标签:临时 单条件 rom 空字符串 查询 update 字段 宽度 col
创建表
create table 表名(字结 类型(宽度) 限制条件)
create table employee( id int not null unique auto_increment, emp_name varchar(20) not null, sex enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) not null default ‘male‘, #大部分是男的 age int(3) unsigned not null default 28, hire_date date not null, post varchar(50), post_comment varchar(100), salary double(15,2), office int, #一个部门一个屋子 depart_id int );
查看表结构
desc 表名;
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | emp_name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) | NO | | male | | | age | int(3) unsigned | NO | | 28 | | | hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | | | post | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | post_comment | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | salary | double(15,2) | YES | | NULL | | | office | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | depart_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
插入记录
insert into 表名 values(按表结构添加)
#三个部门:教学,销售,运营 insert into employee(emp_name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values (‘egon‘,‘male‘,18,‘20170301‘,‘老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使‘,7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部 (‘alex‘,‘male‘,78,‘20150302‘,‘teacher‘,1000000.31,401,1), (‘wupeiqi‘,‘male‘,81,‘20130305‘,‘teacher‘,8300,401,1), (‘yuanhao‘,‘male‘,73,‘20140701‘,‘teacher‘,3500,401,1), (‘liwenzhou‘,‘male‘,28,‘20121101‘,‘teacher‘,2100,401,1), (‘jingliyang‘,‘female‘,18,‘20110211‘,‘teacher‘,9000,401,1), (‘jinxin‘,‘male‘,18,‘19000301‘,‘teacher‘,30000,401,1), (‘成龙‘,‘male‘,48,‘20101111‘,‘teacher‘,10000,401,1), (‘歪歪‘,‘female‘,48,‘20150311‘,‘sale‘,3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门 (‘丫丫‘,‘female‘,38,‘20101101‘,‘sale‘,2000.35,402,2), (‘丁丁‘,‘female‘,18,‘20110312‘,‘sale‘,1000.37,402,2), (‘星星‘,‘female‘,18,‘20160513‘,‘sale‘,3000.29,402,2), (‘格格‘,‘female‘,28,‘20170127‘,‘sale‘,4000.33,402,2), (‘张野‘,‘male‘,28,‘20160311‘,‘operation‘,10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门 (‘程咬金‘,‘male‘,18,‘19970312‘,‘operation‘,20000,403,3), (‘程咬银‘,‘female‘,18,‘20130311‘,‘operation‘,19000,403,3), (‘程咬铜‘,‘male‘,18,‘20150411‘,‘operation‘,18000,403,3), (‘程咬铁‘,‘female‘,18,‘20140512‘,‘operation‘,17000,403,3) ;
简单查询
select * from 表名; #查看表所有的内容
select 字结,字结2.... from 表; #查看表中是字结1、字结2、...的内容
避免重复
distinct
select distinct 字结 from 表名; 查看表中字结有几个类型
通过四则运算查询
select 字结,(字结+、-、*、/) from 表名; #表通过一个字结加减乘除一个数或者字结查询想要的结果
select 字结,(字结+、-、*、/)as 另一个名字 from 表名; #表通过一个字结加减乘除一个数或者字结查询想要的结果 ,字结名临时使用另一个名字。
select 字结,(字结+、-、*、/) 另一个名字 from 表名; #表通过一个字结加减乘除一个数或者字结查询想要的结果 ,字结名临时使用另一个名字。
定义显示格式
concat()函数用于连接字符串
select concat(‘姓名: ‘,emp_name,‘ 年薪: ‘, salary*12) as Annual_salary from 表名;
concat_ws() 第一个参数为分隔符
select concat_ws(‘:‘,emp_name,salary*12) as Annual_salary from 表名;
结合case语句:
selcet ( case when emp_name = ‘jingliyang‘ then emp_name when emp_name = ‘alex‘ then concat(emp_name,‘_BIGSB‘) esel concat(emp_name, ‘SB‘) end ) as new_name from emp;
where约束
where 语句中可以使用:
1. 比较运算符:> < >= <= <> !=
2. between 80 and 100 值在10到20之间
3. in(80,90,100) 值是10或20或30
4. like ‘egon%‘
pattern可以是%或_,
%表示任意多字符
_表示一个字符
5. 逻辑运算符:在多个条件直接可以使用逻辑运算符 and or not
#1.单条件查询
select 字段名 from 表名 where 条件; #显示满足条件的字段
#2.多条件查询
select 字段名 from 表名 where 条件 and 条件; #显示两个条件都满足的字段
#3.关键字 between and
select 字段名1 from 表名 where 字段名2 between 100 and 200; #显示字段2 100和200之间的字段1
select 字段名1 from 表名 where 字段名2 not between 100 and 200; #显示不在字段2 100和200之间的字段1
#4.关键字is null(判断某个字段是否为null不能用等号,需要用is)
SELECT emp_name,post_comment FROM employee WHERE post_comment IS NULL; SELECT emp_name,post_comment FROM employee WHERE post_comment IS NOT NULL; SELECT emp_name,post_comment FROM employee WHERE post_comment=‘‘; 注意‘‘是空字符串,不是null ps: 执行 update employee set post_comment=‘‘ where id=2; 再用上条查看,就会有结果了 #5:关键字IN集合查询 SELECT emp_name,salary FROM employee WHERE salary=3000 OR salary=3500 OR salary=4000 OR salary=9000 ; SELECT emp_name,salary FROM employee WHERE salary IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ; SELECT emp_name,salary FROM employee WHERE salary NOT IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ; #6:关键字LIKE模糊查询 通配符’%’ SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name LIKE ‘eg%‘; 通配符’_’ SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name LIKE ‘al__‘;
group by
单独使用GROUP BY关键字分组 SELECT post FROM employee GROUP BY post; 注意:我们按照post字段分组,那么select查询的字段只能是post,想要获取组内的其他相关信息,需要借助函数 GROUP BY关键字和GROUP_CONCAT()函数一起使用 SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(emp_name) FROM employee GROUP BY post;#按照岗位分组,并查看组内成员名 SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(emp_name) as emp_members FROM employee GROUP BY post; GROUP BY与聚合函数一起使用 select post,count(id) as count from employee group by post;#按照岗位分组,并查看每个组有多少人
聚合函数
#强调:聚合函数聚合的是组的内容,若是没有分组,则默认一组 示例: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee; SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=1; SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee; SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee; SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee; SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee; SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=3;
having过滤
HAVING与WHERE不一样的地方在于!!!!!!
#!!!执行优先级从高到低:where > group by > having #1. Where 发生在分组group by之前,因而Where中可以有任意字段,但是绝对不能使用聚合函数。 #2. Having发生在分组group by之后,因而Having中可以使用分组的字段,无法直接取到其他字段,可以使用聚合函数
order by查询排序
按单列排序 SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary; SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary ASC; SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC; 按多列排序:先按照age排序,如果年纪相同,则按照薪资排序 SELECT * from employee ORDER BY age, salary DESC;
示例: SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 3; #默认初始位置为0 SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 0,5; #从第0开始,即先查询出第一条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条 SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5,5; #从第5开始,即先查询出第6条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP ‘^ale‘; SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP ‘on$‘; SELECT * FROM employee WHERE emp_name REGEXP ‘m{2}‘;
标签:临时 单条件 rom 空字符串 查询 update 字段 宽度 col
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hahahu/p/10145398.html