标签:poc 自定义函数 res seve 系统 err clu round input
Bottle是一个快速、简洁、轻量级的基于WSIG的微型Web框架,此框架只由一个 .py 文件,除了Python的标准库外,其不依赖任何其他模块。
1 pip install bottle
2 easy_install bottle
3 apt-get install python-bottle
4 wget http://bottlepy.org/bottle.py
Bottle框架大致可以分为以下部分:
1 server_names = {
2 ‘cgi‘: CGIServer,
3 ‘flup‘: FlupFCGIServer,
4 ‘wsgiref‘: WSGIRefServer,
5 ‘waitress‘: WaitressServer,
6 ‘cherrypy‘: CherryPyServer,
7 ‘paste‘: PasteServer,
8 ‘fapws3‘: FapwsServer,
9 ‘tornado‘: TornadoServer,
10 ‘gae‘: AppEngineServer,
11 ‘twisted‘: TwistedServer,
12 ‘diesel‘: DieselServer,
13 ‘meinheld‘: MeinheldServer,
14 ‘gunicorn‘: GunicornServer,
15 ‘eventlet‘: EventletServer,
16 ‘gevent‘: GeventServer,
17 ‘geventSocketIO‘:GeventSocketIOServer,
18 ‘rocket‘: RocketServer,
19 ‘bjoern‘ : BjoernServer,
20 ‘auto‘: AutoServer,
21 }
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 from bottle import template, Bottle
4 root = Bottle()
5
6 @root.route(‘/hello/‘)
7 def index():
8 return "Hello World"
9 # return template(‘<b>Hello {{name}}</b>!‘, name="Alex")
10
11 root.run(host=‘localhost‘, port=8080)
路由系统是的url对应指定函数,当用户请求某个url时,就由指定函数处理当前请求,对于Bottle的路由系统可以分为一下几类:
1、静态路由
1 @root.route(‘/hello/‘)
2 def index():
3 return template(‘<b>Hello {{name}}</b>!‘, name="Alex")
2、动态路由
1 @root.route(‘/wiki/<pagename>‘)
2 def callback(pagename):
3 ...
4
5 @root.route(‘/object/<id:int>‘)
6 def callback(id):
7 ...
8
9 @root.route(‘/show/<name:re:[a-z]+>‘)
10 def callback(name):
11 ...
12
13 @root.route(‘/static/<path:path>‘)
14 def callback(path):
15 return static_file(path, root=‘static‘)
3、请求方法路由
1 @root.route(‘/hello/‘, method=‘POST‘)
2 def index():
3 ...
4
5 @root.get(‘/hello/‘)
6 def index():
7 ...
8
9 @root.post(‘/hello/‘)
10 def index():
11 ...
12
13 @root.put(‘/hello/‘)
14 def index():
15 ...
16
17 @root.delete(‘/hello/‘)
18 def index():
19 ...
4、二级路由
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 from bottle import template, Bottle
4
5 app01 = Bottle()
6
7 @app01.route(‘/hello/‘, method=‘GET‘)
8 def index():
9 return template(‘<b>App01</b>!‘)
10
11 app01.py
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 from bottle import template, Bottle
4
5 app02 = Bottle()
6
7
8 @app02.route(‘/hello/‘, method=‘GET‘)
9 def index():
10 return template(‘<b>App02</b>!‘)
11
12 app02.py
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 from bottle import template, Bottle
4 from bottle import static_file
5 root = Bottle()
6
7 @root.route(‘/hello/‘)
8 def index():
9 return template(‘<b>Root {{name}}</b>!‘, name="Alex")
10
11 from framwork_bottle import app01
12 from framwork_bottle import app02
13
14 root.mount(‘app01‘, app01.app01)
15 root.mount(‘app02‘, app02.app02)
16
17 root.run(host=‘localhost‘, port=8080)
模板系统用于将Html和自定的值两者进行渲染,从而得到字符串,然后将该字符串返回给客户端。我们知道在Bottle中可以使用 内置模板系统、mako、jinja2、cheetah等,以内置模板系统为例:
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <h1>{{name}}</h1>
9 </body>
10 </html>
11
12 hello_template.html
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 from bottle import template, Bottle
4 root = Bottle()
5
6 @root.route(‘/hello/‘)
7 def index():
8 # 默认情况下去目录:[‘./‘, ‘./views/‘]中寻找模板文件 hello_template.html
9 # 配置在 bottle.TEMPLATE_PATH 中
10 return template(‘hello_template.html‘, name=‘alex‘)
11
12 root.run(host=‘localhost‘, port=8080)
1、语法
1 <h1>1、单值</h1>
2 {{name}}
3
4 <h1>2、单行Python代码</h1>
5 % s1 = "hello"
6
7
8 <h1>3、Python代码块</h1>
9 <%
10 # A block of python code
11 name = name.title().strip()
12 if name == "Alex":
13 name="seven"
14 %>
15
16
17 <h1>4、Python、Html混合</h1>
18
19 % if True:
20 <span>{{name}}</span>
21 % end
22 <ul>
23 % for item in name:
24 <li>{{item}}</li>
25 % end
26 </ul>
2、函数
include(sub_template, **variables)
1 # 导入其他模板文件
2
3 % include(‘header.tpl‘, title=‘Page Title‘)
4 Page Content
5 % include(‘footer.tpl‘)
rebase(name, **variables)
1 <html>
2 <head>
3 <title>{{title or ‘No title‘}}</title>
4 </head>
5 <body>
6 {{!base}}
7 </body>
8 </html>
9
10 base.html
1 # 导入母版
2
3 % rebase(‘base.html‘, title=‘Page Title‘)
4 <p>Page Content ...</p>
defined(name)
1 # 检查当前变量是否已经被定义,已定义True,未定义False
get(name, default=None)
1 # 获取某个变量的值,不存在时可设置默认值
setdefault(name, default)
1 # 如果变量不存在时,为变量设置默认值
扩展:自定义函数
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html>
3 <head lang="en">
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title></title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <h1>自定义函数</h1>
9 {{ wupeiqi() }}
10
11 </body>
12 </html>
13
14 hello_template.html
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 from bottle import template, Bottle,SimpleTemplate
4 root = Bottle()
5
6
7 def custom():
8 return ‘123123‘
9
10
11 @root.route(‘/hello/‘)
12 def index():
13 # 默认情况下去目录:[‘./‘, ‘./views/‘]中寻找模板文件 hello_template.html
14 # 配置在 bottle.TEMPLATE_PATH 中
15 return template(‘hello_template.html‘, name=‘alex‘, wupeiqi=custom)
16
17 root.run(host=‘localhost‘, port=8080)
18
19 main.py
注:变量或函数前添加 【 ! 】,则会关闭转义的功能
由于Web框架就是用来【接收用户请求】-> 【处理用户请求】-> 【响应相关内容】,对于具体如何处理用户请求,开发人员根据用户请求来进行处理,而对于接收用户请求和相应相关的内容均交给框架本身来处理,其处理完成之后将产出交给开发人员和用户。
【接收用户请求】
当框架接收到用户请求之后,将请求信息封装在Bottle的request中,以供开发人员使用
【响应相关内容】
当开发人员的代码处理完用户请求之后,会将其执行内容相应给用户,相应的内容会封装在Bottle的response中,然后再由框架将内容返回给用户
所以,公共组件本质其实就是为开发人员提供接口,使其能够获取用户信息并配置响应内容。
1、request
Bottle中的request其实是一个LocalReqeust对象,其中封装了用户请求的相关信息:
1 request.headers
2 请求头信息
3
4 request.query
5 get请求信息
6
7 request.forms
8 post请求信息
9
10 request.files
11 上传文件信息
12
13 request.params
14 get和post请求信息
15
16 request.GET
17 get请求信息
18
19 request.POST
20 post和上传信息
21
22 request.cookies
23 cookie信息
24
25 request.environ
26 环境相关相关
2、response
Bottle中的response其实是一个LocalResponse对象,其中框架即将返回给用户的相关信息:
1 response
2 response.status_line
3 状态行
4
5 response.status_code
6 状态码
7
8 response.headers
9 响应头
10
11 response.charset
12 编码
13
14 response.set_cookie
15 在浏览器上设置cookie
16
17 response.delete_cookie
18 在浏览器上删除cookie
实例:
1 from bottle import route, request
2
3 @route(‘/login‘)
4 def login():
5 return ‘‘‘
6 <form action="/login" method="post">
7 Username: <input name="username" type="text" />
8 Password: <input name="password" type="password" />
9 <input value="Login" type="submit" />
10 </form>
11 ‘‘‘
12
13 @route(‘/login‘, method=‘POST‘)
14 def do_login():
15 username = request.forms.get(‘username‘)
16 password = request.forms.get(‘password‘)
17 if check_login(username, password):
18 return "<p>Your login information was correct.</p>"
19 else:
20 return "<p>Login failed.</p>"
21
22 基本Form请求
1 <form action="/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
2 Category: <input type="text" name="category" />
3 Select a file: <input type="file" name="upload" />
4 <input type="submit" value="Start upload" />
5 </form>
6
7
8 @route(‘/upload‘, method=‘POST‘)
9 def do_upload():
10 category = request.forms.get(‘category‘)
11 upload = request.files.get(‘upload‘)
12 name, ext = os.path.splitext(upload.filename)
13 if ext not in (‘.png‘,‘.jpg‘,‘.jpeg‘):
14 return ‘File extension not allowed.‘
15
16 save_path = get_save_path_for_category(category)
17 upload.save(save_path) # appends upload.filename automatically
18 return ‘OK‘
19
20 上传文件
对于Bottle框架其本身未实现类似于Tornado自己基于socket实现Web服务,所以必须依赖WSGI,默认Bottle已经实现并且支持的WSGI有:
1 server_names = {
2 ‘cgi‘: CGIServer,
3 ‘flup‘: FlupFCGIServer,
4 ‘wsgiref‘: WSGIRefServer,
5 ‘waitress‘: WaitressServer,
6 ‘cherrypy‘: CherryPyServer,
7 ‘paste‘: PasteServer,
8 ‘fapws3‘: FapwsServer,
9 ‘tornado‘: TornadoServer,
10 ‘gae‘: AppEngineServer,
11 ‘twisted‘: TwistedServer,
12 ‘diesel‘: DieselServer,
13 ‘meinheld‘: MeinheldServer,
14 ‘gunicorn‘: GunicornServer,
15 ‘eventlet‘: EventletServer,
16 ‘gevent‘: GeventServer,
17 ‘geventSocketIO‘:GeventSocketIOServer,
18 ‘rocket‘: RocketServer,
19 ‘bjoern‘ : BjoernServer,
20 ‘auto‘: AutoServer,
21 }
22
23 WSGI
使用时,只需在主app执行run方法时指定参数即可:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 from bottle import Bottle
4 root = Bottle()
5
6 @root.route(‘/hello/‘)
7 def index():
8 return "Hello World"
9 # 默认server =‘wsgiref‘
10 root.run(host=‘localhost‘, port=8080, server=‘wsgiref‘)
默认server="wsgiref",即:使用Python内置模块wsgiref,如果想要使用其他时,则需要首先安装相关类库,然后才能使用。如:
1 # 如果使用Tornado的服务,则需要首先安装tornado才能使用
2
3 class TornadoServer(ServerAdapter):
4 """ The super hyped asynchronous server by facebook. Untested. """
5 def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover
6 # 导入Tornado相关模块
7 import tornado.wsgi, tornado.httpserver, tornado.ioloop
8 container = tornado.wsgi.WSGIContainer(handler)
9 server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(container)
10 server.listen(port=self.port,address=self.host)
11 tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
12
13 bottle.py源码
PS:以上WSGI中提供了19种,如果想要使期支持其他服务,则需要扩展Bottle源码来自定义一个ServerAdapter
更多参见:http://www.bottlepy.org/docs/dev/index.html
标签:poc 自定义函数 res seve 系统 err clu round input
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/horror/p/9494413.html