标签:rip use _id nexus 5 响应头 快速 county php encoding
简单demo:
import requests r = requests.get(url=‘http://www.itwhy.org‘) # 最基本的GET请求 print(r.status_code) # 获取返回状态 r = requests.get(url=‘http://dict.baidu.com/s‘, params={‘wd‘:‘python‘}) #带参数的GET请求 print(r.url) print(r.text) #打印解码后的返回数据
1、带参数的请求
import requests requests.get(‘http://www.dict.baidu.com/s‘, params={‘wd‘: ‘python‘}) #GET参数实例 requests.post(‘http://www.itwhy.org/wp-comments-post.php‘, data={‘comment‘: ‘测试POST‘}) #POST参数实例
2、post发送json数据:
import requests import json r = requests.post(‘https://api.github.com/some/endpoint‘, data=json.dumps({‘some‘: ‘data‘})) print(r.json())
3、定制header:
import requests import json data = {‘some‘: ‘data‘} headers = {‘content-type‘: ‘application/json‘, ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0‘} r = requests.post(‘https://api.github.com/some/endpoint‘, data=data, headers=headers) print(r.text)
使用requests方法后,会返回一个response对象,其存储了服务器响应的内容,如上实例中已经提到的 r.text、r.status_code……
获取文本方式的响应体实例:当你访问 r.text 之时,会使用其响应的文本编码进行解码,并且你可以修改其编码让 r.text 使用自定义的编码进行解码
响应:
r.status_code #响应状态码 r.raw #返回原始响应体,也就是 urllib 的 response 对象,使用 r.raw.read() 读取 r.content #字节方式的响应体,会自动为你解码 gzip 和 deflate 压缩 r.text #字符串方式的响应体,会自动根据响应头部的字符编码进行解码 r.headers #以字典对象存储服务器响应头,但是这个字典比较特殊,字典键不区分大小写,若键不存在则返回None #*特殊方法*# r.json() #Requests中内置的JSON解码器 r.raise_for_status() #失败请求(非200响应)抛出异常
demo:
import requests URL = ‘http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php‘ # 淘宝IP地址库API try: r = requests.get(URL, params={‘ip‘: ‘8.8.8.8‘}, timeout=1) r.raise_for_status() # 如果响应状态码不是 200,就主动抛出异常 except requests.RequestException as e: print(e) else: result = r.json() print(type(result), result, sep=‘\n‘) # 结果: # <class ‘dict‘> # {‘code‘: 0, ‘data‘: {‘ip‘: ‘8.8.8.8‘, ‘country‘: ‘美国‘, ‘area‘: ‘‘, ‘region‘: ‘XX‘, ‘city‘: ‘XX‘, ‘county‘: ‘XX‘, ‘isp‘: ‘Level3‘, ‘country_id‘: ‘US‘, ‘area_id‘: ‘‘, ‘region_id‘: ‘xx‘, ‘city_id‘: ‘xx‘, ‘county_id‘: ‘xx‘, ‘isp_id‘: ‘200053‘}}
1、上传文件
import requests url = ‘http://127.0.0.1:5000/upload‘ files = {‘file‘: open(‘/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg‘, ‘rb‘)} #files = {‘file‘: (‘report.jpg‘, open(‘/home/lyb/sjzl.mpg‘, ‘rb‘))} #显式的设置文件名 r = requests.post(url, files=files) print(r.text)
2、可以把字符串当着文件进行上传:
import requests url = ‘http://127.0.0.1:5000/upload‘ files = {‘file‘: (‘test.txt‘, b‘Hello Requests.‘)} #必需显式的设置文件名 r = requests.post(url, files=files) print(r.text)
1、基本身份认证(HTTP Basic Auth):
import requests from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth r = requests.get(‘https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd‘, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(‘user‘, ‘passwd‘)) # r = requests.get(‘https://httpbin.org/hidden-basic-auth/user/passwd‘, auth=(‘user‘, ‘passwd‘)) # 简写 print(r.json())
2、非常流行的HTTP身份认证形式是摘要式身份认证,Requests对它的支持也是开箱即可用的:
requests.get(URL, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(‘user‘, ‘pass‘))
1、如果某个响应中包含一些Cookie,你可以快速访问它们:
import requests r = requests.get(‘http://www.google.com.hk/‘) print(r.cookies[‘NID‘]) print(tuple(r.cookies))
2、要想发送你的cookies到服务器,可以使用 cookies 参数:
import requests url = ‘http://httpbin.org/cookies‘ cookies = {‘testCookies_1‘: ‘Hello_Python3‘, ‘testCookies_2‘: ‘Hello_Requests‘} # 在Cookie Version 0中规定空格、方括号、圆括号、等于号、逗号、双引号、斜杠、问号、@,冒号,分号等特殊符号都不能作为Cookie的内容。 r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) print(r.json())
timeout 仅对连接过程有效,与响应体的下载无关。
>>> requests.get(‘http://github.com‘, timeout=0.001) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> requests.exceptions.Timeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host=‘github.com‘, port=80): Request timed out. (timeout=0.001)
1、使用python第三方库requests,结合unittest、ddt数据驱动,实现get请求:使用多个搜索词,实现多条搜索case用例测试
import requests import unittest import ddt @ddt.ddt class testClass(unittest.TestCase): @ddt.data("App专项测试", "自动化", "Python") def testGet(self, queryword): #header部分的配置 headers_data = { ‘User-Agent‘:‘Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Mobile Safari/537.36‘, ‘Host‘:‘m.imooc.com‘, ‘Referer‘: ‘https://m.imooc.com/‘, ‘Connection‘:‘keep-alive‘, # 持续连接 ‘Accept-Encoding‘:‘gzip, deflate, br‘ } #cookies部分的配置 cookies_data = dict(imooc_uuid=‘f7356a8d-3dda-48b4-9a33-127b8f57e1db‘, imooc_isnew_ct=‘1522158893‘, imooc_isnew=‘2‘, page = ‘https://m.imooc.com/‘) #get请求的构造 res = requests.get( "https://m.imooc.com/search/?words="+queryword, headers=headers_data, cookies=cookies_data) #print res.status_code #print res.text self.assertTrue("共找到" in res.text) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()
2、使用python第三方库requests,结合unittest、ddt数据驱动,实现post请求:使用多个账户密码,实现多个用户登录测试
import requests import unittest import ddt @ddt.ddt class testClass(unittest.TestCase): @ddt.data( ("15977778888", "999999"), ("15977778889", "999998") ) @ddt.unpack # 数据是元组或列表等格式,需要经过unpack解包后,再用于驱动实例 def testPost(self, username_data, password_data): formdata = { "username": username_data, "password": password_data, "verify": ‘‘, "referer":‘https://m.imooc.com‘} headers_data = { ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; Nexus 6 Build/LYZ28E) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Mobile Safari/537.36‘, ‘Host‘: ‘m.imooc.com‘ } #cookies部分的配置 cookies_data = dict(imooc_uuid=‘ffbd103a-b800-4170-a267-4ea3b301ff06‘, imooc_isnew_ct=‘1511175583‘, imooc_isnew=‘2‘, page = ‘https://m.imooc.com/‘) res = requests.post("https://m.imooc.com/passport/user/login", data = formdata, headers = headers_data, cookies = cookies_data ) print(res.json()) # res是json_str格式,res.json():转化成字典格式 print(type(res.json())) self.assertTrue(90003 == res.json()[‘status‘] or 10005 == res.json()[‘status‘]) # 判断状态码是否是90003或10005 if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()
运行结果:
G:\Python\selenium_test\Scripts\python.exe G:/Python/selenium_test/ddt_case/selenium_test.py .{‘status‘: 90003, ‘msg‘: ‘验证码为空‘, ‘data‘: []} <class ‘dict‘> {‘status‘: 90003, ‘msg‘: ‘验证码为空‘, ‘data‘: []} <class ‘dict‘> . ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 2 tests in 1.057s OK
备注:本文采集于:https://www.cnblogs.com/mrchige/p/6409444.html ,仅用于记录笔记学习!
标签:rip use _id nexus 5 响应头 快速 county php encoding
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Eric15/p/9882258.html