标签:初始 The you png 情况 rup 使用 还需 ports
断路器本身是电路上的一种过载保护装置,当线路中有电器发生短路时,它能够及时的切断故障电路以防止严重后果发生。通过服务熔断(也可以称为断路)、降级、限流(隔离)、异步RPC等手段控制依赖服务的延迟与失败,防止整个服务雪崩。一个断路器可以装饰并且检测了一个受保护的功能调用。根据当前的状态决定调用时被执行还是回退。通常情况下,一个断路器实现三种类型的状态:open、half-open以及closed:
断路器背后的基本思想非常简单。将受保护的函数调用包装在断路器对象中,该对象监视故障。一旦故障达到某个阈值,断路器就会跳闸,并且所有对断路器的进一步调用都会返回错误,而根本不会进行受保护的呼叫。通常,如果断路器跳闸,您还需要某种监控器警报。
如何快速使用Hystrix呢?下面跟着我1234……
1、加入@EnableCircuitBreaker注解
@EnableCircuitBreaker @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClientspublic class DroolsAppApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DroolsAppApplication.class, args); } }
Hystrix整体执行过程,首先,Command会调用run方法,如果run方法超时或者抛出异常,且启用了降级处理,则调用getFallback方法进行降级;
2、使用@HystrixCommand注解
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "reliable") public String readingList() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return "jinpingmei"; } public String reliable() { return "you love interesting book"; }
3、添加引用
compile("org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix")
compile(‘org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-turbine‘)
4、设置超时时间
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=5000
执行结果如下:
正常应该返回:
你不要喜欢jinpingmei,要喜欢有意思的书;这样使用好舒服啊,@EnableCircuitBreaker这个注解就这么强大吗?
HystrixCommandAspect 通过AOP拦截所有的@HystrixCommand注解的方法,从而使得@HystrixCommand能够集成到Spring boot中,
HystrixCommandAspect的关键代码如下:
1.方法 hystrixCommandAnnotationPointcut() 定义拦截注解HystrixCommand
2.方法 hystrixCollapserAnnotationPointcut()定义拦截注解HystrixCollapser
3.方法methodsAnnotatedWithHystrixCommand(…)通过@Around(…)拦截所有HystrixCommand和HystrixCollapser注解的方法。详细见方法注解
@Aspect
public class HystrixCommandAspect {
private static final Map<HystrixPointcutType, MetaHolderFactory> META_HOLDER_FACTORY_MAP;
static {
META_HOLDER_FACTORY_MAP = ImmutableMap.<HystrixPointcutType, MetaHolderFactory>builder()
.put(HystrixPointcutType.COMMAND, new CommandMetaHolderFactory())
.put(HystrixPointcutType.COLLAPSER, new CollapserMetaHolderFactory())
.build();
}
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand)")
public void hystrixCommandAnnotationPointcut() {
}
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCollapser)")
public void hystrixCollapserAnnotationPointcut() {
}
@Around("hystrixCommandAnnotationPointcut() || hystrixCollapserAnnotationPointcut()")
public Object methodsAnnotatedWithHystrixCommand(final ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
Method method = getMethodFromTarget(joinPoint);
Validate.notNull(method, "failed to get method from joinPoint: %s", joinPoint);
if (method.isAnnotationPresent(HystrixCommand.class) && method.isAnnotationPresent(HystrixCollapser.class)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("method cannot be annotated with HystrixCommand and HystrixCollapser " +
"annotations at the same time");
}
MetaHolderFactory metaHolderFactory = META_HOLDER_FACTORY_MAP.get(HystrixPointcutType.of(method));
MetaHolder metaHolder = metaHolderFactory.create(joinPoint);
HystrixInvokable invokable = HystrixCommandFactory.getInstance().create(metaHolder);
ExecutionType executionType = metaHolder.isCollapserAnnotationPresent() ?
metaHolder.getCollapserExecutionType() : metaHolder.getExecutionType();
Object result;
try {
result = CommandExecutor.execute(invokable, executionType, metaHolder);
} catch (HystrixBadRequestException e) {
throw e.getCause();
}
return result;
}
那么HystrixCommandAspect是如何初始化,是通过HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration实现的
@Configuration public class HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration { @Bean public HystrixCommandAspect hystrixCommandAspect() { return new HystrixCommandAspect(); }
那么谁来触发HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration执行初始化
先看spring-cloud-netflix-core**.jar包的spring.factories里有这段配置,是由注解EnableCircuitBreaker触发
org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker=org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration
那么@EnableCircuitBreaker如何触发HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration
通过源码查看,此类通过@Import初始化EnableCircuitBreakerImportSelector类
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @Import(EnableCircuitBreakerImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableCircuitBreaker { }
EnableCircuitBreakerImportSelector是SpringFactoryImportSelector子类。此类在初始化后,会执行selectImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata)的方法。此方法会根据注解启动的注解(这里指@EnableCircuitBreaker)从spring.factories文件中获取其配置需要初始化@Configuration类(这里是org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration),从而最终初始化HystrixCommandAspect 类,从而实现拦截HystrixCommand的功能
以上就是通过@EnableCircuitBreake可以开启Hystrix的原理。Hystrix用到了观察者模式AbstractCommand.executeCommandAndObserve()模式,下次我们来深入说一下观察者模式。欢迎拍砖!
标签:初始 The you png 情况 rup 使用 还需 ports
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/viaiu/p/9534153.html