标签:企业 creat 操作记录 column sha can nlog blog 修改
1.主从简介主库将所有写的操作记录到binlog日志(二进制日志)中并生成一个log dump线程,将binlog日志传给从库的I/O线程
从库生成两个线程,一个I/O线程,一个SQL线程
·I/O线程去请求主库的binlog,并将得到的binlog日志写到relay log(中继日志)文件中
·SQl线程,会读取relay log 文件中的日志,并解析成具体操作,来实现主从的操作一致,达到最终数据一致的目的
主从复制配置步骤:
1.确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样
2.在主数据库创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
3.配置主数据库(修改配置文件)
4.配置从数据库(修改配置文件)
配置需求:
环境介绍:搭建两台mysql服务器,一台作为主服务器,一台作为从服务器,主服务器进行写操作,从服务器进行读操作
配置信息
主数据库 ip192.168.56.11 centos7 有数据
从数据库 ip192.168.56.138 centos7 无数据
主从同步设置
防火墙设置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri ‘s/(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g‘ /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
下载二进制格式的mysql包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug kernels mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
创建主和组
[root@localhost src]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 9月 7 11:43 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
//添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[root@localhost local]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost local]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost local]# ll /opt/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 9月 7 11:47 data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 26 2015 rh
//初始化数据库
[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2018-09-07T03:48:13.790964Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: n*Fsa&a+O1kN /最后会生成一个临时密码
//从:数据库初始化,前面步骤一样,所以省略
[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2018-09-07T06:25:11.123940Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QR(XhNPpk6Qi
//生成配置文件/
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri ‘s#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri ‘s#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld
//启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
//修改密码
//使用临时密码登陆
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql>
//设置新密码
mysql> set password = password(‘guohui123‘);
以上是两台数据库服务器的配置,配置方式相同
主://查看主从库的备份
[root@localhost local]# mysql -uroot -pguohui123 -e ‘show databases;‘
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
创建一个库,表
mysql> use guohui
Database changed
mysql> create table student (id int(11) NOT NULL,name varchar(100) NOT NULL,age TINYINT(3));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into student (id,name,age) value (1,‘tom‘,20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> desc student;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(3) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+------+------+
| 1 | tom | 20 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| guohui |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主://全备份主库
全备主库时需要另外开一个终端,给数据加上读锁,避免在备份期间有其他人在写入数据导致数据不一致,并且锁必须在备份完成后才能退出,退出则解锁
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
主://备份主库并将文件传输到从库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pguohui123 --all-databases > /opt/all-20180907-1.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt
all-20180907-1.sql data rh//传输
[root@localhost ~]# scp /opt/all-20180907-1.sql root@192.168.56.138:/opt/
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.56.138 (192.168.56.138)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:by
E1DjsPUpqjJssSP+RcbkM7+wcjdzMkjW3u09KrSB8.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:c6:d2:a1:34:73:2f:66:c9:ac:db:ca:2b:7a:78:4f:75.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.56.138‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.56.138‘s password:1 //这里输入root密码
all-20180907-1.sql 100% 783KB 19.2MB/s 00:00
主://接触锁表状态
mysql> quit
Bye
从://在从库上恢复主库的备份并查看有哪些库,确保与主库一致
//查看主备传过来的文件
[root@localhost ~]# ls /opt
all-20180907-1.sql data rh
将文件导入从数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pguohui123 < /opt/all-20180907-1.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
//查看数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pguohui123 -e ‘show databases;‘
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| guohui |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
主://在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
创建数据库用户guohui,密码:guohui123,只能在192.168.56.138上远程登陆
mysql> CREATE USER ‘guohui‘@‘192.168.56.138‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘guohui123‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
赋予权限用户guohui,可以在192.168.56.138上访问本机所有数据库的所有表,无需密码:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘guohui‘@‘192.168.56.138‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
重新加载特权:
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
主://配置主数据库
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
log-error = /opt/data/mysqld.log //错误日志
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
#
log-bin = mysql_bin //启动binlog日志
server-id = 2 //数据库服务器唯一标识符,主库的server-id值必须比从库的大
启动
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/opt/data/mysqld.log‘.
. SUCCESS!
查看主库状态:
mysql> show master status;
mysql_bin,文件里写的二进制文件名字
000001 版本
Position 位置 154
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 | 154 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
从://配置从数据库
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/
mysqldatadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
log-error = /opt/data/mysql.log
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
#replication
server-id = 5 //设置从库的唯一标识符,从库的server-id值必须小于主库的该值
relay-log = mysql_relay_log //启动中继日志relay-log启动
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/opt/data/mysql.log‘.
SUCCESS!
从://配置并启动主从复制
CHANGE MASTER TO 指定的主服务器
MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.56.11‘, 指定的主服务器ip
MASTER_USER=‘guohui‘,
MASTER_PASSWORD=‘guohui123‘, 密码
MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000001‘, 二进制文件的名字与版本
MASTER_LOG_POS=154; 位置 154
mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.56.11‘,master_user=‘guohui‘,master_password=‘guohui123‘,master_log_file=‘mysql_bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
启动从服务的从服务
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
从://查看从服务器状态
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.56.11
Master_User: guohui
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: mysql_relay_log.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //必须yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //必须yes
mysql>
测试:
主://在数据库中插入数据
mysql> select * from student;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+------+------+
| 1 | tom | 20 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into student value (1,‘jerry‘,23);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+-------+------+
| 1 | tom | 20 |
| 1 | jerry | 23 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
从://查看测试结果
mysql> use guohui;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+-------+------+
| 1 | tom | 20 |
| 1 | jerry | 23 |
+----+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
由此可见,数据库的主从功能,搭建成功
LINUX——关于mysql中较详细的,数据库的主从配置,自动备份以及读写分离的使用
标签:企业 creat 操作记录 column sha can nlog blog 修改
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/13859004/2171818