python发送网络请求

from urllib.request import urlopen
url = ‘http://www.nnzhp.cn‘
print(urlopen(url))#返回http.client.HTTPResponse object at 0x00000235BA25A160
print(urlopen(url).read().decode())#返回get到的页面的源代码
# decode是将base类型转为encoding 指定的编码格式解码字符串，不指定则转为默认编码，如utf-8

from urllib.request import urlopen
from urllib.parse import urlencode

url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8999/api/login‘
data = {‘username‘:‘testuser1‘,‘passwd‘:‘111111‘}
s = urlencode(data)
res = urlopen(url,s.encode()) #post请求
print(res.read().decode())

#最后print返回数据未请求返回数据
{
    "code": 2,
    "msg": "用户不存在"
}

import requests

url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8999/api/login‘
data = {‘username‘:‘testuser1‘,‘passwd‘:‘111111‘}
r = requests.get(url,params=data) #发get请求
print(r)#返回<Response [200]>
print(r.json())#将返回的json串转为字典
print(r.text)#返回get到的页面的返回数据

<Response [200]>
{‘code‘: 2, ‘msg‘: ‘用户不存在‘}
{
    "code": 2,
    "msg": "用户不存在"
}

import  requests
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 发送post请求--带参数（字典格式）
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url1 = ‘http://127.0.0.1/api/user/login‘
data = {‘username‘:‘testuser1‘,‘passwd‘:‘111111‘}
res = requests.post(url1,data=data)#data可以直接传字典
print(‘2.1=====‘,res)
print(‘2.2=====‘,res.json())#返回结果不需要decode,也可以直接通过json()转成字典
print(‘2.3=====‘,res.text)

import  requests
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 发送post请求--带参数（json格式）
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url3= ‘http://127.0.0.1/api/user/add_stu‘
data = {"name":"request_name","grade":"3","sex":"男","age":28,"addr":"河南省"}
res = requests.post(url3,json=data)#注意，这里的data是字典格式！之所以json=data，是因为请求报文要求入参是json格式，requests模块会自己将data字典转成json格式再发送请求
print(‘3.1=====‘,res)
print(‘3.2=====‘,res.json())
print(‘3.3=====‘,res.text)

import  requests
#获取cookie值
url= ‘http://127.0.0.1/api/user/login‘
data = {‘username‘:‘testuser1‘,‘passwd‘:‘111111‘}
res = requests.post(url,data=data)
result = res.json()
print(‘4.0=====‘,result)
sign = result.get(‘login_info‘).get(‘sign‘)
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 发送cookie
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url4= ‘http://127.0.0.1/api/user/gold_add‘
data = {‘stu_id‘:15,‘gold‘:1000}
cookie ={‘testuser1‘:sign}
res = requests.post(url4,data=data ,cookies=cookie)#data是字典
print(‘4.1=====‘,res)
print(‘4.2=====‘,res.json())
print(‘4.2=====‘,res.text)

import  requests
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 发送header
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url5 = ‘http://127.0.0.1/api/user/all_stu‘
header = {‘Referer‘:‘http://api.nnzhp.cn/‘}
res = requests.get(url5,headers=header)#传header
print(‘5.1=====‘,res)
print(‘5.2=====‘,res.json())
print(‘5.3=====‘,res.text)
res = requests.get(url5)#不传header
print(‘5.4=====‘,res.json())

requests.get(url,headers={‘cookie‘:‘pt2gguin=o0511402865; RK=JQZpwBp1by; ‘
                                   ‘ptcz=6c30e26a9ed6be93d3de9e4c4aca3e55650cf99fcffa64729bd1d58a5fb209d9; ‘
                                   ‘pgv_pvi=779236352; pgv_pvid=6970909788; qb_qua=; qb_guid=818de686e29d412fa4ee9e99905ea166; ‘
                                   ‘Q-H5-GUID=818de686e29d412fa4ee9e99905ea166; NetType=; pgv_si=s4499960832; ‘
                                   ‘FTN5K=0138ca95; pgv_info=ssid=s4269564370; luin=o0511402865; uin=o0511402865; ‘
                                   ‘lskey=00010000efc2701412d3429029ac9366e4ba98f0e978e0ae4a9c684101a7b22df0695f534bc242c8d4ff386d; ‘
                                   ‘skey=@0sHtvhTsD; ptisp=cnc; p_uin=o0511402865; pt4_token=wGU2YAaM0uu7LbcNjuDcLN-TPrEy7AZw4gcL5TEcKxw_; ‘
                                   ‘p_skey=1zg7yvF5wr6l43mfr-BvNHxuVDtybKpR5RbCrgC8weQ_‘})#cookie传入，直接拷贝进去


requests.get(url,cookies={‘pt2ggui‘:‘o0511402865‘,‘RK‘:‘JQZpwBp1by‘})#写cookie的话，要一个个按照字典的方式写

r = requests.post(url,
                  data={‘session_id‘:‘6ab8785039dcf50fb11c53acc1db7648‘},
                  files={‘file_name‘:open(‘account.xls‘,‘rb‘)  }
                  )

import requests
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 上传文件
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url7 = ‘http://127.0.0.1/api/file/file_upload‘
data = {‘file‘:open(‘魔鬼中的天使.mp3‘,‘rb‘)}
res = requests.post(url7,files=data)#如果是https的话，要加上verfiy=False参数
print(‘3.1=====‘,res.json())

1 import requests
2 ## --------------------------------------------------------------------
3 ## 返回状态码
4 ## --------------------------------------------------------------------
5 url = ‘http://www.nnzhp.cn‘
6 res = requests.get(url)#发送get请求
7 print(‘1.1======‘,res.status_code)#获取状态码

1 1.1====== 200

import requests
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 返回二进制--流媒体
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url6 = ‘http://qiniuuwmp3.changba.com/1084511584.mp3‘
res = requests.get(url6)
with open(‘魔鬼中的天使.mp3‘,‘wb‘) as fw:#把二进制文件下载下来，写入到‘魔鬼中的天使.mp3‘
    fw.write(res.content)#res.content返回结果是二进制的,如x03\xe3\xa3\xf2......

import requests
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 返回二进制--图片
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url7 = ‘https://aliimg.changba.com/cache/photo/855e5493-f018-44db-8892-c8660649327b_640_640.jpg‘
res = requests.get(url7,verify=False)#如果是https的话，要加上verfiy=False参数
print(‘3.3=====‘,res.content)#返回结果是二进制的
with open(‘photo.jpg‘,‘wb‘) as fw:#把二进制文件下载下来，写入到‘photo.jpg‘
    fw.write(res.content)

## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 返回headers
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url = ‘http://www.nnzhp.cn‘
res = requests.get(url)#发送get请求
print(‘1.1======‘,res.headers)#获取所有cookies

import requests
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
## 返回cookie
## --------------------------------------------------------------------
url = ‘http://www.nnzhp.cn‘
res = requests.get(url)#发送get请求
print(‘1.1======‘,res.cookies)#获取所有cookies