标签:table 加载 gis amp roo 级别 MLOG 源码包 png
httpd是Apache超文本传输协议(HTTP)服务器的主程序。被设计为一个独立运行的后台进程,它会建立一个处理请求的子进程或线程的池。
通常,httpd不应该被直接调用,而应该在类Unix系统中由apachectl调用,在Windows中作为服务运行。
主要介绍httpd的两大版本,httpd-2.2和httpd-2.4。
httpd有很多特性,下面分别介绍httpd2.2和httpd2.4各自的特性
httpd2.2
httpd2.4
工作模型:
httpd2.4新增模块
工具 | 功能 |
---|---|
htpasswd | basic认证基于文件实现时,用到的帐号密码生成工具 |
apachectl | httpd自带的服务控制脚本,支持start,stop,restart |
apxs | 由httpd-devel包提供的,扩展httpd使用第三方模块的工具 |
rotatelogs | 日志滚动工具 |
suexec | 访问某些有特殊权限配置的资源时,临时切换至指定用户运行的工具 |
ab | apache benchmark,httpd的压力测试工具 |
文件/目录 | 对应的功能 |
---|---|
/var/log/httpd/access.log | 访问日志 |
/var/log/httpd/error_log | 错误日志 |
/var/www/html/ | 站点文档目录 |
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/ | 模块文件路径 |
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | 主配置文件 |
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf | 模块配置文件 |
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf | 辅助配置文件 |
mpm:以DSO机制提供,配置文件为/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
除了编译安装外也可以使用yum安装,这里只是为了演示一下如何编译安装httpd
httpd有三个依赖:apr-1.4+,apr-util-1.4+,[apr-icon]
安装顺序:apr -> apr-util -> httpd
#安装开发环境
[root@lynkser ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
#添加一个服务用的用户
[root@lynkser ~]# groupadd -r apache
[root@lynkser ~]# useradd -r -g apache -M -s /bin/nologin apache
#安装前置工具
[root@lynkser ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool
#下载所需的源码包,各位可以各自从常用的站点下载,我这里已经下好了
[root@lynkser ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@lynkser src]# ls
apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 debug httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2 kernels
#解压源码包
[root@lynkser src]# tar -xf apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[root@lynkser src]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@lynkser src]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
#修改一下apr的配置文件,避免出问题。
[root@lynkser src]# cd apr-1.6.3/
[root@lynkser apr-1.6.3]# vim configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
# $RM "$cfgfile" #注释掉这一行
#编译安装apr
[root@lynkser apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@lynkser apr-1.6.3]# make && make install
#编译安装apr-util
[root@lynkser apr-1.6.3]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@lynkser apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@lynkser apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
#编译安装httpd
[root@lynkser src]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.4.34/
[root@lynkser httpd-2.4.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache > --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 > --enable-so > --enable-ssl > --enable-cgi > --enable-rewrite > --with-zlib > --with-pcre > --with-apr=/usr/local/apr > --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ > --enable-modules=most > --enable-mpms-shared=all > --with-mpm=prefork
#上面整个都要输入进去,后面的列表里是我们的依赖和各种要启动和安装的模块
[root@lynkser httpd-2.4.34]# make && make install
切换使用MPM
#yum安装的情况下
[root@lynkser ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d
[root@lynkser conf.modules.d]# ls
00-base.conf 00-lua.conf 00-proxy.conf 01-cgi.conf
00-dav.conf 00-mpm.conf 00-systemd.conf
[root@lynkser conf.modules.d]# vim 00-mpm.conf
# Select the MPM module which should be used by uncommenting exactly
# one of the following LoadModule lines:
# prefork MPM: Implements a non-threaded, pre-forking web server
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/prefork.html
LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
#编译安装的情况下
[root@lynkser ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
#LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so
LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
法则 | 功能 |
---|---|
Require all granted | 允许所有主机访问 |
Require all deny | 拒绝所有主机访问 |
Require ip IPADDR | 授权指定来源地址的主机访问 |
Require not ip IPADDR | 拒绝指定来源地址的主机访问 |
Require host HOSTNAME | 授权指定来源主机名的主机访问 |
Require not host HOSTNAME | 拒绝指定来源主机名的主机访问 |
IPADDR的类型:
HOSTNAME的类型
http-2.4版本默认拒绝所有主机访问,安装后必须做显示授权访问
示例:
<Directory /var/www/html/www>
<RequireAll>
Require not ip 192.168.26.128
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
虚拟主机有三类:
#设置主机名
#编译安装的情况下
[root@lynkser ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#要编辑的内容和其他操作和yum安装是相同的
#yum安装的情况下
[root@lynkser ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
ServerAdmin root@localhost
#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
ServerName www.example.com:80
#在文件最后加上如下内容:
#virtual host 1 #虚拟主机1的配置
<VirtualHost 192.168.26.129:80> #写自己的IP
ServerName www.lynk.com #写自己的IP
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/www"
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www/error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www/access_log" combined
<Directory /var/www/html/www>
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
Require not ip 192.168.1
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
# virtual host 2 #虚拟主机2的配置
<VirtualHost 192.168.26.129:80> #写自己的IP
ServerName blog.lynk.com #写自己的域名
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/blog"
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/blog/error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/blog/access_log" combined
<Directory /var/www/html/blog>
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
#创建网页目录并修改属主和属组
[root@lynkser var]# mkdir -p /var/www/html
[root@lynkser var]# cd /var/www/html
[root@lynkser html]# mkdir www blog
[root@lynkser html]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jan 16 01:34 blog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jan 16 01:34 www
[root@lynkser html]# chown -R apache.apache blog
[root@lynkser html]# chown -R apache.apache www
[root@lynkser html]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 6 Jan 16 01:34 blog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 6 Jan 16 01:34 www
#创建网页
[root@lynkser html]# echo "hello world www" > www/index.html
[root@lynkser html]# echo "hello world blog" > blog/index.html
#创建对应网页的日志目录
[root@lynkser html]# mkdir -p /var/log/httpd/{www,blog}
[root@lynkser html]# chown -R apache.apache /var/log/httpd/
[root@lynkser html]# ll /var/log/httpd/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 6 Jan 16 01:39 blog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 6 Jan 16 01:39 www
#启动服务
#使用yum安装的情况下
[root@lynkser ~]# systemctl start httpd
#使用编译安装的情况下
[root@lynkser ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
#查看有没有80端口
[root@lynkser ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
在客户机上打开浏览器验证
如果没有DNS,需要修改hosts,请自行修改,不做演示
标签:table 加载 gis amp roo 级别 MLOG 源码包 png
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lynk/p/10278529.html