Maven多模块，Dubbo分布式服务框架，SpringMVC，前后端分离项目，基础搭建，搭建过程出

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　　　　我们需要建立一个多模块的maven项目，其目录结构为

其中student-api用于暴露接口；student-service用语处理业务逻辑及调用数据访问对象，返回相应数据；student-web主要用于提供dubbo服务，及其他db、spring、springMVC、mybatis等配置。这样设计能够将业务逻辑与数据访问隔离开，同时贴合了spring目标之一，就是允许我们在开发应用的程序时，能够遵循面向对象（OO）原则中的“针对接口编程”，很大程度上达到松耦合。这里将接口API隔离出来作为dubbo生产者的服务接口，供消费应用调用（在后续详细讲解）。

　　　　1.新建Maven项目

2.选择项目存放路径后，选择创建一个简单的maven项目
3.
　3.填写GroupId和ArtifactId,注意选择或者填写版本号
　
点击完成后，建立好了student-demo项目。之后删除项目src目录，打开pom.xml将<packaging>jar</packaging>修改为<packaging>pom</packaging>，pom表示它是一个被继承的模块。修改后的pom.xml如下
`<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">;
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.student.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>student-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>

<name>student-demo</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>;

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

标签定义可被子项目继承的第三方依赖包，打包配置，资源插件等，同时注意统一定义依赖的版本，避免冲突。这里还利用Maven配置了profiles，可根据情况增加不同的运行环境，并方便快捷地切换项目运行环境，目前我们只设置了dev开发环境。 ``` 4.0.0 com.student.demo student-demo 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT pom UTF-8 1.16.10 1.0.1 5.1.21 4.2.5.RELEASE 3.3.0 1.3.0 4.1.6 1.5.4 1.8.0 3.1.0 1.4.6 3.20.0-GA 2.7 1.4.2 2.2.4 15.0 1.7.21 1.1.7 1.2.12 1.7.5 0.1.2 2.5.3 3.4.8 0.8 3.1 1.9.12 1.2.3 2.3.22 1.9.2 4.11 1.10.19 2.9.3 4.1 4.5.2 1.2.11 2.7 2.5.1 3.0.0 1.14.8.0 1.8 UTF-8 ${project.artifactId} src/profiles 2.6.0 student-service student-api student-web org.hibernate hibernate-validator 5.2.4.Final org.springframework spring-core ${dep.ver.springframework} commons-logging commons-logging org.springframework spring-context ${dep.ver.springframework} org.springframework spring-context-support ${dep.ver.springframework} org.springframework spring-web ${dep.ver.springframework} org.springframework spring-webmvc ${dep.ver.springframework} org.springframework spring-jdbc ${dep.ver.springframework} org.springframework spring-tx ${dep.ver.springframework} org.springframework spring-aspects ${dep.ver.springframework} com.alibaba druid ${dep.ver.druid} mysql mysql-connector-java ${dep.ver.mysql} org.mybatis mybatis ${dep.ver.mybatis} org.mybatis mybatis-spring ${dep.ver.mybatis-spring} com.github.pagehelper pagehelper ${dep.ver.pagehelper} org.apache.commons commons-lang3 ${dep.ver.commons-lang3} commons-beanutils commons-beanutils ${dep.ver.commons-beanutils} commons-logging commons-logging org.slf4j slf4j-api ${dep.ver.slf4j} org.slf4j log4j-over-slf4j ${dep.ver.slf4j} org.slf4j jcl-over-slf4j ${dep.ver.slf4j} ch.qos.logback logback-classic ${dep.ver.logback} com.alibaba dubbo ${dep.ver.dubbo} spring org.springframework netty org.jboss.netty org.apache.zookeeper zookeeper ${dep.ver.zookeeper} log4j log4j com.101tec zkclient ${dep.ver.zkclient} log4j log4j org.codehaus.jackson jackson-core-asl ${dep.ver.jackson} org.codehaus.jackson jackson-mapper-asl ${dep.ver.jackson} aspectj aspectjrt ${dep.ver.aspectjrt} org.aspectj aspectjweaver ${dep.ver.aspectjweaver} javax.servlet javax.servlet-api ${dep.ver.servlet} provided org.javassist javassist ${dep.ver.javassist} junit junit ${dep.ver.junit} test org.springframework spring-test ${dep.ver.springframework} test org.mockito mockito-core ${dep.ver.mockito} test com.google.code.gson gson ${dep.ver.gson} com.google.guava guava ${dep.ver.guava} org.projectlombok lombok ${dep.ver.lombok} org.apache.commons commons-collections4 ${dep.ver.commons-collections4} org.apache.httpcomponents httpclient ${dep.ver.httpclient} commons-logging commons-logging local ${profiles.dir}/local dev ${profiles.dir}/dev ${center.project.name} org.apache.maven.plugins maven-resources-plugin ${plg.ver.maven-resources-plugin} ${encoding} org.apache.maven.plugins maven-compiler-plugin ${plg.ver.maven-compiler-plugin} ${jdk.ver} ${jdk.ver} ${encoding} maven-source-plugin ${plg.ver.maven-source-plugin} true compile jar src/main/resources true ``` 在student-api中继承父pom的依赖，并且直接引入。 ``` 4.0.0 com.student.demo student-demo 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT student-api com.alibaba fastjson ${dep.ver.fastjson} org.springframework spring-context org.springframework spring-web org.apache.httpcomponents httpclient com.google.code.gson gson com.google.guava guava ``` 在student-service中添加继承依赖，添加对student-api的依赖。 ``` 4.0.0 com.student.demo student-demo 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT student-service com.student.demo student-api 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT com.alibaba fastjson ${dep.ver.fastjson} com.aliyun.oss aliyun-sdk-oss 2.0.7 commons-logging commons-logging com.alibaba druid mysql mysql-connector-java org.mybatis mybatis org.mybatis mybatis-spring com.github.pagehelper pagehelper org.springframework spring-core org.springframework spring-context org.springframework spring-webmvc org.springframework spring-jdbc org.springframework spring-context-support org.springframework spring-tx org.springframework spring-aspects com.fasterxml.jackson.core jackson-core ${jackson.version} com.fasterxml.jackson.core jackson-databind ${jackson.version} com.fasterxml.jackson.core jackson-annotations ${jackson.version} org.slf4j slf4j-api ch.qos.logback logback-classic org.slf4j log4j-over-slf4j org.slf4j jcl-over-slf4j com.google.guava guava org.apache.commons commons-lang3 commons-beanutils commons-beanutils javax.servlet javax.servlet-api org.javassist javassist aspectj aspectjrt org.aspectj aspectjweaver com.alibaba dubbo spring org.springframework netty org.jboss.netty org.apache.zookeeper zookeeper org.slf4j slf4j-log4j12 com.101tec zkclient org.slf4j slf4j-log4j12 org.apache.httpcomponents httpclient cglib cglib 3.1 ``` 在student-web中继承依赖，添加对student-api，student-service的依赖。注意子项目依赖版本都为1.0.0-SNAPSHOT ``` 4.0.0 com.student.demo student-demo 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT student-web war junit junit com.student.demo student-api 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT com.student.demo student-service 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT student-web ``` 　``` 二、Maven与SpringMVC的整合 　　　　1.第一部分已经在项目pom文件中配置了spring的相关依赖 　　　　2.在student-web项目根路径上添加profiles源目录及配置文件 　　　　　注意是建立源文件不是普通文件夹。  　　然后在此源文件夹下建立普通文件夹props，用于存放配置文件。在props下新建db-config.properties资源文件，用于配置mysql，其配置内容为： ``` 1 database.database=mysql 2 database.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 3 database.url=jdbc:mysql://172.0.0.1:3306/student_data?characterEncoding=utf8 4 database.user=root 5 database.password=root 6 database.show_sql=true ``` 在mysql数据库中建立一张简单的student数据表，其结构为：  3.在student-web的src/main/resources目录中新建spring文件夹，新建spring-base.xml和spring-dispatcher.xml。其中值得说明一下的是，spring监听器ContextLoaderListener和控制器DispatcherServlet会加载应用上下文。其中上下文参数contextConfigLocation的value值是根应用上下文路径classpath:spring/spring-base.xml，它会被ContextLoaderListener加载bean定义。spring-base.xml中的内容为： ``` classpath:props/db-config.properties ``` 　 同样DispatcherServlet会从classpath:spring/spring-dispatcher.xml加载它的bean。 ``` ``` 　4.在Web.xml中声明DispatcherServlet 　　SpringMVC所有请求都会通过一个前端控制器DispatcherServlet，通过这个控制器将请求委托给应用程序的其它执行单元来处理，所以需要通过web.xml来注册。打开student-web项目目录下src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml，修改web.xml ` student-web contextConfigLocation classpath:spring/spring-base.xml org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener characterEncodingFilter org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter encoding UTF-8 forceEncoding true characterEncodingFilter /* dispatcher org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet contextConfigLocation classpath:spring/spring-dispatcher.xml dispatcher / ` 　5.spring与Mybatis的整合 　　　　　在student-web的src/main/resources目录中新建mybatis文件夹，再在此目录新建mybatis.xml和mapper文件夹。在spring文件夹下新建spring-db.xml用于spring加载mybatis配置。spring-db.xml内容如下： ``` ``` 　三、Dubbo的环境配置及与整合 　　　　　我们已经搭建好student-demo项目来作为provider，为其它服务提供接口，所以我们需要先配置好dubbo提供者，PS：这里不会讲解zookeeper的搭建，请自行百度。其项目结构为：  1.首先在student-web中配置dubbo 　　由于我们已经在student-demo中添加了dubbo和zookeeper的相关依赖，下一步字啊resources目录中建立dubbo文件夹，再新建dubbo-producer.xml，同时在profiles的dev环境中添加dubbo-producer.properties配置文件，设置zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址，配置group分组，服务端口，注册中心请求超时时间(毫秒)和版本。其中组别＋接口地址＋版本号唯一的标识了一个接口。文件内容为： ``` 1 student-registry-address=172.0.0.1:2181 2 student-group=student-min 3 student-service-port=22026 4 student-timeout=120000 5 student-version=1.0.0 ``` 这样我们就可以来配置dubbo-producer.xml ``` ``` 2.写一个简单的服务接口 1）首先在student-service中建立Student实体类 ``` package org.student.bean; public class Student { private Long id; private String name; private Integer age; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } } ``` 　2）同时在student-api中建立与实体bean对应的DTO类实现Serializable接口，并重写toString方法。一般为了不破坏实体类和数据库表一一对应的接口，我们会新建一个DTO实体类，并且加入一些冗余的字段，作为前后端的传输对象。 `package org.student.api.dto; import java.io.Serializable; public class StudentDTO implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private Long id; private String name; private Integer age; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "id = " + id + ", name = " + name + ",age = " + age; } } ` 3）在student-api中建立StudentApi接口，值得注意的是@service注解中的对象 ``` package org.student.api; import java.util.List; import org.student.api.dto.StudentDTO; public interface StudentApi { List listStudents(); } ``` 4）在dubbo-producer.xml中注册StudentApi，添加配置： ``` ``` 5）从service业务逻辑层子模块开始编写接口实现，新建在student-service中新建StudentBiz实现StudentApi接口 ``` package org.student.service.biz; import java.util.List; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.student.api.StudentApi; import org.student.api.dto.StudentDTO; import org.student.bean.Student; import org.student.service.StudentService; import com.google.common.collect.Lists; @Service("studentApi") public class StudentBiz implements StudentApi{ private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StudentBiz.class); @Autowired private StudentService studentService; @Override public List listStudents() { List listStudent = studentService.listStudent(); List listStudentDTO = Lists.newArrayList(); for(Student student: listStudent){ StudentDTO studentDTO = new StudentDTO(); studentDTO.setId(student.getId()); studentDTO.setAge(student.getAge()); studentDTO.setName(student.getName()); listStudentDTO.add(studentDTO); } return listStudentDTO; } } ``` 6）在student-service中创建service层接口StudentService ``` package org.student.service; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.student.bean.Student; @Service public interface StudentService { List listStudent(); } ``` 7）在student-service中实现StudentService接口 ``` package org.student.service.impl; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.student.bean.Student; import org.student.service.StudentService; import org.student.service.mapper.StudentMapper; @Service("studentService") public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService{ @Resource private StudentMapper studentMapper; @Override public List listStudent() { List listStudent = studentMapper.listStudent(); return listStudent; } } ``` 8）在student-service中创建数据层StudentMapper接口 ``` package org.student.service.mapper; import java.util.List; import org.student.bean.Student; public interface StudentMapper { List listStudent(); } ``` 9）在student-web中创建实体映射的XML文件，注意StudentMapper类与sql ID的对应关系 ``` a.id, a.name, a.age SELECT FROM student a ``` dubbo提供者已创建完成，创建完成子应用结构为    1）dubbo-consumer.properties的service-group应该与提供者一致，否者找不到提供者方的接口。  同时pom.xml中需要增加对的依赖 ``` com.student.demo student-api 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT ``` ``` student-registry-address=172.0.0.1:2181 student-service-group=student-min student-service-version=1.0.0 student-service-timeout=120000 ``` 2）spring-dubbo-consumer.xml的配置及接口调用方式 ` ` 3）调用者的controller层　 ``` package org.student.controller; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.student.api.StudentApi; @RestController @RequestMapping("/student") public class StudentController { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StudentController.class); @Resource private StudentApi studentApi; @RequestMapping(path = "/listStudent", method = RequestMethod.POST) public void listStudent(){ logger.info("get students..."); logger.info("the data are " + studentApi.listStudents()); } } ``` 4）服务器同时启动provider和consumer，会看到启动信息  ``` 查看zookeeper注册中心发现提供者消费者都已成功注册 ``` ``` ``` ``` ``` 　5）测试接口 `　　　　由于我并没有写view层来展示数据，现在只能通过控制台的日志信息来简单测试接口。（logback的用法不做解释）利用浏览器post请求访问 http://172.0.0.1:8080/student-test/student/listStudent，控制台输出为 ` ``` [http-nio-8080-exec-2] INFO 2016-11-07 18:33:24.450 o.s.c.StudentController[24] - get students... [DubboServerHandler-172.28.19.7:22026-thread-2] INFO 2016-11-07 18:33:24.729 d.a.o.s.a.StudentApi[58] - [DUBBO] [2016-11-07 18:3:24] 172.28.19.7:56346 -> 172.28.19.7:22026 - student-min/org.student.api.StudentApi:1.0.0 listStudents() , dubbo version: 2.5.3, current host: 127.0.0.1 [http-nio-8080-exec-2] INFO 2016-11-07 18:33:25.026 o.s.c.StudentController[25] - the data are [id = 1, name = 张三,age = 20] ``` 四、新手在整合过程易犯的错误。 　 1.ClassNotFound异常 　 `严重: Error configuring application listener of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1332) at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1166) at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClass(DefaultInstanceManager.java:518) at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClassMaybePrivileged(DefaultInstanceManager.java:499) at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:118) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4764) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5303) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1407) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1397) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) ` eclipse会自动将deployment?assembly指定的工程，打成jar包，放入到web-inf/lib目录下，tomcat在发布项目的时候没有同时发布maven依赖所添加的jar包，但是如果在deployment?assembly没有配置相应的依赖包，就会抛出异常。解决方法：项目 —> properties -> Deployment Assembly -> Add -> Java Build Path Entries -> 选择Maven Dependencies -> Finish -> OK 把对应的Maven依赖包也发布到tomcat，调试时会自动把那些jar发布到指定目录下，tomcat也能找到那些jar了。 　　　　另外，同样的报错可能由于不同的原因造成，如果没有激活Maven profile也会报这种错误，激活profile的方式有很多，通过命令首先需要在pom.xml中用配置（详细配置请查看上文）再通过命令行： `mvn install -Pdev #激活dev环境` 也可以通过eclipse的配置：项目－－>properties-->Maven-->填写profile名－－>apply-->finish  2.启动student-web，spring创建bean对象失败 十一月 07, 2016 8:19:24 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart 严重: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name ‘org.student.api.StudentApi‘: Cannot resolve reference to bean ‘studentApi‘ while setting bean property ‘ref‘; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named ‘studentApi‘ is defined at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:359) 　 ... at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:839) 　... Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named ‘studentApi‘ is defined at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:698) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1175) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:284) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:351) ... 　spring有强大的注解帮助我们简化很大部分代码，并降低的耦合。@Autowired或@Resource在 Bean 类中使用自动注入功能，但是 Bean 还是在 XML 文件中通过 进行定义 —— 也就是说，在 XML 配置文件中定义 Bean，通过@Autowired或@Resource为 Bean 的成员变量、方法入参或构造函数入参提供自动注入的功能。以前通过在spring文件中配置的方式被移除，仅需要添加一行 配置就解决所有问题了——Spring XML 配置文件得到了极致的简化。 的 base-package 属性指定了需要扫描的类包，类包及其递归子包中所有的类都会被处理。解决：在spring-base.xml中添加 `` 3.消费者访问dubbo接口被拒绝 `严重: Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcher] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Forbid consumer 172.0.0.1 access service org.student.api.StudentApi from registry 172.0.0.1:2181 use dubbo version 2.5.3, Please check registry access list (whitelist/blacklist).] with root cause com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Forbid consumer 172.0.0.1 access service org.student.api.StudentApi from registry 172.0.0.1:2181 use dubbo version 2.5.3, Please check registry access list (whitelist/blacklist). at com.alibaba.dubbo.registry.integration.RegistryDirectory.doList(RegistryDirectory.java:579) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.directory.AbstractDirectory.list(AbstractDirectory.java:73) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.list(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:260) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.invoke(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:219) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.MockClusterInvoker.invoke(MockClusterInvoker.java:72) at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.proxy.InvokerInvocationHandler.invoke(InvokerInvocationHandler.java:52) at com.alibaba.dubbo.common.bytecode.proxy0.listStudents(proxy0.java) at org.student.controller.StudentController.listStudent(StudentController.java:25) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) .... ` 如果消费者访问的接口路径不正确，则无法调用接口。出现这种错误是我没有把消费者的组设置成提供者的组，解决方法是group保持一致  4.访问所有接口都报404错误 ``` INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:28.507 o.s.w.s.DispatcherServlet[488] - FrameworkServlet ‘dispatcher‘: initialization started INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:28.518 o.s.w.c.s.XmlWebApplicationContext[578] - Refreshing WebApplicationContext for namespace ‘dispatcher-servlet‘: startup date [Tue Nov 08 12:42:28 CST 2016]; parent: Root WebApplicationContext INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:28.519 o.s.b.f.x.XmlBeanDefinitionReader[317] - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring/spring-dispatcher.xml] INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:28.657 o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory[839] - Overriding bean definition for bean ‘org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping‘ with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null] with [Root bean: class [org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null] ... INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:29.545 o.s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter[532] - Looking for @ControllerAdvice: WebApplicationContext for namespace ‘dispatcher-servlet‘: startup date [Tue Nov 08 12:42:28 CST 2016]; parent: Root WebApplicationContext INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:29.810 o.s.w.s.v.v.VelocityConfigurer[140] - ClasspathResourceLoader with name ‘springMacro‘ added to configured VelocityEngine INFO 2016-11-08 12:42:30.193 o.s.w.s.DispatcherServlet[507] - FrameworkServlet ‘dispatcher‘: initialization completed in 1684 ms WARN 2016-11-08 12:42:30.206 o.s.w.s.PageNotFound[1136] - No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/student/listStudent] in DispatcherServlet with name ‘dispatcher‘ ``` 　这个错误我找了很久才发现，并不是简单的访问路径错误。仔细查看日志信息会发现spring加载dispatcher的过程，截取在web.xml中配置 ` contextConfigLocation classpath:spring/spring-base.xml ... dispatcher org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet contextConfigLocation classpath:spring/spring-dispatcher.xml dispatcher / ` 　在Tomcat启动时，web.xml中加载顺序是 context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet，ContextLoaderListener基于Web上下文级别的监听器在启动服务器时就创建ApplicationContext并且将配置的Spring Bean加载到XML中。DispatcherServlet是一个请求分发控制器，所有匹配的URL都会通过该Servlet分发执行，在创建Servlet对象时会初始化Spring MVC相关配置。spring-dispatcher.xml中定义了控制器映射，使用Controller+RequestMapping注解映射时，相关controller组件扫描要定义在spring-dispatcher.xml中，而非spring-base.xml中。依据这样的分析，我去查看了student-test项目中spring-dispatcher.xml和spring-base.xml的配置，发现spring-base.xml配置了 ``` ``` 而在spring-dispatcher.xml中未配置扫描路径。所以spring无法加载controller中的映射，自然会404了，解决方式则是在spring-dispatcher.xml中加上扫描。

Maven多模块，Dubbo分布式服务框架，SpringMVC，前后端分离项目，基础搭建，搭建过程出

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原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13981400/2293965