一、Excel导入及导出问题产生:
二、使用第三方开源组件导入及导出Excel的解决方案:
三、下面来两个简单入门例子:
/// <summary> /// MyXls简单Demo,快速入门代码 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource"></param> /// <param name="strFileName"></param> /// <remarks>MyXls认为Excel的第一个单元格是:(1,1)</remarks> public static void ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName) { XlsDocument xls = new XlsDocument(); Worksheet sheet = xls.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("Sheet1"); //填充表头 foreach (DataColumn col in dtSource.Columns) { sheet.Cells.Add(1, col.Ordinal + 1, col.ColumnName); } //填充内容 for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { sheet.Cells.Add(i + 2, j + 1, dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()); } } //保存 xls.FileName = strFileName; xls.Save(); }
/// <summary> /// NPOI简单Demo,快速入门代码 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource"></param> /// <param name="strFileName"></param> /// <remarks>NPOI认为Excel的第一个单元格是:(0,0)</remarks> public static void ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); //填充表头 HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName); } //填充内容 for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1); for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { dataRow.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()); } } //保存 using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)) { workbook.Write(fs); } } workbook.Dispose(); }
四、接下来是封装的可以用在实际项目中的类,实现的功能有(仅NPOI):
- 支持web及winform从DataTable导出到Excel。
- 生成速度很快。
- 准确判断数据类型,不会出现身份证转数值等上面提到的一系列问题。
- 如果单页条数大于65535时会新建工作表。
- 列宽自适应。
- 支持读取Excel。
- 调用方便,只一调用一个静态类就OK了。
- 因为测试期间发现MyXls导出速度要比NPOI慢3倍,而NPOI既能满足我们的导出需求,又能很好的满足我们的导入需求,所以只针对NPOI进行全方位功能实现及优化。
NPOI操作类 using System; using System.Data; using System.Configuration; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.IO; using System.Text; using NPOI; using NPOI.HPSF; using NPOI.HSSF; using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; using NPOI.HSSF.Util; using NPOI.POIFS; using NPOI.Util; namespace SNF.Utilities { public class NPOIHelper { /// <summary> /// DataTable导出到Excel文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param> /// <param name="strFileName">保存位置</param> public static void Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName) { using (MemoryStream ms = Export(dtSource, strHeaderText)) { using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write)) { byte[] data = ms.ToArray(); fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length); fs.Flush(); } } } /// <summary> /// DataTable导出到Excel的MemoryStream /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param> public static MemoryStream Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); #region 右击文件 属性信息 { DocumentSummaryInformation dsi = PropertySetFactory.CreateDocumentSummaryInformation(); dsi.Company = "NPOI"; workbook.DocumentSummaryInformation = dsi; SummaryInformation si = PropertySetFactory.CreateSummaryInformation(); si.Author = "文件作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息 si.ApplicationName = "创建程序信息"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息 si.LastAuthor = "最后保存者信息"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息 si.Comments = "作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息 si.Title = "标题信息"; //填加xls文件标题信息 si.Subject = "主题信息";//填加文件主题信息 si.CreateDateTime = DateTime.Now; workbook.SummaryInformation = si; } #endregion HSSFCellStyle dateStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); HSSFDataFormat format = workbook.CreateDataFormat(); dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd"); //取得列宽 int[] arrColWidth = new int[dtSource.Columns.Count]; foreach (DataColumn item in dtSource.Columns) { arrColWidth[item.Ordinal] = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(item.ColumnName.ToString()).Length; } for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { int intTemp = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()).Length; if (intTemp > arrColWidth[j]) { arrColWidth[j] = intTemp; } } } int rowIndex = 0; foreach (DataRow row in dtSource.Rows) { #region 新建表,填充表头,填充列头,样式 if (rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0) { if (rowIndex != 0) { sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); } #region 表头及样式 { HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); headerRow.HeightInPoints = 25; headerRow.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(strHeaderText); HSSFCellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = CellHorizontalAlignment.CENTER; HSSFFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 20; font.Boldweight = 700; headStyle.SetFont(font); headerRow.GetCell(0).CellStyle = headStyle; sheet.AddMergedRegion(new Region(0, 0, 0, dtSource.Columns.Count - 1)); headerRow.Dispose(); } #endregion #region 列头及样式 { HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(1); HSSFCellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = CellHorizontalAlignment.CENTER; HSSFFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 10; font.Boldweight = 700; headStyle.SetFont(font); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName); headerRow.GetCell(column.Ordinal).CellStyle = headStyle; //设置列宽 sheet.SetColumnWidth(column.Ordinal, (arrColWidth[column.Ordinal] + 1) * 256); } headerRow.Dispose(); } #endregion rowIndex = 2; } #endregion #region 填充内容 HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { HSSFCell newCell = dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal); string drValue = row[column].ToString(); switch (column.DataType.ToString()) { case "System.String"://字符串类型 newCell.SetCellValue(drValue); break; case "System.DateTime"://日期类型 DateTime dateV; DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV); newCell.SetCellValue(dateV); newCell.CellStyle = dateStyle;//格式化显示 break; case "System.Boolean"://布尔型 bool boolV = false; bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV); newCell.SetCellValue(boolV); break; case "System.Int16"://整型 case "System.Int32": case "System.Int64": case "System.Byte": int intV = 0; int.TryParse(drValue, out intV); newCell.SetCellValue(intV); break; case "System.Decimal"://浮点型 case "System.Double": double doubV = 0; double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV); newCell.SetCellValue(doubV); break; case "System.DBNull"://空值处理 newCell.SetCellValue(""); break; default: newCell.SetCellValue(""); break; } } #endregion rowIndex++; } using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { workbook.Write(ms); ms.Flush(); ms.Position = 0; sheet.Dispose(); //workbook.Dispose();//一般只用写这一个就OK了,他会遍历并释放所有资源,但当前版本有问题所以只释放sheet return ms; } } /// <summary> /// 用于Web导出 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param> /// <param name="strFileName">文件名</param> public static void ExportByWeb(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName) { HttpContext curContext = HttpContext.Current; // 设置编码和附件格式 curContext.Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel"; curContext.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; curContext.Response.Charset = ""; curContext.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(strFileName, Encoding.UTF8)); curContext.Response.BinaryWrite(Export(dtSource, strHeaderText).GetBuffer()); curContext.Response.End(); } /// <summary>读取excel /// 默认第一行为标头 /// </summary> /// <param name="strFileName">excel文档路径</param> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable Import(string strFileName) { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook; using (FileStream file = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)) { hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file); } HSSFSheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0); System.Collections.IEnumerator rows = sheet.GetRowEnumerator(); HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++) { HSSFCell cell = headerRow.GetCell(j); dt.Columns.Add(cell.ToString()); } for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= sheet.LastRowNum; i++) { HSSFRow row = sheet.GetRow(i); DataRow dataRow = dt.NewRow(); for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++) { if (row.GetCell(j) != null) dataRow[j] = row.GetCell(j).ToString(); } dt.Rows.Add(dataRow); } return dt; } } }
五、NPOI操作类的调用方法
DataTable dt_Grade = Tools.Data.GetDataTable(strSQL);
filename += "绩效考核结果分数统计表";
PMS.Common.NPOIHelper.ExportByWeb(dt_Grade, filename, filename+".xls");
六、效果展示
七、NPOI类库下载:
NPOI 下载地址: http://npoi.codeplex.com/releases
官方学习网站 : http://tonyqus.sinaapp.com/
信息来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/yongfa365/archive/2010/05/10/NPOI-MyXls-DataTable-To-Excel-From-Excel.html