[Linux]常用命令与目录全拼

命令缩写：

ls：list(列出目录内容)

cd：Change Directory（改变目录）

su:switch user 切换用户

rpm:redhat package manager 红帽子打包管理器

pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径

ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器) 常用参数：－auxf

ps -auxf 显示进程状态

df: disk free其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告

在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。

rpm： 即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一

rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）

rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）

cat: concatenate连锁 cat file1file2>>file3把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3

中

insmod: install module,载入模块

ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式

mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录

touch

man: Manual

pwd：Print working directory

su：Swith user

cd：Change directory

ls：List files

ps：Process Status

mkdir：Make directory

rmdir：Remove directory

mkfs: Make file system

fsck：File system check

cat: Concatenate

uname: Unix name

df: Disk free

du: Disk usage

lsmod: List modules

mv: Move file

rm: Remove file

cp: Copy file

ln: Link files

fg: Foreground

bg: Background

chown: Change owner

chgrp: Change group

chmod: Change mode

umount: Unmount

dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表

“CComplier”，所以命名为“dd”

tar：Tape archive

ldd：List dynamic dependencies

insmod：Install module

rmmod：Remove module

lsmod：List module

文件结尾的”rc”（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration

Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx

（服务标识）

.a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library

.so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library

.o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file

RPM：Red hat package manager

dpkg：Debian package manager

apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）

部分Linux命令缩写

bin = BINaries 存放所有用户可以执行的命令

/dev = DEVices

/etc = ETCetera （n.附加的人；附加物；以及其他；）存放系统配置文件

/lib = LIBrary

/proc = PROCesses 在内存中的虚拟文件系统

/sbin = Superuser BINaries 存放root可以执行的命令

/tmp = TeMPorary

/usr = Unix Shared Resources 存放所有命令、库、手册等共享资源

/var = VARiable ? 包含经常发生变动的文件，如邮件、日志文件、计划任务等

/mnt = mount 临时文件系统的安装点

/boot 内核文件及自举程序文件保存位置

FIFO = First In, First Out

GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader

IFS = Internal Field Seperators

LILO = LInux LOader

MySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured QueryLanguage

PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor

PS = Prompt String

Perl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language” =”Pathologically Eclectic

Rubbish Lister”

Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus

Tcl = Tool Command Language

Tk = ToolKit

VT = Video Terminal

YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool

apache = “a patchy” server

apt = Advanced Packaging Tool

ar = archiver

as = assembler

awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三个作者的姓的第一个字母

bash = Bourne Again SHell

bc = Basic (Better) Calculator

bg = BackGround

biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。

cal = CALendar

cat = CATenate

cd = Change Directory

chgrp = CHange GRouP

chmod = CHange MODe

chown = CHange OWNer

chsh = CHange SHell

cmp = compare

cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture

comm = common

cp = CoPy

cpio = CoPy In and Out

cpp = C Pre Processor

cron = Chronos 希腊文时间

cups = Common Unix Printing System

cvs = Current Version System

daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor

dc = Desk Calculator

dd = Disk Dump

df = Disk Free

diff = DIFFerence

dmesg = diagnostic message

du = Disk Usage

ed = editor

egrep = Extended GREP

elf = Extensible Linking Format

elm = ELectronic Mail

emacs = Editor MACroS

eval = EVALuate

ex = EXtended

exec = EXECute

fd = file descriptors

fg = ForeGround

fgrep = Fixed GREP

fmt = format

fsck = File System ChecK

fstab = FileSystem TABle

fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager

gawk = GNU AWK

gpg = GNU Privacy Guard

groff = GNU troff

hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer

joe = Joe’s Own Editor

ksh = Korn SHell

lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder

lex = LEXical analyser

lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses

ln = LiNk

lpr = Line PRint

ls = list

lsof = LiSt Open Files

m4 = Macro processor Version 4

man = MANual pages

mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK

mc = Midnight Commander

mkfs = MaKe FileSystem

mknod = MaKe NODe

motd = Message of The Day

mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa

mtab = Mount TABle

mv = MoVe

nano = Nano’s ANOther editor

nawk = New AWK

nl = Number of Lines

nm = names

nohup = No HangUP

nroff = New ROFF

od = Octal Dump

passwd = PASSWorD

pg = pager

pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor

pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”

ping = 拟声 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper

pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability

popd = POP Directory

pr = pre

printf = PRINT Formatted

ps = Processes Status

pty = pseudo tty

pushd = PUSH Directory

pwd = Print Working Directory

rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell

rev = REVerse

rm = ReMove

rn = Read News

roff = RunOFF

rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager

rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote

rxvt = ouR XVT

seamoneky = 我

sed = Stream EDitor

seq = SEQuence

shar = SHell ARchive

slrn = S-Lang rn

ssh = Secure SHell

ssl = Secure Sockets Layer

stty = Set TTY

su = Substitute User

svn = SubVersioN

tar = Tape ARchive

tcsh = TENEX C shell

tee = T (T形水管接口)

telnet = TEminaL over Network

termcap = terminal capability

terminfo = terminal information

tex = τ?χνη的缩写，希腊文art

tr = traslate

troff = Typesetter new ROFF

tsort = Topological SORT

tty = TeleTypewriter

twm = Tom’s Window Manager

tz = TimeZone

udev = Userspace DEV

ulimit = User’s LIMIT

umask = User’s MASK

uniq = UNIQue

vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient

vim = Vi IMproved

wall = write all

wc = Word Count

wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator

xargs = eXtended ARGuments

xdm = X Display Manager

xlfd = X Logical Font Description

xmms = X Multimedia System

xrdb = X Resources DataBase

xwd = X Window Dump

yacc = yet another compiler compiler

Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell

su = Switch User

MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

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