Python-模块和包

print("片头曲. 啊! 啊~ 啊! 啊. 啊啊啊啊啊啊啊...")

main_person_man = "张无忌"
main_person_woman = "赵敏"

low_person_man_one = "成昆"
low_person_man_two = "周芷若"

def fight_on_light_top():
    print("光明顶大战", main_person_man, "破坏了", low_person_man_one, "的大阴谋")

def fight_in_shaolin():
    print("少林寺大战", main_person_man, "破坏了", low_person_man_two, "的大阴
谋")

import yitian

print(yitian.main_person_man) # 使用模块中定义好的名字
print(yitian.low_person_man_one)

yitian.fight_in_shaolin() # 调用模块中的函数
yitian.fight_on_light_top()

import sys
print(sys.modules.keys()) # 查看导入的模块.

import yitian # 导入模块. 此时会默认执行该模块中的代码
import yitian # 该模块已经导入过了,不会重复执行代码
import yitian
import yitian
import yitian
import yitian

print(globals())
打印结果: 
{‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘__doc__‘: None, ‘__package__‘: None,
‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at
0x10bbcf438>, ‘__spec__‘: None,  ‘__annotations__‘: {}, ‘__builtins__‘:
<module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>, ‘__file__‘:
‘/Users/sylar/PycharmProjects/oldboy/模块/模块/?庸.py‘, ‘__cached__‘: None,
‘yitian‘: <module ‘yitian‘ from ‘/Users/sylar/PycharmProjects/oldboy/模块/模
块/yitian.py‘>, ‘sys‘: <module ‘sys‘ (built-in)>}

import yitian

main_person_man = "胡一菲"
def fight_in_shaolin():
 print(main_person_man, "大战曾小贤")

print(yitian.main_person_man) # 张无忌
print(main_person_man) # 胡一菲

yitian.fight_in_shaolin() # 倚天屠龙记中的
fight_in_shaolin() # 自己的

模块 yitian 中:

print("片头曲. 啊! 啊~ 啊! 啊. 啊啊啊啊啊啊啊...")

main_person_man = "张无忌"
main_person_woman = "赵敏"

low_person_man_one = "成昆"
low_person_man_two = "周芷若"

def fight_on_light_top():

    print("光明顶大战", main_person_man, "破坏了", low_person_man_one, "的大阴谋")

def fight_in_shaolin():
    global low_person_man_two # 注意看, 此时的global是当前模块. 并不会影响
其他模块
    low_person_man_two = "战五渣"
    print("少林寺大战", main_person_man, "破坏了", low_person_man_two, "的大阴谋")

调用方: 
import yitian

low_person_man_two = "刘海柱"

yitian.fight_in_shaolin()

print(yitian.low_person_man_two) # 战五渣

print(low_person_man_two) # 刘海柱. 并没有改变当前模块中的内容. 所以模块内部的
global只是用于模块内部

金庸:
import yitian
yitian.main_person_man = "灭绝师太"

金庸二号: 
import yitian 
import 金庸

print(yitian.main_person_man) # 灭绝师太. 

金庸:
print(__name__)
# 此时如果运行该文件,则__name__是__main__

金庸二号:
import 金庸
#此时打印的结果是"金庸"

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    yitian.main_person_man = "灭绝师太" # 此时, 只有从该模块作为入口运行的时候才
会把main_person_man设置成灭绝师太
    print("哇哈哈哈哈哈") # 只有运行该模块才会打印,import的时候是不会执行这里的代
码的

import yitian as yt # 导入yitian. 但是名字被重新命名成了yt. 就好比变量赋值一样.
a = 1 b = a 

yt.fight_in_shaolin() # 此时可以正常运行
# yitian.fight_in_shaolin() # 此时程序报错. 因为引入的yitian被重命名成了yt

print(globals())
{‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘, ‘__doc__‘: None, ‘__package__‘: None,
‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at
0x103209438>, ‘__spec__‘: None, ‘__annotations__‘: {},  ‘__builtins__‘:
<module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>, ‘__file__‘:
‘/Users/sylar/PycharmProjects/oldboy/模块/模块/金庸.py‘, ‘__cached__‘: None,
‘yt‘: <module ‘yitian‘ from ‘/Users/sylar/PycharmProjects/oldboy/模块/模
块/yitian.py‘>}

import time, random, json, yitian

from yitian import fight_in_shaolin
fight_in_shaolin()

from yitian import fight_in_shaolin, fight_on_light_top, main_person_man
fight_in_shaolin()
fight_on_light_top()
print(main_person_man)

from yitian import fight_in_shaolin, fight_on_light_top, main_person_man as
big_lao
fight_in_shaolin()
fight_on_light_top()
print(big_lao)

from yitian import main_person_man
main_person_man = "超级大灭绝"
print(main_person_man)

# haha.py

__all__ = ["money", "chi"]
money = 100

def chi():
 print("我是吃")

def he():
 print("我是呵呵")

# test.py

from haha import *

chi()
print(money)
# he() # 报错

import os
os.makedirs(‘glance/api‘)
os.makedirs(‘glance/cmd‘)
os.makedirs(‘glance/db‘)
l = []
l.append(open(‘glance/__init__.py‘,‘w‘))
l.append(open(‘glance/api/__init__.py‘,‘w‘))
l.append(open(‘glance/api/policy.py‘,‘w‘))
l.append(open(‘glance/api/versions.py‘,‘w‘))
l.append(open(‘glance/cmd/__init__.py‘,‘w‘))
l.append(open(‘glance/cmd/manage.py‘,‘w‘))
l.append(open(‘glance/db/__init__.py‘,‘w‘))
l.append(open(‘glance/db/models.py‘,‘w‘))
map(lambda f:f.close() ,l)

#policy.py
def get():
    print(‘from policy.py‘)

#versions.py
def create_resource(conf):
    print(‘from version.py: ‘,conf)

#manage.py
def main():
    print(‘from manage.py‘)

#models.py
def register_models(engine):
    print(‘from models.py: ‘,engine)

import glance.db.models
glance.db.models.register_models(‘mysql‘)

from glance.api.policy import get
get()

print("我是glance的__init__.py文件. ")
x = 10
def hehe():
    print("我是呵呵")

def haha():
    print("我是哈哈")

__all__ = [‘x‘, "hehe"]

from glance import *

print(x) # OK
hehe() # OK
haha() # 报错. __all__里没有这个鬼东西

# 在glance/api/version.py

#绝对导入
from glance.cmd import manage
manage.main()

#相对导入
# 这种情形不可以在versions中启动程序.
# attempted relative import beyond top-level package
from ..cmd import manage
manage.main()

# 在policy.py
import versions

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘versions‘

# 在test.py中
import glance