MongDB集群容灾方案步骤

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MongoDB复制集
优/特点
支持大数据量、高扩展性、高性能、灵活数据模型、高可用性。
同步机制
数据复制的目的是使数据得到最大的可用性，避免单点故障引起的整站不能访问的情况的发生，Mongodb的副本集在同一时刻只有一台服务器是可以写的，副本集的主从复制也是一个异步同步的过程，是slave端从primary端获取日志，然后在自己身上完全顺序的执行日志所记录的各种操作（该日志是不记录查询操作的），这个日志就是local数据库中的oplog.rs表，默认在64位机器上这个表是比较大的，占磁盘大小的5%，oplog.rs的大小可以在启动参数中设定：--oplogSize 1000,单位是M。

鉴于双机房容灾意外情况可能放生，本方案选择故障时人工介入转移或恢复，不加入仲裁节点。其中A机房为主机房一个primary+2个Secondary节点，B机房作为灾备机房，2个Secondary节点。最坏当主机房挂掉时通过权重来启动B机房某节点为Primary，继续提供服务。
环境规划
A机房 角色 B机房 角色
192.168.70.214 Primary 192.168.71.214 Secondary 3 复制集节点 3
192.168.70.215 Secondary 1 复制集节点 1 192.168.71.215 Secondary 4 复制集节点 4
192.168.70.216 Secondary 2 复制集节点 2

架构示意图
其中下面是主机房断电断网时的故障转移示意图。

安装配置
这里所有节点目录创建一致，方便管理维护，从配置文件来判断各节点的角色。
创建目录
--为MongoDB创建软件、数据、日志目录，默认情况下它将数据存储在/mgdata
[root@test153 /]# mkdir -p /mgdb/mongodbtest/replset/data
[root@test153 /]# mkdir /mgdata
[root@test153 /]# mkdir /mglog

上传介质
sftp> cd /mgdb
sftp> put mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.2.3.tgz.tar

解压
[root@test153 /]# cd /mgdb
$ tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.2.3.tgz.tar
[root@test153 mgdb]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.2.3 mongodb

服务启动
每个节点都要执行
cd /root/mongodb/bin

192.168.70.214
/root/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet repset --port 27017 --dbpath /root/data27011 --oplogSize 2048 --logpath /root/log27011/log27011.log &
./mongo 192.168.70.214:27017

192.168.70.215
/root/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet repset --port 27017 --dbpath /root/data27012 --oplogSize 2048 --logpath /root/log27012/log27012.log &
./mongo 192.168.70.215:27017

192.168.70.216
/root/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet repset --port 27017 --dbpath /root/data27013 --oplogSize 2048 --logpath /root/log27013/log27013.log &
./mongo 192.168.70.216:27017

192.168.71.214
/root/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet repset --port 27017 --dbpath /root/data27017 --oplogSize 2048 --logpath /root/log27017/log27017.log &
./mongo 192.168.71.214:27017

192.168.71.215
/root/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet repset --port 27017 --dbpath /root/data27018 --oplogSize 2048 --logpath /root/log27018/log27018.log &
./mongo 192.168.71.215:27017

分别通过 tail -f /root/log27011/log27011.log 来观察分析个节点运行情况
复制集配置
在任何一台mongodb实例上登录，进入admin库，执行config命令，配置相应权重
[root@localhost bin]# pwd
/root/mongodb/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongo 192.168.70.214:27017
MongoDB shell version: 2.2.3
connecting to: test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = { _id:"repset", members:[
... {_id:0,host:"192.168.70.214:27017",priority:10},
... {_id:1,host:"192.168.70.215:27017",priority:7},
... {_id:2,host:"192.168.70.216:27017",priority:6},
... {_id:3,host:"192.168.71.214:27017",priority:9}]
... {_id:4,host:"192.168.71.215:27017",priority:8}]
... }
{
"_id" : "repset",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.70.214:27017",
"priority" : 10
},
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.70.215:27017",
"priority" : 7
},
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.70.216:27017",
"priority" : 6
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"priority" : 9
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"priority" : 8
}
]
}
--查看
repset:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
{
"_id" : "repset",
"version" : 38349,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"host" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"priority" : 9
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"host" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"priority" : 8
},
{
"_id" : 6,
"host" : "192.168.70.214:27017",
"priority" : 10
},
{
"_id" : 7,
"host" : "192.168.70.215:27017",
"priority" : 7
},
{
"_id" : 8,
"host" : "192.168.70.216:27017",
"priority" : 6
}
]
}
初始化副本集配置
> rs.initiate(config);
{
"info" : "Config now saved locally. Should come online in about a minute.",
"ok" : 1
}
初始需要一点时间同步
查看集群节点状态
repset:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "repset",
"date" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:55:04Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"name" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1104,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541749003000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:36:43Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:55:03Z"),
"pingMs" : 0
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"name" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1104,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541749003000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:36:43Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:55:03Z"),
"pingMs" : 0
},
{
"_id" : 6,
"name" : "192.168.70.214:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 1680,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541749003000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:36:43Z"),
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 7,
"name" : "192.168.70.215:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1104,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541749003000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:36:43Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:55:03Z"),
"pingMs" : 0
},
{
"_id" : 8,
"name" : "192.168.70.216:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1104,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541749003000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:36:43Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:55:03Z"),
"pingMs" : 0
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
repset:PRIMARY>

查看后台日志
[root@oracle_master ~]# tail -f /mgdata/mongodb/log27017/mongod.log
验证复制集数据一致性
先进去主库primary的mongodb上，录入数据
如
repset:PRIMARY> use dinpay
switched to db dinpay
repset:PRIMARY> db.dinpay.insert({"test1108":"xiawu1"})
repset:PRIMARY> db.getMongo().setSlaveOk();

去另一个备库上验证数据
repset:SECONDARY> db.dinpay.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bd676e97e238f7b0dddfb0d"), "MongoDB TEST" : "dinpay" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bd823b65b237ec32e664db2"), "mdbtest" : "zgy20181030" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5be53e2c60074628c8509830"), "test1108" : "xiawu1" }

断电断网模拟
断电：直接kill mongdb进程
断网：开启某一机房的防火墙限制机房间通讯
B机房断电断网
192.168.71.214、192.16871.215断电断网 后个节点状态
repset:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "repset",
"date" : ISODate("2018-11-09T08:02:36Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"name" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"health" : 0,
"state" : 8,
"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
"uptime" : 0,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541750316000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:58:36Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T08:01:59Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"errmsg" : "socket exception [CONNECT_ERROR] for 192.168.71.214:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"name" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"health" : 0,
"state" : 8,
"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
"uptime" : 0,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541750316000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:58:36Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T08:01:57Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"errmsg" : "socket exception [CONNECT_ERROR] for 192.168.71.215:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 6,
"name" : "192.168.70.214:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 2132,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541750316000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:58:36Z"),
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 7,
"name" : "192.168.70.215:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1556,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541750316000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:58:36Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T08:02:35Z"),
"pingMs" : 0
},
{
"_id" : 8,
"name" : "192.168.70.216:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1556,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541750316000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-09T07:58:36Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T08:02:35Z"),
"pingMs" : 0
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
repset:PRIMARY>

结论：A机房运行正常。
A机房断电断网
192.168.70.214(PRI)、192.168.70.215、192.168.70.216

登录B机房任一台节点强制reconfig恢复副本集，仅保留活动着的节点
repset:SECONDARY> use admin
switched to db admin
--查看现有配置，其中70网段3个节点都已死掉了
repset:SECONDARY> cfg=rs.conf()
{
"_id" : "repset",
"version" : 79,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"host" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"priority" : 10
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"host" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"priority" : 9
},
{
"_id" : 7,
"host" : "192.168.70.214:27017",
"priority" : 11
},
{
"_id" : 8,
"host" : "192.168.70.215:27017",
"priority" : 6
},
{
"_id" : 13,
"host" : "192.168.70.216:27017",
"priority" : 5
}
]
}
--只保留活着的节点
repset:SECONDARY> cfg.members = [cfg.members[0], cfg.members[1]]
[
{
"_id" : 4,
"host" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"priority" : 10
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"host" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"priority" : 9
}
]
--强制启动并新产生一个PRIMARY组成2节点的备份集
repset:SECONDARY> rs.reconfig(cfg, {force :true })
{ "ok" : 1 }
repset:SECONDARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "repset",
"date" : ISODate("2018-11-09T03:45:29Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"name" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 69133,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541663971000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-08T07:59:31Z"),
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"name" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 8,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541663971000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-08T07:59:31Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-09T03:45:29Z"),
"pingMs" : 0
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
repset:PRIMARY>
--检查数据，先前数据仍存在
repset:PRIMARY> use test
switched to db test
repset:PRIMARY> show collections
system.indexes
test
Testdb
--状态查询
repset:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
{
"_id" : "repset",
"version" : 38342,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"host" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"priority" : 10
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"host" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"priority" : 9
}
]
}

结论：B机房强制启动，变成新的备份集
尽管已产生新的备份集，但不能保证断电断网瞬间存在旧PRIMARY未同步至各从节点而导致数据丢失的可能性。

恢复初始状态
Kill并重启A机房个节点mongdb

192.168.70.214
/root/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet repset --port 27017 --dbpath /root/data27011 --oplogSize 2048 --logpath /root/log27011/log27011.log &
192.168.70.215
/root/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet repset --port 27017 --dbpath /root/data27012 --oplogSize 2048 --logpath /root/log27012/log27012.log &
192.168.70.216
/root/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet repset --port 27017 --dbpath /root/data27013 --oplogSize 2048 --logpath /root/log27013/log27013.log &

将A机房个节点加入新备份集（B机房），并对A机房某节点提权升为新的PRIMARY，恢复至断电断网前的状态
epset:PRIMARY> use admin
switched to db admin
repset:PRIMARY> cfg=rs.conf()
repset:PRIMARY> cfg.members[XX].priority = 8
8
repset:PRIMARY> rs.reconfig(cfg)

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
主机房挂了再恢复测试。。。比上面恢复详细
--A机房(主机房) 192.168.70.214（主）/192.168.70.215/192.168.70.216断电断网，B机房强制重启后成为了新的集群，现在将2机房重新回到初始状态，首先要确认之前各节点都是什么角色
--加节点
--设权重
repset:PRIMARY> use admin
switched to db admin
repset:PRIMARY> rs.add("192.168.70.214:27017")
{ "ok" : 1 }
repset:PRIMARY> rs.add("192.168.70.215:27017")
{ "ok" : 1 }
repset:PRIMARY> rs.add("192.168.70.216:27017")
{ "ok" : 1 }
repset:PRIMARY>
repset:PRIMARY> cfg=rs.conf()
{
"_id" : "repset",
"version" : 63044,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"host" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"priority" : 9
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"host" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"priority" : 8
},
{
"_id" : 6,
"host" : "192.168.70.214:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 7,
"host" : "192.168.70.215:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 8,
"host" : "192.168.70.216:27017"
}
]
}
repset:PRIMARY> cfg.members[2].priority = 11
11
repset:PRIMARY> cfg.members[3].priority = 6
6
repset:PRIMARY> cfg.members[4].priority = 5
5
repset:PRIMARY> rs.reconfig(cfg)
Mon Nov 12 16:04:10 DBClientCursor::init call() failed
Mon Nov 12 16:04:10 query failed : admin.$cmd { replSetReconfig: { _id: "repset", version: 63045, members: [ { _id: 4, host: "192.168.71.214:27017", priority: 9.0 }, { _id: 5, host: "192.168.71.215:27017", priority: 8.0 }, { _id: 6, host: "192.168.70.214:27017", priority: 11.0 }, { _id: 7, host: "192.168.70.215:27017", priority: 6.0 }, { _id: 8, host: "192.168.70.216:27017", priority: 5.0 } ] } } to: 192.168.71.214:27017
Mon Nov 12 16:04:10 trying reconnect to 192.168.71.214:27017
Mon Nov 12 16:04:10 reconnect 192.168.71.214:27017 ok
reconnected to server after rs command (which is normal)

repset:PRIMARY>
Mon Nov 12 16:04:29 Socket recv() errno:104 Connection reset by peer 192.168.71.214:27017
Mon Nov 12 16:04:29 SocketException: remote: 192.168.71.214:27017 error: 9001 socket exception [1] server [192.168.71.214:27017]
Mon Nov 12 16:04:29 DBClientCursor::init call() failed
Mon Nov 12 16:04:29 query failed : admin.$cmd { replSetGetStatus: 1.0, forShell: 1.0 } to: 192.168.71.214:27017
>
Mon Nov 12 16:04:37 trying reconnect to 192.168.71.214:27017
Mon Nov 12 16:04:37 reconnect 192.168.71.214:27017 ok
repset:SECONDARY>
repset:SECONDARY> rs.conf()
{
"_id" : "repset",
"version" : 63045,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"host" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"priority" : 9
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"host" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"priority" : 8
},
{
"_id" : 6,
"host" : "192.168.70.214:27017",
"priority" : 11
},
{
"_id" : 7,
"host" : "192.168.70.215:27017",
"priority" : 6
},
{
"_id" : 8,
"host" : "192.168.70.216:27017",
"priority" : 5
}
]
}
repset:SECONDARY>
repset:SECONDARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "repset",
"date" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:05:16Z"),
"myState" : 2,
"syncingTo" : "192.168.70.214:27017",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 4,
"name" : "192.168.71.214:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 19426,
"optime" : Timestamp(1542009850000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:04:10Z"),
"errmsg" : "syncing to: 192.168.70.214:27017",
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 5,
"name" : "192.168.71.215:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 50,
"optime" : Timestamp(1542009850000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:04:10Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:05:14Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"errmsg" : "syncing to: 192.168.70.214:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 6,
"name" : "192.168.70.214:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 64,
"optime" : Timestamp(1542009850000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:04:10Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:05:14Z"),
"pingMs" : 1
},
{
"_id" : 7,
"name" : "192.168.70.215:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 64,
"optime" : Timestamp(1542009850000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:04:10Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:05:14Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"errmsg" : "syncing to: 192.168.70.214:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 8,
"name" : "192.168.70.216:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 64,
"optime" : Timestamp(1542009850000, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:04:10Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-12T08:05:14Z"),
"pingMs" : 1,
"errmsg" : "syncing to: 192.168.70.214:27017"
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
repset:SECONDARY>

MongDB集群容灾方案步骤

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ritchy/p/9983632.html