Cobbler:是一个快速网络安装Linux的工具，使用简单的命令即可完成PXE网络安装环境的配置，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS，以及yum包镜像。Cobbler支持命令行管理，web界面管理
主要由Repository,Distribution,Profile:各部分组成分别是
Repository:mirror url
Distribution:kernek ,initrd
Profile:distribution,kickstart file ,repositories
实验内容：
1.1安装实验所需要的程序
[root@node1 ~]# yum install cobbler pykickstart debmirror
在安装cobbler时会自动安装httpd程序
1.2安装完成后启动
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd start
Starting httpd:
[root@node1 ~]# service cobblerd start
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
1.3检测cobbler存在哪些错误
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler check
1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 4 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 5 : comment ‘dists‘ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 6 : comment ‘arches‘ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new one 8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.
下来一个个排错
1，修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中的server参数值为提供cobbler服务的主机相应的IP地址或主机名和next_server参数的值为PXE服务的主机相应的IP地址
server=172.16.18.1
next_server=172.16.18.1
2，生成密码，替换默认密码
[root@node1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt $(openssl rand -hex 4)”
Password:
$1$d69ce09e$UNrtVcVkT.Rd5E6bSVxx8/
default_password_crypted: " $1$d69ce09e$UNrtVcVkT.Rd5E6bSVxx8/"
3，复制/usr/share/syslinux/*所有文件去/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/目录中
[root@node1 ~]# cp -r /usr/share/syslinux/* /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
4，注释/etc/debmirror.conf中的两个参数
#@dists="sid";
#@arches="i386";
5，安装相应的程序包
yum install cman fence-agents
6，chkconfig rsync on
7，[root@node1 ~]# service cobblerd start
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler sync
8，cobbler check 检测是否还有错误
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.
此错误可以忽略了，我们已经将所需要的文件都复制过去了。
此时环境就算配置好了
2.1下来需要配置pxe所需要的服务。DHCP TFTP RSYNC DNS,其中dhcp tftp rsync为必须
[root@node1 ~]# yum install dhcp
[root@node1 ~]# service dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
复制/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample到/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf覆盖原有文件，编辑
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name "aolens.com";
option domain-name-servers 172.16.18.1 ;
default-lease-time 10000;
max-lease-time 20000;
log-facility local7;
subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
range 172.16.18.100 172.16.18.110;
option routers 172.16.18.1;
}
next-server 172.16.18.1;
filename="pxelinux.0";
其他的全注释掉
[root@node1 ~]# service dhcpd restart
Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
2.2启动tftp服务器
[root@node1 ~]# chkconfig tftp on
[root@node1 ~]# service xinetd restart
3.1首先添加distro ,这一步是定义ramdisk和内核文件。我们直接导入完整的光盘镜像。
我们先将光盘镜像装载上，挂载于/mnt下
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
对光盘镜像进行导入
cobbler import --name=centos-6.5-x86_64 --path=/mnt
导入成功后查看
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler distro list
centos-6.5-x86_64
发现一个distro
3.2 提供一个kickstart文件
启动kickstart工具需要安装
yum install system-config-kickstart
然后运行system-config-kickstart
具体的操作过程去不做演示，将生成的kickstart文件放在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/下
要确保url --url="http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64/"指向正确的yum源，也就是导入的光盘文件
也可以直接复制系统中的/root/anaconda-ks.cfg 做修改使用。
下边提供一个kickstart文件供大家参考
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T firewall --disabled # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-x86_64/" # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$iRHppr42$VMesh73wBqhUTjKp6OYOD. # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install text firstboot --disable # System keyboard keyboard us # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai # System bootloader configuration part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200 part pv.008 --size=61440 logvol swap --name=swap --vgname=vg0 --size=2048 logvol /usr --fstype=ext4 --name=usr --vgname=vg0 --size=10240 logvol /var --fstype=ext4 --name=var --vgname=vg0 --size=20480 %post sed -i ‘1,$s@id:[0-9]:initdefault:@id:3:initdefault:@g‘ /etc/inittab [ ! -d /root/.ssh ] && mkdir /root/.ssh && chmod og=--- /root/.ssh cat >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys << EOF EOF # Enable funcd /sbin/chkconfig funcd off # Set the hostname # set puppet agent sed -i ‘/\[main\]/a server=server.magelinux.com‘ /etc/puppet/puppet.conf /sbin/chkconfig puppet off # set hosts echo ‘172.16.0.1 server.magelinux.com server‘ >> /etc/hosts %end %packages @base @basic-desktop @chinese-support @client-mgmt-tools @core @desktop-platform @fonts @general-desktop @graphical-admin-tools @legacy-x @network-file-system-client @perl-runtime @remote-desktop-clients @x11 func lftp ibus-table-cangjie ibus-table-erbi ibus-table-wubi puppet %end
3.2创建profile
profile来为cobbler提供所需要安装配置，即在distro的基础上通过提供kickstart文件来生成一个特定的系统安装配置。distro的profile可以出现在PXE的引导菜单中作为安装的选择之一。
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler profile add --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.x86_64.cfg
查看profile文件是否创建成功，每一个kickstart都可以创建一个profile来安装不同配置的程序
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler profile list
centos-6.5-x86-basic
centos-6.5-x86_64
[root@node1 ~]# cobbler sync 同步一下
4.1创建一个新的虚拟机
将接口都调为相同的定制端口
打开新建的虚拟机，就可以发现有两个选项，其中basic就是我们提供kickstart文件的，选定，就可以安装下去了。
5.1配置cobbler_web界面配置方式
首先需要安装cobbler_web
配置认证方式；
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
[authentication]
module = authn_pam #修改此一项即可
[root@node1 ~]# useradd cblradmin #创建用户
[root@node1 ~]# passwd cblradmin #创建密码
编辑用户配置文件，配置下边的项
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/users.conf
[admins]
admin = "cblradmin"
重启cobbler和httpd服务
[root@node1 ~]# service cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
访问cobbler_web页面，并登陆
本文出自 “aolens·程超” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://aolens.blog.51cto.com/7021142/1560769
原文地址：http://aolens.blog.51cto.com/7021142/1560769
