标签:掌握 field name perl 介绍 含义 3.5 value int
1)通用查询日志:记录建立的客户端连接和执行的语句。
2)慢查询日志:记录所有执行时间超过long_query_time秒的所有查询或者不使用索引的查询
在学习通用日志查询时,需要知道两个数据库中的常用命令:
1) show variables like ‘%version%‘;
mysql> show variables like ‘%version%‘;
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
| innodb_version | 5.6.37 |
| protocol_version | 10 |
| slave_type_conversions | |
| version | 5.6.37-log |
| version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64 |
| version_compile_os | Linux |
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#上述命令,显示当前数据库中与版本号相关的东西。
2) show variables like ‘%general%’;
mysql> show variables like ‘%general%‘;
+------------------+-------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+-------------------------------+
| general_log | OFF |
| general_log_file | /var/lib/mysql/nginx-test.log |
+------------------+-------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#可以查看,当前的通用日志查询是否开启,如果general_log的值为ON则为开启,为OFF则为关闭(默认情况下是关闭的)。
3) show variables like ‘%log_output%’;
mysql> show variables like ‘%log_output%‘;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_output | FILE |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看当前慢查询日志输出的格式,可以是FILE(存储在数数据库的数据文件中的hostname.log),也可以是TABLE(存储在数据库中的mysql.general_log)
问题:如何开启MySQL通用查询日志,以及如何设置要输出的通用日志输出格式呢?
开启通用日志查询: set global general_log=on;
关闭通用日志查询: set global general_log=off;
设置通用日志输出为表方式: set global log_output=’TABLE’;
设置通用日志输出为文件方式: set global log_output=’FILE’;
设置通用日志输出为表和文件方式:set global log_output=’FILE,TABLE’;
#注意:上述命令只对当前生效,当MySQL重启失效,如果要永久生效,需要配置my.cnf
日志输出的效果图如下:
记录到mysql.general_log表结构如下:
mysql> desc general_log;
+--------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| event_time | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
| user_host | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
| thread_id | bigint(21) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| server_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| command_type | varchar(64) | NO | | NULL | |
| argument | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
+--------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
my.cnf文件的配置如下:
general_log=1 #为1表示开启通用日志查询,值为0表示关闭通用日志查询
log_output=FILE,TABLE#设置通用日志的输出格式为文件和表
MySQL的慢查询日志是MySQL提供的一种日志记录,用来记录在MySQL中响应时间超过阈值的语句,具体指运行时间超过long_query_time值的SQL,则会被记录到慢查询日志中(日志可以写入文件或者数据库表,如果对性能要求高的话,建议写文件)。默认情况下,MySQL数据库是不开启慢查询日志的,long_query_time的默认值为10(即10秒,通常设置为1秒),即运行10秒以上的语句是慢查询语句。
一般来说,慢查询发生在大表(比如:一个表的数据量有几百万),且查询条件的字段没有建立索引,此时,要匹配查询条件的字段会进行全表扫描,耗时查过long_query_time,则为慢查询语句。
在MySQL中输入命令:
show variables like ‘%quer%‘;
mysql> show variables like ‘%quer%‘;
+----------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| binlog_rows_query_log_events | OFF |
| ft_query_expansion_limit | 20 |
| have_query_cache | YES |
| log_queries_not_using_indexes | ON |
| log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes | 0 |
| long_query_time | 10.000000 |
| query_alloc_block_size | 8192 |
| query_cache_limit | 1048576 |
| query_cache_min_res_unit | 4096 |
| query_cache_size | 1048576 |
| query_cache_type | OFF |
| query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF |
| query_prealloc_size | 8192 |
| slow_query_log | ON |
| slow_query_log_file | /var/log/mysql/mysql_slow.log |
+----------------------------------------+-------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#主要掌握以下的几个参数:
(1)slow_query_log 的值为ON为开启慢查询日志,OFF则为关闭慢查询日志。
(2)slow_query_log_file 的值是记录的慢查询日志到文件中(注意:默认名为主机名.log,慢查询日志是否写入指定文件中,需要指定慢查询的输出日志格式为文件,相关命令为:show variables like ‘%log_output%’;去查看输出的格式)。
(3)long_query_time 指定了慢查询的阈值,即如果执行语句的时间超过该阈值则为慢查询语句,默认值为10秒。
(4)log_queries_not_using_indexes 如果值设置为ON,则会记录所有没有利用索引的查询(注意:如果只是将log_queries_not_using_indexes设置为ON,而将slow_query_log设置为OFF,此时该设置也不会生效,即该设置生效的前提是slow_query_log的值设置为ON),一般在性能调优的时候会暂时开启。
通过命令:show variables like ‘%log_output%’;
mysql> show variables like ‘%log_output%‘;
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------+
| log_output | FILE,TABLE |
+---------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
通过log_output的值可以查看到输出的格式,上面的值为FILE,TABLE。当然,我们也可以设置输出的格式为文本,或者同时记录文本和数据库表中,设置的命令如下:
#慢查询日志输出到表中(即mysql.slow_log)
set globallog_output=’TABLE’;
#慢查询日志仅输出到文本中(即:slow_query_log_file指定的文件)
setglobal log_output=’FILE’;
#慢查询日志同时输出到文本和表中
setglobal log_output=’FILE,TABLE’;
慢查询的日志记录myql.slow_log表中,格式如下:
mysql> mysql> select * from mysql.slow_log limit 1;
+---------------------+--------------------------------+------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+----------------+-----------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| start_time | user_host | query_time | lock_time | rows_sent | rows_examined | db | last_insert_id | insert_id | server_id | sql_text | thread_id |
+---------------------+--------------------------------+------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+----------------+-----------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| 2018-02-07 11:16:55 | root[root] @ [121.196.203.51] | 00:00:00 | 00:00:00 | 13 | 40 | jp_core_db | 0 | 0 | 0 | select pd.lastAuction from Product pd where pd.status = ‘O‘ and pd.auctionStatus = ‘A‘ | 1621 |
+---------------------+--------------------------------+------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+----------------+-----------+-----------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# Time: 180118 14:58:37
# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost [] Id: 150
# Query_time: 0.000270 Lock_time: 0.000109 Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 6
SET timestamp=1516258717;
delete from user where User=‘app‘;
#可以看到,不管是表还是文件,都具体记录了:是那条语句导致慢查询(sql_text),该慢查询语句的查询时间(query_time),锁表时间(Lock_time),以及扫描过的行数(rows_examined)等信息。
在MySQL中有一个变量专门记录当前慢查询语句的个数:
输入命令:show global status like ‘%slow%’;
mysql> show global status like ‘%slow%‘;
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| Slow_launch_threads | 132 |
| Slow_queries | 1772 |
+---------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(注意:上述所有命令,如果都是通过MySQL的shell将参数设置进去,如果重启MySQL,所有设置好的参数将失效,如果想要永久的生效,需要将配置参数写入my.cnf文件中)。
mysqldumpslow –s c –t 10 slow-query.log
具体参数设置如下:
-s 表示按何种方式排序,c、t、l、r分别是按照记录次数、时间、查询时间、返回的记录数来排序,ac、at、al、ar,表示相应的倒叙;
-t 表示top的意思,后面跟着的数据表示返回前面多少条;
-g 后面可以写正则表达式匹配,大小写不敏感。
[root@nginx-test /var/log/mysql]# mysqldumpslow -s c -t 2 /var/log/mysql/mysql_slow.log
Reading mysql slow query log from /var/log/mysql/mysql_slow.log
Count: 125448 Time=0.00s (131s) Lock=0.00s (3s) Rows=2.2 (272835), 2users@2hosts
select productauc0_.productAuctionId as productA1_12_, productauc0_.auctionIndex as auctionI2_12_, productauc0_.bidCoins as bidCoins3_12_, productauc0_.bidPrice as bidPrice4_12_, productauc0_.bidStep as bidStep5_12_, productauc0_.bidTime as bidTime6_12_, productauc0_.bidder as bidder7_12_, productauc0_.buyFlag as buyFlag8_12_, productauc0_.categoryCode as category9_12_, productauc0_.createTime as createT10_12_, productauc0_.currentAuctionDetailId as current11_12_, productauc0_.currentBidPrice as current12_12_, productauc0_.currentBidTime as current13_12_, productauc0_.currentBidder as current14_12_, productauc0_.effectCoin as effectC15_12_, productauc0_.effetcPoint as effetcP16_12_, productauc0_.endTime as endTime17_12_, productauc0_.newUserFlag as newUser18_12_, productauc0_.productCode as product19_12_, productauc0_.productCost as product20_12_, productauc0_.productName as product21_12_, productauc0_.productPrice as product22_12_, productauc0_.refundRate as refundR23_12_, productauc0_.startPrice as startPr24_12_, productauc0_.startTime as startTi25_12_, productauc0_.status as status26_12_, productauc0_.updateTime as updateT27_12_ from ProductAuction productauc0_ where productauc0_.status=‘S‘
Count: 66216 Time=0.00s (127s) Lock=0.00s (2s) Rows=1.7 (115074), root[root]@[121.196.203.51]
select productauc0_.productAuctionId as productA1_12_, productauc0_.auctionIndex as auctionI2_12_, productauc0_.bidCoins as bidCoins3_12_, productauc0_.bidPrice as bidPrice4_12_, productauc0_.bidStep as bidStep5_12_, productauc0_.bidTime as bidTime6_12_, productauc0_.bidder as bidder7_12_, productauc0_.buyFlag as buyFlag8_12_, productauc0_.categoryCode as category9_12_, productauc0_.createTime as createT10_12_, productauc0_.currentAuctionDetailId as current11_12_, productauc0_.currentBidPrice as current12_12_, productauc0_.currentBidTime as current13_12_, productauc0_.currentBidder as current14_12_, productauc0_.effectCoin as effectC15_12_, productauc0_.effetcPoint as effetcP16_12_, productauc0_.endTime as endTime17_12_, productauc0_.firstBidTime as firstBi18_12_, productauc0_.newUserFlag as newUser19_12_, productauc0_.noviceReturnFlag as noviceR20_12_, productauc0_.productCode as product21_12_, productauc0_.productCost as product22_12_, productauc0_.productName as product23_12_, productauc0_.productPrice as product24_12_, productauc0_.refundRate as refundR25_12_, productauc0_.startPrice as startPr26_12_, productauc0_.startTime as startTi27_12_, productauc0_.status as status28_12_, productauc0_.updateTime as updateT29_12_ from ProductAuction productauc0_ where productauc0_.status=‘S‘
上述中的参数含义如下:
Count:125448 #语句出现了125448次;
Time=0.00s(131s) #执行最长时间为0.00s,累计总耗费时间131s;
Lock=0.0s(3s) #等待锁最长时间为0s,累计等待锁耗费时间为3s;
Rows=2.2(272835) #发送给客户端最多的行数为2.2,累计发送给客户端的函数为272835
#注意:mysqldumpslow脚本是用perl语言写的,具体mysqldumpslow的用法后期再讲)
很简单,我们可以手动产生一条慢查询语句,比如,如果我们的慢查询log_query_time的值设置为1,则我们可以执行如下语句:
select sleep(1);
该条语句即是慢查询语句,之后,便可以在相应的日志输出文件或表中去查看是否有该条语句
标签:掌握 field name perl 介绍 含义 3.5 value int
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liangshaoye/p/10207287.html