标签：highlight cas ndt pre end ignore 说明 格式化 二进制
1. 数字
byte
在python3中最重要的特性是对文本和二进制数据做了更加清晰的区分，python3不会以任意隐式方式混用字节型和字符型，也因此在python3中不能拼接字符串和字节包（python2中可以，会自动进行转换），也不能在字节包中搜索字符串，也不能将字符串传入参数为字节包的函数。
需要注意的是，在网络数据传输过程中，python2可以通过字符串(string)方式传输，但是python3只能通过二进制(bytes)方式来传输，因此要对传输文本进行转换。
String与bytes转换：
sng = "人生苦短"
b_sng = sng.encode(encoding=‘utf-8‘)
print("byte:",b_sng)
s_sng = b_sng.decode(encoding="utf-8")
print("str:",s_sng)
#string类型---->byte类型 --encode
#byte类型 ----->string类型 --decode
#encode()和decode()方法中默认了编码为utf-8，建议将编码加上。
‘‘‘
结果：
byte: b‘\xe4\xba\xba\xe7\x94\x9f\xe8\x8b\xa6\xe7\x9f\xad‘
str: 人生苦短
‘‘‘
整型
i = 1 print(type(i)) ‘‘‘ <class ‘int‘> ‘‘‘
浮点型
f = 3.0 print(type(f)) ‘‘‘ <class ‘float‘> ‘‘‘
复数类型
c = 3+4j print(type(c)) ‘‘‘ <class ‘complex‘> ‘‘‘
布尔型
b = True
print(type(b))
b = False
print(type(b))
if 1 :
print("1为True")
if 0 :
print("0为Flase")
‘‘‘
<class ‘bool‘>
<class ‘bool‘>
1为True
‘‘‘
使用python不需要声明变量类型，由python内置的基本数据类型来管理变量，在程序后台实现数值与类型的关联，以及类型的转换等操作。
2. String
python有三种字符串表示方式：单引号、双引号、三引号。单引号和双引号作用一样。三引号可以输入单引号、双引号或换行等字符。三引号的另一个用法是制作文档字符串。python的每个对象都有一个属性__doc__，这个属性用于描述该对象的作用。
#单引号
s = ‘hello‘
#双引号
s = "hello"
#单引号双引号
s = "I‘m a student!"
print(s)
#三引号
s = ‘‘‘he say:"hello!"
‘‘‘
print(s)
#三引号说明注释
class Hello:
‘‘‘ hello class ‘‘‘
def printHello():
‘‘‘ print hello ‘‘‘
print("Hello world")
print("__doc__:",Hello.__doc__)
Hello.printHello()
1 def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 2 """ 3 S.capitalize() -> str 4 5 Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character 6 have upper case and the rest lower case. 7 """ 8 return "" 9 #将首字母大写，其他变小写 10 11 s = ‘hEello World‘ 12 print(s.capitalize()) 13 14 ‘‘‘ 15 Heello world 16 ‘‘‘ 17 18 19 def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 20 """ 21 S.casefold() -> str 22 23 Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons. 24 """ 25 return "" 26 #将字符串转换为小写 27 28 def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 29 """ 30 S.casefold() -> str 31 32 Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons. 33 """ 34 return "" 35 36 37 38 def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 39 """ 40 S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str 41 42 Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is 43 done using the specified fill character (default is a space) 44 """ 45 return "" 46 47 s = ‘hello‘ 48 print(s.center(10,‘*‘)) 49 50 ‘‘‘ 51 --hello--- 52 ‘‘‘ 53 54 55 def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 56 """ 57 S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 58 59 Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in 60 string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are 61 interpreted as in slice notation. 62 """ 63 return 0 64 #计数 65 s = ‘hello world‘ 66 print(s.count(‘s‘)) 67 print(s.count(‘o‘)) 68 print(s.count(‘o‘,5,10)) 69 70 ‘‘‘ 71 0 72 2 73 1 74 ‘‘‘ 75 76 def encode(self, encoding=‘utf-8‘, errors=‘strict‘): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 77 """ 78 S.encode(encoding=‘utf-8‘, errors=‘strict‘) -> bytes 79 80 Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding 81 is ‘utf-8‘. errors may be given to set a different error 82 handling scheme. Default is ‘strict‘ meaning that encoding errors raise 83 a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore‘, ‘replace‘ and 84 ‘xmlcharrefreplace‘ as well as any other name registered with 85 codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. 86 """ 87 return b"" 88 #转换成二进制 89 90 s = ‘你好, world‘ 91 print(s.encode(encoding=‘utf-8‘)) 92 print() 93 94 ‘‘‘ 95 b‘\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd, world‘ 96 ‘‘‘ 97 98 99 def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 100 """ 101 S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool 102 103 Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. 104 With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 105 With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. 106 suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. 107 """ 108 return False 109 110 s = ‘hello world‘ 111 print(s.endswith(‘ld‘)) 112 print(s.endswith(‘lo‘)) 113 print(s.endswith(‘lo‘,3,5)) 114 115 ‘‘‘ 116 True 117 False 118 True 119 ‘‘‘ 120 121 def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 122 """ 123 S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str 124 125 Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. 126 If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. 127 """ 128 return "" 129 #将字符串中的tab制表符转换为空格，默认为8个空格 130 131 s = ‘hello \t world‘ 132 print(s.expandtabs()) 133 print(s.expandtabs(20)) 134 135 ‘‘‘ 136 hello world 137 hello world 138 ‘‘‘ 139 140 def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 141 """ 142 S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 143 144 Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, 145 such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 146 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 147 148 Return -1 on failure. 149 """ 150 return 0 151 #查找是否包含某个字符,不包含返回-1 152 153 s = "hello world" 154 print(s.find(‘lo‘)) 155 print(s.find(‘lood‘)) 156 print(s.find(‘o‘,4,8)) 157 print(s.find(‘o‘,5,8)) 158 159 ‘‘‘ 160 3 161 -1 162 4 163 7 164 ‘‘‘ 165 166 167 def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format 168 """ 169 S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str 170 171 Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. 172 The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{‘ and ‘}‘). 173 """ 174 pass 175 #字符串格式化 176 177 s = "h{0}llo w{1}rld " 178 print(s.format(‘e‘,‘o‘)) 179 180 s = "h{a}llo w{b}rld" 181 print(s.format(a=‘e‘,b=‘o‘)) 182 183 184 185 def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 186 """ 187 S.format_map(mapping) -> str 188 189 Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. 190 The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{‘ and ‘}‘). 191 """ 192 return "" 193 #字符串格式化 194 195 s = ‘hello w{k1}rl{k2}‘ 196 print(s.format_map({‘k1‘:‘o‘,‘k2‘:‘d‘})) 197 198 199 def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 200 """ 201 S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 202 203 Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, 204 such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 205 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 206 207 Raises ValueError when the substring is not found. 208 """ 209 return 0 210 #查找下标 211 s = "hello world" 212 print(s[0:5]) 213 print(s.index(‘o‘)) 214 print(s.index(‘o‘,4,20)) 215 print(s.index(‘o‘,5,10)) 216 print(s.index(‘lo‘)) 217 # print(s.index(‘p‘)) #不存在则会报错ValueError: substring not found 218 219 220 def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 221 """ 222 S.isalnum() -> bool 223 224 Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric 225 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 226 """ 227 return False 228 #判断字符串是否都是数字或者字母组成 229 230 s = ‘helloworld‘ 231 s1 = ‘1234‘ 232 s2 = ‘hel123‘ 233 s3 = ‘12 he‘ 234 s4 = ‘\t‘ 235 print(s.isalnum()) 236 print(s1.isalnum()) 237 print(s2.isalnum()) 238 print(s3.isalnum()) 239 print(s4.isalnum()) 240 241 ‘‘‘ 242 True 243 True 244 True 245 False 246 False 247 ‘‘‘ 248 249 250 251 def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 252 """ 253 S.isalpha() -> bool 254 255 Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic 256 and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. 257 """ 258 return False 259 #判断字符串是否是字母组成 260 261 s = ‘hello world‘ 262 s1 = ‘134he‘ 263 s2 = ‘234‘ 264 s3 = ‘helloworld‘ 265 print(s.isalpha()) 266 print(s1.isalpha()) 267 print(s2.isalpha()) 268 print(s3.isalpha()) 269 270 ‘‘‘ 271 False 272 False 273 False 274 True 275 ‘‘‘
标签：highlight cas ndt pre end ignore 说明 格式化 二进制
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/jmwm/p/9643951.html
