进程ID。可能没有
%(message)s用户输出的消息

参数详解

import logging

logger = logging.getLogger()
# 创建一个handler，用于写入日志文件
fh = logging.FileHandler(‘test.log‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) 

# 再创建一个handler，用于输出到控制台 
ch = logging.StreamHandler() 
formatter = logging.Formatter(‘%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s‘)
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

fh.setFormatter(formatter) 
ch.setFormatter(formatter) 
logger.addHandler(fh) #logger对象可以添加多个fh和ch对象 
logger.addHandler(ch) 

logger.debug(‘logger debug message‘) 
logger.info(‘logger info message‘) 
logger.warning(‘logger warning message‘) 
logger.error(‘logger error message‘) 
logger.critical(‘logger critical message‘)