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DBA:MySQL内置数据库说明和管理

时间:2018-08-26 23:43:00      阅读:240      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:subject   action   添加   ase   sed   oca   通过   wait   stat   

环境:源码安装MySQL

一、检查数据库服务状态

[root@mysql-linuxview ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep mysqld
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      13347/mysqld        
[root@mysql-linuxview ~]# ps -ef |grep mysqld
root      12829      1  0 12:35 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/var/web1.pid
mysql     13347  12829  0 12:35 pts/0    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/var/web1.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/var/web1.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      13922  13892  0 13:42 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
[root@mysql-linuxview ~]#

二、使用mysqld_safe启动

[root@mysql-linuxview ~]# /usr/bin/mysqld_safe  &        #  ‘&代表后台运行‘
[1] 13926

三、关闭mysql服务

[root@mysql-linuxview ~]# /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p shutdown
Enter password:                                #输入密码,输入时是看不见的

四、用户设置

说明:数据库用户和服务器数据库用户

数据库用户:在数据库里创建的角色,在数据库里具有一定的权限,但在服务器里是不存在数据库里创建的用户角色。
服务器数据库用户:在服务器存在的用户,负责运行mysql服务,并具有权限处理与数据库相关的管理。mysql用户依然是服务器里的普通用户。在命令行输入 id mysql,用户ID是大于500的。

4.1添加用户,并查询权限

[root@mysql-linuxview ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> grant select on *.* to test01@‘%‘ identified by ‘test01‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host,user from user where user=‘test01‘;
+------+--------+
| host | user   |
+------+--------+
| %    | test01 |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

4.2查看用户的所有信息(N代表no,Y代表yes)

mysql> use mysql;                                                        #选择mysql数据库
Database changed
mysql> select * from user where user =‘test01‘ \G;      #添加 \G是整洁输出结果
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                  Host: %
                  User: test01
           Select_priv: Y
           Insert_priv: N
           Update_priv: N
           Delete_priv: N
           Create_priv: N
             Drop_priv: N
           Reload_priv: N
         Shutdown_priv: N
          Process_priv: N
             File_priv: N
            Grant_priv: N
       References_priv: N
            Index_priv: N
            Alter_priv: N
          Show_db_priv: N
            Super_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
      Lock_tables_priv: N
          Execute_priv: N
       Repl_slave_priv: N
      Repl_client_priv: N
      Create_view_priv: N
        Show_view_priv: N
   Create_routine_priv: N
    Alter_routine_priv: N
      Create_user_priv: N
            Event_priv: N
          Trigger_priv: N
Create_tablespace_priv: N
              ssl_type:
            ssl_cipher:
           x509_issuer:
          x509_subject:
         max_questions: 0
           max_updates: 0
       max_connections: 0
  max_user_connections: 0
                plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *7E6A44E6DA0D9BC6621E07B51A3B2DADADE488EB
      password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2018-07-13 14:16:42
     password_lifetime: NULL
        account_locked: N
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

mysql>

用户权限列表;
Select_priv: Y #查看权限 (只读)
Insert_priv: N #插入权限
Update_priv: N #更新权限
Delete_priv: N #删除数据权限
Create_priv: N #创建权限
Drop_priv: N #删除库权限
Reload_priv: N #重加载服务权限(执行)
Shutdown_priv: N #关闭服务权限 (执行)
Process_priv: N #进程权限
File_priv: N #文件目录加载权限
Grant_priv: N #赋予权限的权限(一般只有root用户有)
References_priv: N #占位符功能
Index_priv: N #索引权限
Alter_priv: N #修改表结构权限
Show_db_priv: N #查看数据库权限
Super_priv: N #管理权限
Create_tmp_table_priv: N #创建临时表权限
Lock_tables_priv: N #表的加解锁权限
Execute_priv: N #执行存储权限
Repl_slave_priv: N #维护复制数据库环境的二进制日志文件权限
Repl_client_priv: N #确认主从复制权限
Create_view_priv: N #创建视图权限
Show_view_priv: N #查看视图权限
Create_routine_priv: N #更改或放弃存储过程和函数
Alter_routine_priv: N #修改或者删除存储函数及函数
Create_user_priv: N #创建用户权限
Event_priv: N #创建、修改和删除事件权限
Trigger_priv: N #创建和删除触发器
Create_tablespace_priv: N #创建表空间权限

4.3初始数据库解释

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

一般安装完之后登陆数据库5.7,初始的数据库就有information_schema,mysql,performance_schema,sys这四个,下面解释一下这些数据库的用途:

information_schema :查看数据库里的数据表

mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_information_schema          |
+---------------------------------------+
| CHARACTER_SETS                        |
| COLLATIONS                            |
| COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY |
| COLUMNS                               |
| COLUMN_PRIVILEGES                     |
| ENGINES                               |
| EVENTS                                |
| FILES                                 |
| GLOBAL_STATUS                         |
| GLOBAL_VARIABLES                      |
| KEY_COLUMN_USAGE                      |
| OPTIMIZER_TRACE                       |
| PARAMETERS                            |
| PARTITIONS                            |
| PLUGINS                               |
| PROCESSLIST                           |
| PROFILING                             |
| REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS               |
| ROUTINES                              |
| SCHEMATA                              |
| SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES                     |
| SESSION_STATUS                        |
| SESSION_VARIABLES                     |
| STATISTICS                            |
| TABLES                                |
| TABLESPACES                           |
| TABLE_CONSTRAINTS                     |
| TABLE_PRIVILEGES                      |
| TRIGGERS                              |
| USER_PRIVILEGES                       |
| VIEWS                                 |
| INNODB_LOCKS                          |
| INNODB_TRX                            |
| INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES                  |
| INNODB_FT_CONFIG                      |
| INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL                    |
| INNODB_CMP                            |
| INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED               |
| INNODB_CMP_RESET                      |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX                  |
| INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET                   |
| INNODB_FT_DELETED                     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU                |
| INNODB_LOCK_WAITS                     |
| INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO                |
| INNODB_SYS_INDEXES                    |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLES                     |
| INNODB_SYS_FIELDS                     |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET            |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE                    |
| INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD            |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE                 |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE                 |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES                |
| INNODB_METRICS                        |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS               |
| INNODB_CMPMEM                         |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS              |
| INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS                    |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN                    |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS                 |
+---------------------------------------+
61 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

*informationschema:提供访问数据库元数据的方式,同时也是一个信息数据库,保存着关于MySQL服务器所维护的所有其他数据库信息,在数据库中有多个只读表,称之为视图,因为这些只读表不是基本表,所以将无法了解与之相关的任何文件。但MySQL用户都有权访问这些表,也仅限于在表中的特定行,所以只是拥有合适的访问权限。

元数据:是关于数据的数据,如数据库名或表名,列的数据类型,或访问权限等。有些时候用于表述该信息的其他术语包括“数据词典”和“系统目录”。*

mysql:查看数据库表

mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql: 核心数据库,类似于sql server中的master表,主要负责存储数据库的用户、权限设置、关键字等mysql自己需要使用的控制和管理信息。不可以删除,如果对mysql不是很了解,也不要轻易修改这个数据库里面的表信息。

performance_schema :查看数据库表

mysql> show tables;
+------------------------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_performance_schema                         |
+------------------------------------------------------+
| accounts                                             |
| cond_instances                                       |
| events_stages_current                                |
| events_stages_history                                |
| events_stages_history_long                           |
| events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name       |
| events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name          |
| events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name        |
| events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name          |
| events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name           |
| events_statements_current                            |
| events_statements_history                            |
| events_statements_history_long                       |
| events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name   |
| events_statements_summary_by_digest                  |
| events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name      |
| events_statements_summary_by_program                 |
| events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name    |
| events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name      |
| events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name       |
| events_transactions_current                          |
| events_transactions_history                          |
| events_transactions_history_long                     |
| events_transactions_summary_by_account_by_event_name |
| events_transactions_summary_by_host_by_event_name    |
| events_transactions_summary_by_thread_by_event_name  |
| events_transactions_summary_by_user_by_event_name    |
| events_transactions_summary_global_by_event_name     |
| events_waits_current                                 |
| events_waits_history                                 |
| events_waits_history_long                            |
| events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name        |
| events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name           |
| events_waits_summary_by_instance                     |
| events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name         |
| events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name           |
| events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name            |
| file_instances                                       |
| file_summary_by_event_name                           |
| file_summary_by_instance                             |
| global_status                                        |
| global_variables                                     |
| host_cache                                           |
| hosts                                                |
| memory_summary_by_account_by_event_name              |
| memory_summary_by_host_by_event_name                 |
| memory_summary_by_thread_by_event_name               |
| memory_summary_by_user_by_event_name                 |
| memory_summary_global_by_event_name                  |
| metadata_locks                                       |
| mutex_instances                                      |
| objects_summary_global_by_type                       |
| performance_timers                                   |
| prepared_statements_instances                        |
| replication_applier_configuration                    |
| replication_applier_status                           |
| replication_applier_status_by_coordinator            |
| replication_applier_status_by_worker                 |
| replication_connection_configuration                 |
| replication_connection_status                        |
| replication_group_member_stats                       |
| replication_group_members                            |
| rwlock_instances                                     |
| session_account_connect_attrs                        |
| session_connect_attrs                                |
| session_status                                       |
| session_variables                                    |
| setup_actors                                         |
| setup_consumers                                      |
| setup_instruments                                    |
| setup_objects                                        |
| setup_timers                                         |
| socket_instances                                     |
| socket_summary_by_event_name                         |
| socket_summary_by_instance                           |
| status_by_account                                    |
| status_by_host                                       |
| status_by_thread                                     |
| status_by_user                                       |
| table_handles                                        |
| table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage                |
| table_io_waits_summary_by_table                      |
| table_lock_waits_summary_by_table                    |
| threads                                              |
| user_variables_by_thread                             |
| users                                                |
| variables_by_thread                                  |
+------------------------------------------------------+
87 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

performanceschema:MySQL 5.5新增一个存储引擎并命名PERFORMANCESCHEMA ,主要用于收集数据库服务器性能参数

sys :查看数据库的表

mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_sys                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| host_summary                                  |
| host_summary_by_file_io                       |
| host_summary_by_file_io_type                  |
| host_summary_by_stages                        |
| host_summary_by_statement_latency             |
| host_summary_by_statement_type                |
| innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema                 |
| innodb_buffer_stats_by_table                  |
| innodb_lock_waits                             |
| io_by_thread_by_latency                       |
| io_global_by_file_by_bytes                    |
| io_global_by_file_by_latency                  |
| io_global_by_wait_by_bytes                    |
| io_global_by_wait_by_latency                  |
| latest_file_io                                |
| memory_by_host_by_current_bytes               |
| memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes             |
| memory_by_user_by_current_bytes               |
| memory_global_by_current_bytes                |
| memory_global_total                           |
| metrics                                       |
| processlist                                   |
| ps_check_lost_instrumentation                 |
| schema_auto_increment_columns                 |
| schema_index_statistics                       |
| schema_object_overview                        |
| schema_redundant_indexes                      |
| schema_table_lock_waits                       |
| schema_table_statistics                       |
| schema_table_statistics_with_buffer           |
| schema_tables_with_full_table_scans           |
| schema_unused_indexes                         |
| session                                       |
| session_ssl_status                            |
| statement_analysis                            |
| statements_with_errors_or_warnings            |
| statements_with_full_table_scans              |
| statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile   |
| statements_with_sorting                       |
| statements_with_temp_tables                   |
| sys_config                                    |
| user_summary                                  |
| user_summary_by_file_io                       |
| user_summary_by_file_io_type                  |
| user_summary_by_stages                        |
| user_summary_by_statement_latency             |
| user_summary_by_statement_type                |
| version                                       |
| wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency            |
| wait_classes_global_by_latency                |
| waits_by_host_by_latency                      |
| waits_by_user_by_latency                      |
| waits_global_by_latency                       |
| x$host_summary                                |
| x$host_summary_by_file_io                     |
| x$host_summary_by_file_io_type                |
| x$host_summary_by_stages                      |
| x$host_summary_by_statement_latency           |
| x$host_summary_by_statement_type              |
| x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema               |
| x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_table                |
| x$innodb_lock_waits                           |
| x$io_by_thread_by_latency                     |
| x$io_global_by_file_by_bytes                  |
| x$io_global_by_file_by_latency                |
| x$io_global_by_wait_by_bytes                  |
| x$io_global_by_wait_by_latency                |
| x$latest_file_io                              |
| x$memory_by_host_by_current_bytes             |
| x$memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes           |
| x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes             |
| x$memory_global_by_current_bytes              |
| x$memory_global_total                         |
| x$processlist                                 |
| x$ps_digest_95th_percentile_by_avg_us         |
| x$ps_digest_avg_latency_distribution          |
| x$ps_schema_table_statistics_io               |
| x$schema_flattened_keys                       |
| x$schema_index_statistics                     |
| x$schema_table_lock_waits                     |
| x$schema_table_statistics                     |
| x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer         |
| x$schema_tables_with_full_table_scans         |
| x$session                                     |
| x$statement_analysis                          |
| x$statements_with_errors_or_warnings          |
| x$statements_with_full_table_scans            |
| x$statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile |
| x$statements_with_sorting                     |
| x$statements_with_temp_tables                 |
| x$user_summary                                |
| x$user_summary_by_file_io                     |
| x$user_summary_by_file_io_type                |
| x$user_summary_by_stages                      |
| x$user_summary_by_statement_latency           |
| x$user_summary_by_statement_type              |
| x$wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency          |
| x$wait_classes_global_by_latency              |
| x$waits_by_host_by_latency                    |
| x$waits_by_user_by_latency                    |
| x$waits_global_by_latency                     |
+-----------------------------------------------+
101 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

sys:mysql5.7增加了sys 系统数据库,通过sys库可以快速的了解系统的元数据信息,方便DBA发现数据库的信息,解决性能瓶颈。

DBA:MySQL内置数据库说明和管理

标签:subject   action   添加   ase   sed   oca   通过   wait   stat   

原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/leoheng/2164641

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