使用WPF来创建 Metro UI程序

亲们用过 Zune 嘛？应该吧，可是 4.7.1404.0 版本才是我的第一次Zune体验，因为这个版本有非常显著的变化：支持Windows Phone 7 并整合了 Windows Live Essentials 2011.

当我第一次运行它的时候，我被他的界面深深地震撼到了，“不！这一定不是WPF!一定不是！”。再细细的看下去，文字是那么的清晰可见，界面响应是如此的酣畅淋漓！我顺便去看了一下维基百科，原来Zune的早期版本早在2006年就已经发布。与此同时，WPF 正要随着 .NET 3.0 一起发布（发布日期是2006年11月）。

翻译于 2012/12/26 17:47

顶

技术分享图片
当我第一次运行Zune时，我为这些美丽的UI所折服。当时就说这肯定不是用WPF做的，因为这些字体是如此的清晰而且UI反映的也非常快速。。而且我从维基百科上也了解到Zune的第一个版本是2006年发布的，而WPF与.NET 3.0却是 2006 年11月发布的。

那么问题来了，如果它不是WPF做的，那它是用什么技术做到的呢？为了找到答案，我使用Process Explorer工具来看看Zune是如何启动的，默认情况下，.NET应用程序都是被用黄色高亮显示的。

很好，这说明Zune肯定是.net 应用程序了，然后我们可以看到Zune需要如下库
技术分享图片

然后用 Reflector一看：

https://github.com/moodmosaic/moodmosaic.github.com/raw/master/images/BuildingaMetroUIwithWPFimage5.png

如你所见，根名空间是 Microsoft.Iris. 我在Google上搜到这玩意看上去就像某种原始的WPF组件 -- MCML

翻译于 2012/11/27 17:12

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WPF能创造出类似的UI吗？

第一个难点就是就是设定WindowStyle为None。因为这有这有才能让标题栏以及边框不可见

翻译于 2012/11/27 17:13

顶

那该如何移动窗体呢？

首先添加一个Shape(Rectangle)，然后为它订阅PreviewMouseDown事件处理。

// Is this a double-click?
if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(m_headerLastClicked) <= s_doubleClick)
{
  // Execute the code inside the event handler for the
  // restore button click passing null for the sender
  // and null for the event args.
  HandleRestoreClick(null, null);
}

m_headerLastClicked = DateTime.Now;

if (Mouse.LeftButton == MouseButtonState.Pressed)
{
  DragMove();
}

翻译于 2012/11/27 17:12

顶

该如何任意改变窗体大小？

在主窗体的四个角分别添加一个Shape(比如Rectangle)然后为它们都订阅PreviewMouseDown事件处理：

Rectangle clickedRectangle = (Rectangle)sender;
   
switch (clickedRectangle.Name)
{
  case "top":
      Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS;
      ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.Top);
      break;
  case "bottom":
      Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS;
      ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.Bottom);
      break;
  // ...
}

下面就是用鼠标重新调整窗体大小的代码

/// <summary>
/// Resizes the window.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="direction">The direction.</param>
private void ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection direction)
{
  NativeMethods.SendMessage(m_hwndSource.Handle, WM_SYSCOMMAND,
      (IntPtr)(61440 + direction), IntPtr.Zero);
}

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
internal static extern IntPtr SendMessage(
  IntPtr hWnd,
  UInt32 msg,
  IntPtr wParam,
  IntPtr lParam);

翻译于 2012/11/27 17:13

顶

如何为窗体添加阴影效果。

实际上有两种做法：

第一种就是试用DWM API。这个方法需要订阅SourceInitialized事件。

/// <summary>
/// Raises the <see cref="FrameworkElement.Initialized"/> event.
/// This method is invoked whenever
/// <see cref="P:FrameworkElement.IsInitialized"/>
/// is set to true internally.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e">The <see cref="T:RoutedEventArgs"/>
/// that contains the event data.</param>
protected override void OnInitialized(EventArgs e)
{
  AllowsTransparency    = false;
  ResizeMode            = ResizeMode.NoResize;
  Height                = 480;
  Width                 = 852; 
  WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.CenterScreen;
  WindowStyle           = WindowStyle.None;

  SourceInitialized    += HandleSourceInitialized;

  base.OnInitialized(e);
}
   
/// <summary>
/// Handles the source initialized.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender">The sender.</param>
/// <param name="e">The <see cref="System.EventArgs"/>
/// instance containing the event data.</param>
private void HandleSourceInitialized(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
  m_hwndSource = (HwndSource)PresentationSource.FromVisual(this);

  // Returns the HwndSource object for the window
  // which presents WPF content in a Win32 window.
  HwndSource.FromHwnd(m_hwndSource.Handle).AddHook(
      new HwndSourceHook(NativeMethods.WindowProc));

  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa969524(VS.85).aspx
  Int32 DWMWA_NCRENDERING_POLICY = 2;
  NativeMethods.DwmSetWindowAttribute(
      m_hwndSource.Handle,
      DWMWA_NCRENDERING_POLICY,
      ref DWMWA_NCRENDERING_POLICY,
      4);

  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa969512(VS.85).aspx
  NativeMethods.ShowShadowUnderWindow(m_hwndSource.Handle);
}

无阴影的窗体

有阴影的窗体

翻译于 2012/11/27 17:17

顶

第二种方法就是使用四个外部的透明窗体来制造了阴影的假象，如下图所示

1，用代码的方式创建一个透明的窗体

2，找到Main Window 在屏幕上的坐标，尤其是左上角

3，计算4个透明窗口的坐标

4，当我们移动Main Window时，4个边框透明窗口也需要跟着移动

5，当我们重新设定 Main Window大小时，4个边框透明窗口也要跟着变化大小。

说这么多看上去好像很难，来让我们看看实现的代码吧。

创建透明窗体的代码

/// <summary>
/// Initializes the surrounding windows.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeSurrounds()
{
  // Top.
  m_wndT = CreateTransparentWindow();

  // Left.
  m_wndL = CreateTransparentWindow();

  // Bottom.
  m_wndB = CreateTransparentWindow();

  // Right.
  m_wndR = CreateTransparentWindow();

  SetSurroundShadows();
}
   
/// <summary>
/// Creates an empty window.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static Window CreateTransparentWindow()
{
  Window wnd             = new Window();
  wnd.AllowsTransparency = true;
  wnd.ShowInTaskbar      = false;
  wnd.WindowStyle        = WindowStyle.None;
  wnd.Background         = null;

  return wnd;
}

/// <summary>
/// Sets the artificial drop shadow.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="active">if set to <c>true</c> [active].</param>
private void SetSurroundShadows(Boolean active = true)
{
  if (active)
  {
      Double cornerRadius = 1.75;

      m_wndT.Content = GetDecorator(
          "Images/ACTIVESHADOWTOP.PNG");
      m_wndL.Content = GetDecorator(
          "Images/ACTIVESHADOWLEFT.PNG", cornerRadius);
      m_wndB.Content = GetDecorator(
          "Images/ACTIVESHADOWBOTTOM.PNG");
      m_wndR.Content = GetDecorator(
          "Images/ACTIVESHADOWRIGHT.PNG", cornerRadius);
  }
  else
  {
      m_wndT.Content = GetDecorator(
          "Images/INACTIVESHADOWTOP.PNG");
      m_wndL.Content = GetDecorator(
          "Images/INACTIVESHADOWLEFT.PNG");
      m_wndB.Content = GetDecorator(
          "Images/INACTIVESHADOWBOTTOM.PNG");
      m_wndR.Content = GetDecorator(
          "Images/INACTIVESHADOWRIGHT.PNG");
  }
}

[DebuggerStepThrough]
private Decorator GetDecorator(String imageUri, Double radius = 0)
{
  Border border       = new Border();
  border.CornerRadius = new CornerRadius(radius);
  border.Background   = new ImageBrush(
      new BitmapImage(
          new Uri(BaseUriHelper.GetBaseUri(this),
              imageUri)));

  return border;
}

计算位置高度的代码

/// <summary>
/// Raises the <see cref="FrameworkElement.Initialized"/> event.
/// This method is invoked whenever
/// <see cref="FrameworkElement.IsInitialized"/>
/// is set to true internally.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="e">The <see cref="T:RoutedEventArgs"/>
/// that contains the event data.</param>
protected override void OnInitialized(EventArgs e)
{
  // ...

  LocationChanged += HandleLocationChanged;
  SizeChanged     += HandleLocationChanged;
  StateChanged    += HandleWndStateChanged;

  InitializeSurrounds();
  ShowSurrounds();

  base.OnInitialized(e);
}
   
/// <summary>
/// Handles the location changed.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender">The sender.</param>
/// <param name="e">The <see cref="System.EventArgs"/>
/// instance containing the event data.</param>
private void HandleLocationChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
  m_wndT.Left   = Left  - c_edgeWndSize;
  m_wndT.Top    = Top   - m_wndT.Height;
  m_wndT.Width  = Width + c_edgeWndSize * 2;
  m_wndT.Height = c_edgeWndSize;

  m_wndL.Left   = Left - m_wndL.Width;
  m_wndL.Top    = Top;
  m_wndL.Width  = c_edgeWndSize;
  m_wndL.Height = Height;

  m_wndB.Left   = Left  - c_edgeWndSize;
  m_wndB.Top    = Top   + Height;
  m_wndB.Width  = Width + c_edgeWndSize * 2;
  m_wndB.Height = c_edgeWndSize;

  m_wndR.Left   = Left + Width;
  m_wndR.Top    = Top;
  m_wndR.Width  = c_edgeWndSize;
  m_wndR.Height = Height;
}
   
/// <summary>
/// Handles the windows state changed.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender">The sender.</param>
/// <param name="e">The <see cref="System.EventArgs"/>
/// instance containing the event data.</param>
private void HandleWndStateChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
  if (WindowState == WindowState.Normal)
  {
      ShowSurrounds();
  }
  else
  {
      HideSurrounds();
  }
}